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Application of MJO simulation diagnostics to climate model simulations
Daehyun Kim,D. E. Waliser,K. R. Sperber,L Donner,J. Gottschalck,H. H. Hendon,W. Higgins,I.-S. Kang,E. D. Maloney,M. W. Moncrieff,S. Schubert,W. Stern,F. Vitart,B. Wang,W. Wang,K. M. Weickmann,M. C. Wh 한국기상학회 2008 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-
Michael W. Corrigan,Ann Higgins-D’ Alessandro,Philip M. Brown 한국교육개발원 2013 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.10 No.-
This article presents the case for prosocial education as: 1) being the right of every student, parent, and teacher; 2) providing a systemic evidence-based process designed to enhance school attachment, promote social development, and increase academic success; and 3) offering a necessary foundation for effective educational policy. We develop the idea of prosocial education in the context of U.S. education and its challenges; however, we also show how it can be a useful framework to organize school improvement efforts in different nations as well as to inform educational policy for any nation. We illustrate how helping educators create positive, stimulating classrooms and schools, and effectively integrate prosocial ideas into daily practices, develops students physically, socially, behaviorally, ethically, emotionally, and intellectually, providing the competencies essential to become citizens committed to contributing to the common good.
Chi, Y. H.,Salzman, R. A.,Balfe, S.,Ahn, J.-E.,Sun, W.,Moon, J.,Yun, D.-J.,Lee, S. Y.,Higgins, T. J. V.,Pittendrigh, B.,Murdock, L. L.,Zhu-Salzman, K. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Vol.18 No.1
<P>Abstract</P><P>The insect digestive system is the first line of defence protecting cells and tissues of the body from a broad spectrum of toxins and antinutritional factors in its food. To gain insight into the nature and breadth of genes involved in adaptation to dietary challenge, a collection of 20 352 cDNAs was prepared from the midgut tissue of cowpea bruchid larvae (<I>Callosobruchus maculatus</I>) fed on regular diet and diets containing antinutritional compounds. Transcript responses of the larvae to dietary soybean cystatin (scN) were analysed using cDNA microarrays, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) confirmation with selected genes. The midgut transcript profile of insects fed a sustained sublethal scN dose over the larval life was compared with that of insects treated with an acute high dose of scN for 24 h. A total of 1756 scN-responsive cDNAs was sequenced; these clustered into 967 contigs, of which 653 were singletons. Many contigs (451) did not show homology with known genes, or had homology only with genes of unknown function in a B<SMALL>LAST</SMALL> search. The identified differentially regulated sequences encoded proteins presumptively involved in metabolism, structure, development, signalling, defence and stress response. Expression patterns of some scN-responsive genes were consistent in each larval stage, whereas others exhibited developmental stage-specificity. Acute (24 h), high level exposure to dietary scN caused altered expression of a set of genes partially overlapping with the transcript profile seen under chronic lower level exposure. Protein and carbohydrate hydrolases were generally up-regulated by scN whereas structural, defence and stress-related genes were largely down-regulated. These results show that insects actively mobilize genomic resources in the alimentary tract to mitigate the impact of a digestive protease inhibitor. The enhanced or restored digestibility that may result is possibly crucial for insect survival, yet may be bought at the cost of weakened response to other stresses.</P>