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- 저자 : Vielle, Nathalie Jane (검색결과 3 건)
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Altering Sexual Development in Arabidopsis
Calzada, Vielle,Phillippe, Jean,Moore, James M.,Gagliano, Wendy B.,Grossniklaus, Ueli 한국식물학회 1998 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.41 No.2
The reproductive system determines the way in which gametes develop and interact to form a new organism. Therefore, it exerts the primary level of control of genotypic frequencies in plant populations, and plays a fundamental role in plant breeding. A basic understanding of plant reproductive development will completely transform current breeding strategies used for seed production. Apomixis is an asexual form of reproduction in which embryogenesis occurs in a cell lineage lacking both meiosis and fertilization, and that culminates in the formation of viable progeny genetically identical to the mother plant. The transfer of apomixis into sexual crops will allow the production of self-perpetuating improved hybrids, and the fixation of any desired heterozygous genotype. The initiation of apomictic development invariably takes place at early stages of ovule ontogeny, before the establishment of the megagametophytic phase. The developmental versatility associated with megagametophyte formation suggests that the genetic and molecular regulation of apomixis is intimately related to the regulation of sexuality. Differences between the initiation of sexual and apomictic development may be determined by regulatory genes that act during megasporogenesis, and that control events leading to the formation of unreduced female gametophytes. To test this hypothesis, we are isolating and characterizing genes that act during megasporogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana and investigating their potential role in the induction of apomixis. We are using a recently established transposon-based enhancer detection and gene trap insertional mutagenesis system that allows the identification of genes based on their expression patterns. An initial screen of transposants has yielded over 20 lines conferring restricted GUS expression during early ovule development. We have obtained the sequence of genomic fragments flanking the transposon insertion. Serveral have homology to genes playing important roles in plant and animal development. They include cell cycle regulators, enzymes involved in callose hydrolysis, leucine-rich repeat protein kinase receptors, and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of unknown function. Independently, a genetic screen allows the identification of female sterile mutants defective in megasporogenesis. Results from these experiments will imporve our basic understanding of reproductive development in plants, and will set the basis for a sustained effort in plant germ line biotechnology, a first step toward a flexible transfer of apomixis into a large variety of sexual crops.
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Siddharta, Anindya,Pfaender, Stephanie,Vielle, Nathalie Jane,Dijkman, Ronald,Friesland, Martina,Becker, Britta,Yang, Jaewon,Engelmann, Michael,Todt, Daniel,Windisch, Marc P.,Brill, Florian H.,Steinman Oxford University Press 2017 The Journal of Infectious Diseases Vol.215 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The World Health Organization (WHO) published 2 alcohol-based formulations to be used in healthcare settings and for outbreak-associated infections, but inactivation efficacies of these products have not been determined against (re-)emerging viruses. In this study, we evaluated the virucidal activity of these WHO products in a comparative analysis. Zika virus (ZIKV), Ebola virus (EBOV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as (re-)emerging viral pathogens and other enveloped viruses could be efficiently inactivated by both WHO formulations, implicating their use in healthcare systems and viral outbreak situations.</P>
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