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Otari, Sachin V.,Shinde, Vijay V.,Hui, Gao,Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2019 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.45 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Noble-metal hybrid nanostructures have gained tremendous attention due to their potential roles in biomedical and catalytic applications. In this study, for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs)–silica (SiO<SUB>2</SUB>) NPs, a novel green chemistry approach was employed, in which green tea biomolecule–encapsulated SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructures were used for the reduction of silver ions to produce hybrid nanostructures within 300 s. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HrTEM) revealed the formation of uniform ultrafine spherical Ag NPs that were evenly distributed in the nanostructures. The formed nanohybrid structures showed efficient catalytic activity for the formation of derivatives of dihydroquinoline, and retained 91% of their reusability capacity, even after 5 repeated cycles. Hence, this work provides a novel synthesis method not only for the synthesis of biomolecule-entrapped SiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanostructures, but also for the rapid formation of catalytically active hybrid nanostructures.</P>
G.T. Gujar,V. Kalia,G.K. Bunker,S. Dhurua 한국응용곤충학회 2010 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.13 No.4
The impact of structured strip row refugia (varying from 10% to 50%) in the Bt cotton crops JKCH1947Bt (producing one toxin, Cry1Ac) and MRC7017BGII (producing two toxins, Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab) on the pest complex and cotton yield was studied. During the cropping season (June 2008 to November 2008), sucking pest incidence was negligible. However, the incidences of spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, and the leafroller,Sylepta derogata, were high on the non-Bt cotton. The total cotton seed yield of the Bt crop plus the refuge decreased proportionately with respect to the increase in proportion of non-Bt cotton. Total cotton production decreased significantly when 40% non-Bt cotton was planted as refuge. These studies showed that a refuge of up to 30% non-Bt cotton in JKCH1947Bt and up to 20% non-Bt cotton in MRC7017Bt did not affect total seed cotton yield compared to 100% Bt cotton.
Inhibition of Microbial Quorum Sensing Mediated Virulence Factors by Pestalotiopsis sydowiana
Paramanantham Parasuraman,B Devadatha,V. Venkateswara Sarma,Sampathkumar Ranganathan,Dinakara Rao Ampasala,Dhanasekhar Reddy,Ranjith Kumavath,김인원,Sanjay K. S. Patel,Vipin Chandra Kalia,이정걸,Busi Siddha 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.4
Quorum sensing (QS)-mediated infections cause severe diseases in human beings. The control of infectious diseases by inhibiting QS using antipathogenic drugs is a promising approach as antibiotics are proving inefficient in treating these diseases. Marine fungal (Pestalotiopsis sydowiana PPR) extract was found to possess effective antipathogenic characteristics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fungal extract against test pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was 1,000 μg/ml. Sub-MIC concentrations (250 and 500 μg/ml) of fungal extract reduced QSregulated virulence phenotypes such as the production of pyocyanin, chitinase, protease, elastase, and staphylolytic activity in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by 84.15%, 73.15%, 67.37%, 62.37%, and 33.65%, respectively. Moreover, it also reduced the production of exopolysaccharides (74.99%), rhamnolipids (68.01%), and alginate (54.98%), and inhibited the biofilm formation of the bacteria by 90.54%. In silico analysis revealed that the metabolite of P. sydowiana PPR binds to the bacterial QS receptor proteins (LasR and RhlR) similar to their respective natural signaling molecules. Cyclo(- Leu-Pro) (CLP) and 4-Hydroxyphenylacetamide (4-HPA) were identified as potent bioactive compounds among the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR using in silico approaches. The MIC values of CLP and 4-HPA against P. aeruginosa PAO1 were determined as 250 and 125 μg/ml, respectively. All the antivirulence assays were conducted at sub-MIC concentrations of CLP (125 μg/ml) and 4-HPA (62.5 μg/ml), which resulted in marked reduction in all the investigated virulence factors. This was further supported by gene expression studies. The findings suggest that the metabolites of P. sydowiana PPR can be employed as promising QS inhibitors that target pathogenic bacteria.
Patel, S. K.,Lee, J. K.,Kalia, V. C. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Indian journal of microbiology Vol.56 No.3
<P>In this study, an integrative approach to produce biohydrogen (H-2) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from the wastes of biological origin was investigated. A defined set of mixed cultures was used for hydrolysis and the hydrolysates were used to produce H-2. The effluent from H-2 production stage was used for PHA production. Under batch culture, a maximum of 62 l H-2/kg of pure potato peels (Total solid, TS 2 %, w/v) and 54 l H-2/kg of mixed biowastes (MBW1) was recorded. Using effluent from the H-2 production stage of biowaste mixture (MBW1), Bacillus cereus EGU43 could produce 195 mg PHA/l and 15.6 % (w/w). Further, supplementation of GM-2 medium (0.1x) and glucose (0.5 %) in H-2 production stage effluents, resulted in significant improvements of up to 11 and 41.7 % of PHA contents, respectively. An improvement of 3.9- and 17-fold in PHA yields as compared to with and without integrative H-2 production from the MBW1 has been recorded. This integrative approach seems to be a suitable process to improve the yields of H-2 and PHA by mixing biowastes.</P>
Dark-Fermentative Biological Hydrogen Production from Mixed Biowastes Using Defined Mixed Cultures
Patel, S. K.,Lee, J. K.,Kalia, V. C. Association of Microbiologists of India 2017 Indian journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.2
<P>Biological hydrogen (H-2) production from the biowastes is widely recognized as a suitable alternative approach to utilize low cost feed instead of costly individual sugars. In the present investigation, pure and mixed biowastes were fermented by defined sets of mixed cultures for hydrolysis and H-2 production. Under batch conditions, up to 65, 67 and 70 L H-2/kg total solids (2%, TS) were evolved from apple pomace (AP), onion peels (OP) and potato peels (PP) using a combination of hydrolytic mixed culture (MHC5) and mixed microbial cultures (MMC4 or MMC6), respectively. Among the different combinations of mixed biowastes including AP, OP, PP and pea-shells, the combination of OP and PP exhibited maximum H-2 production of 73 and 84 L/kg TS with MMC4 and MMC6, respectively. This study suggested that H-2 production can be effectively regulated by using defined sets of mixed cultures for hydrolysis and H-2 production from pure and mixed biowastes as feed even under unsterile conditions.</P>
Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Otari, Sachin V.,Li, Jinglin,Kim, Dong Rip,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Byung-Kwan,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kang, Yun Chan,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.347 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Herein, we report the preparation of a cross-linked protein-metal hybrid nanoflower (NF) system for laccase immobilization. The immobilized laccase showed effective encapsulation yield and activity recovery of 78.1% and 204%, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (<I>k</I> <SUB>cat</SUB> <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB> <SUP>−1</SUP>) of cross-linked NF (CL-NF) was 2.2-fold more than that of free laccase. The CL-NF also exhibited significantly higher stability towards pH and temperature changes. It exhibited excellent storage stability and tolerance towards solvents and inhibitors as compared with the free enzyme. After 10 cycles of reuses, the NF and CL-NF laccase showed 41.2% and 92.3% residual activity, respectively. The CL-NF showed high oxidation potential, 265% that of the free enzyme, towards phenolic compounds. The CL-NF laccase retained the residual decolorization efficiency of up to 84.6% for synthetic dyes under repeated batch conditions of 10 cycles. These results suggested that the preparation of CL-NF is an effective approach to enhance the enzymatic properties and has great potential in many industrial applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cross-linked (CL) laccase-metal hybrid nanoflower (NF) was prepared. </LI> <LI> The catalytic efficiency of CL-NF laccase was 2.2-fold higher than that of free laccase. </LI> <LI> CL-NF laccase showed 2.6-fold higher oxidation potential than free laccase towards phenolic compounds. </LI> <LI> Under repeated batch conditions, it retained high decolorization efficiency for synthetic dyes. </LI> </UL> </P>
Patel, S.K.S.,Mardina, P.,Kim, D.,Kim, S.Y.,Kalia, V.C.,Kim, I.W.,Lee, J.K. Elsevier Applied Science 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.218 No.-
Raw biogas can be an alternative feedstock to pure methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>) for methanol production. In this investigation, we evaluated the methanol production potential of Methylosinus sporium from raw biogas originated from an anaerobic digester. Furthermore, the roles of different gases in methanol production were investigated using synthetic gas mixtures of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>), and hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>). Maximum methanol production was 5.13, 4.35, 6.28, 7.16, 0.38, and 0.36mM from raw biogas, CH<SUB>4</SUB>:CO<SUB>2</SUB>, CH<SUB>4</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>, CH<SUB>4</SUB>:CO<SUB>2</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and CO<SUB>2</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>, respectively. Supplementation of H<SUB>2</SUB> into raw biogas increased methanol production up to 3.5-fold. Additionally, covalent immobilization of M. sporium on chitosan resulted in higher methanol production from raw biogas. This study provides a suitable approach to improve methanol production using low cost raw biogas as a feed containing high concentrations of H<SUB>2</SUB>S (0.13%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on methanol production from raw biogas, using immobilized cells of methanotrophs.
Patel, S.K.S.,Selvaraj, C.,Mardina, P.,Jeong, J.H.,Kalia, V.C.,Kang, Y.C.,Lee, J.K. Applied Science Publishers 2016 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.171 No.-
<P>Both methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are major greenhouse gases (GHGs); hence, effective processes are required for their conversion into useful products. CH4 is used by a few groups of methanotrophs to produce methanol. However, to achieve economical and sustainable CH4 reduction strategies, additional strains are needed that can exploit natural CH4 feed stocks. In this study, we evaluated methanol production by Methylosinus sporium from CH4 and synthetic gas. The optimum pH, temperature, incubation period, substrate, reaction volume to headspace ratio, and phosphate buffer concentration were determined to be 6.8, 30 C, 24 h, 50% CH4, 1:5, and 100 mM (with 20 mM MgC12 [a methanol dehydrogenase inhibitor]), respectively. Optimization of the production conditions and process parameters significantly improved methanol production from 0.86 mM to 5.80 mM. Covalent immobilization of M. sporium on Chitosan significantly improved the stability and reusability for up to 6 cycles of reuse under batch culture conditions. The immobilized cells utilized a synthetic gas mixture containing CH4, CO2, and hydrogen (at a ratio of 6:3:1) more efficiently than free cells, with a maximum methanol production of 6.12 mM. This is the first report of high methanol production by M. sporium covalently immobilized on a solid support from a synthetic gas mixture. Utilization of cost-effective feedstocks derived from natural resources will be an economical and environmentally friendly way to reduce the harmful effects of GHGs. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>