Significantly Low Effective Dose from ¹⁸FDG PET/CT Scans Using Dose Reducing Strategies: "Lesser is Better"

uz Zaman, Maseeh,Fatima, Nosheen,Zaman, Areeba,Zaman, Unaiza,Tahseen, Rabia Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.7

Background: Fluorodeoxyglucose ($^{18}FDG$) PET/CT imaging has become an important component of the management paradigm in oncology. However, the significant imparted radiation exposure is a matter of growing concern especially in younger populations who have better odds of survival. The aim of this study was to estimate the effective dose received by patients having whole body $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT scanning as per recent dose reducing guidelines at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study covered 63 patients with different cancers who were referred for PET/CT study for various indications. Patients were prepared as per departmental protocol and 18FDG was injected at 3 MBq/Kg and a low dose, non-enhanced CT protocol (LD-NECT) was used. Diagnostic CT studies of specific regions were subsequently performed if required. Effective dose imparted by 18FDG (internal exposure) was calculated by using multiplying injected dose in MBq with coefficient $1.9{\times}10^{-2}mSv/MBq$ according to ICRP publication 106. Effective dose imparted by CT was calculated by multiplying DLP (mGy.cm) with ICRP conversion coefficient "k" 0.015 [mSv / (mG. cm)]. Results: Mean age of patients was $49{\pm}18$ years with a male to female ratio of 35:28 (56%:44%). Median dose of 18FDG given was 194 MBq (range: 139-293). Median CTDIvol was 3.25 (2.4-6.2) and median DLP was 334.95 (246.70 - 576.70). Estimated median effective dose imparted by $^{18}FDG$ was 3.69 mSv (range: 2.85-5.57). Similarly the estimated median effective dose by low dose (non-diagnostic) CT examination was 4.93 mSv (range: 2.14 -10.49). Median total effective dose by whole body 18FDG PET plus low dose non-diagnostic CT study was 8.85 mSv (range: 5.56-13.00). Conclusions: We conclude that the median effective dose from a whole body 18FDG PET/CT in our patients was significantly low. We suggest adhering to recently published dose reducing strategies, use of ToF scanner with CT dose reducing option to achieve the lower if not the lowest effective dose. This would certainly reduce the risk of second primary malignancy in younger patients with higher odds of cure from first primary cancer.

¹⁸FDG Synthesis and Supply: a Journey from Existing Centralized to Future Decentralized Models

uz Zaman, Maseeh,Fatima, Nosheen,Sajjad, Zafar,Zaman, Unaiza,Tahseen, Rabia,Zaman, Areeba Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.23

Positron emission tomography (PET) as the functional component of current hybrid imaging (like PET/CT or PET/MRI) seems to dominate the horizon of medical imaging in coming decades. $^{18}$Flourodeoxyglucose ($^{18}FDG$) is the most commonly used probe in oncology and also in cardiology and neurology around the globe. However, the major capital cost and exorbitant running expenditure of low to medium energy cyclotrons (about 20 MeV) and radiochemistry units are the seminal reasons of low number of cyclotrons but mushroom growth pattern of PET scanners. This fact and longer half-life of $^{18}F$ (110 minutes) have paved the path of a centralized model in which $^{18}FDG$ is produced by commercial PET radiopharmacies and the finished product (multi-dose vial with tungsten shielding) is dispensed to customers having only PET scanners. This indeed reduced the cost but has limitations of dependence upon timely arrival of daily shipments as delay caused by any reason results in cancellation or rescheduling of the PET procedures. In recent years, industry and academia have taken a step forward by producing low energy, table top cyclotrons with compact and automated radiochemistry units (Lab-on-Chip). This decentralized strategy enables the users to produce on-demand doses of PET probe themselves at reasonably low cost using an automated and user-friendly technology. This technological development would indeed provide a real impetus to the availability of complete set up of PET based molecular imaging at an affordable cost to the developing countries.

Anxiety, Depression and Burnout Levels of Turkish Healthcare Workers at the End of the First Period of COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey

Burak Uz,Esra Savaş,an,Dila Soğ,ancı 대한정신약물학회 2022 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.20 No.1

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic affected the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) as well as their physical health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anxiety, depression and burnout levels of Turkish HCWs after the first period of the pandemic. Methods: The participants filled sociodemographic data form, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: In this study, 221 HCWs (68.8% female) with a median age of 28 (20−66) years were included. Concerning HADS cut-off points, 39.8% of the participants scored above the depression cut-off point, while 26.2% scored above the cut-off point for anxiety. The anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) scores of nurses and medical secretaries were significantly higher than the physicians. Also, the anxiety and depression rates of nurses were higher than both physicians and medical secretaries. Emotional exhaustion (MBI-EE) and depersonalization (MBI-D) scores were highest in nurses, followed by medical secretaries and physicians, respectively. In multivariate analysis, being a nurse (OR: 4.671, p = 0.044) or medical secretary (OR: 4.013, p = 0.048), requirement of using a mental health support line (OR: 4.641, p = 0.005), having any kind of addiction (OR: 2.562, p = 0.019) and being under antidepressant therapy (OR: 3.096, p = 0.036) significantly increased the risk of anxiety. However, in multivariate analyses, the only requirement of using a mental health support line significantly increased the risk of depression (OR: 8.542, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Female HCWs, nurses and medical secretaries experienced higher levels of mental health symptoms than male HCWs and physicians.

Ramon Guillermo, Scholar-Activist of Indonesian and Philippine Society

Eliserio, UZ. Korea Institute for ASEAN Studies 2020 Suvannabhumi Vol.12 No.1

This paper presents the work of Southeast Asian scholar Ramon Guillermo. Using sophisticated computer-aided methods, Guillermo approaches a range of topics in the wide fields of social sciences and the humanities. A creative writer as well as an activist, Guillermo grounds his studies in nationalism and Marxism. Particularly interested in Indonesian and Philippine society and culture, Guillermo engages with the writings of labor leaders Tan Malaka and Lope K. Santos, translations of Marx's Capital into Bahasa and Filipino, and studies as well the discursive and historical connections between the Communist Parties of both countries. The paper aims to introduce the innovations of Guillermo's studies, particularly in the fields of cultural studies and translation studies. The type of cultural studies Guillermo practices is empirical, taking inspiration from innovations done in the digital humanities. Guillermo is most opposed to trendy, fashion-seeking approaches that are not grounded on history. He reserves particular ire for "hip" postcolonialism, and instead praises studies that are founded on politics and materialism. In translation studies, Guillermo goes beyond the mere cataloguing of mistakes. For him, it is the mistakes and "perversities" of a translation that is interesting and illuminating. Guillermo himself is a translator, and the paper ends with a brief discussion of his production in this field.

Object Location Memory and Sex Difference: Implications on Static vs. Dynamic Navigation Environments

( Cigdem Uz ),( Arif Altun ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2014 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.15 No.1

In the present study, the effect of a two-type multimedia navigationenvironment (dynamic vs. static) was investigated on recall performancesof learners with different object location memory (OLM) spans (low vs. high). The OLM spans of 34 male and female undergraduate students weredetermined by a revised location memory test, and the students were separatedinto high and low groups. In a 2x2 nested ANOVA design, one group studiedthe static navigation environment, while the other explored the 3-D dynamicenvironment. While in the 3-D dynamic environment individuals navigatedthrough the smooth display of view changes; in the static environment, 2-Drepresentation of the 3-D real world, objects did not change with the movementof the observer. As participants finished the navigation task, they were givena spatial knowledge recall test. Findings indicated that learners showed higherrecall performances in the static environment than the dynamic environment. Gender differences were also observed in terms of recalling spatial knowledge,with males earning the highest scores in the dynamic navigation environment.

DIETARY CANOLA OIL EFFECTS ON WHOLE BODY FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NILE TILAPIA Oreochromis niloticus

O?uz Ta?bozan,Mahmut A. Gokce,Celal Erba?,Filiz Ozcan 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STARVATION AND RE-FEEDING REGIMES IN WINTER CONDITIONS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF EUROPEAN SEA BASS (Dicentrarchus labrax)

O?uz Ta?bozan,?lker Altınoz 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

The Relationship between Apolipoprotein E Genotypes and Alcoholism in Type Ⅱ Alcoholics

Karaog˘uz, Meral Yirmibes¸,O¨nen, I˙lke,Cos¸ar, Behc¸et 한국유전학회 2005 Genes & Genomics Vol.27 No.1

Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) is important in plasma lipid metabolism and has three major isoforms which are encoded by three allelic forms, ε2, ε3, ε4. To explore the involment of apolipoprotein E gene in alcoholism, Apo E genotypes were evaluated after the digestion with Cfol restriction enzyme in 52 type 11 alcoholics and 120 healthy controls. The frequencies of ApoE alleles in alcoholics were 13% in ε2, 81% in ε3 and 6% in ε4. The corresponding frequencies of the three alleses in control subjects were 7%, 89% and 4%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the distribution of Apo E genotypes and alleles between the alcoholics and the controls (p>0.05).

Launderability of Conductive Polymer Yarns Used for Connections of E-textile Modules: Mechanical Stresses

Shahood uz Zaman,Xuyuan Tao,Cédric Cochrane,Vladan Koncar 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

E-textile is one of the emerging fields of current era and some dynamic and state of the art products are alreadyavailable on the market. E-textile products are facing problems related to reliability and difficulty in laundering. This paper isfocused on the standards to be proposed for washability of e-textile structures after in depth analysis of wash process. Mechanical forces acting on the e-textile structure during washing are considered the most damaging among all others. Wellknown textile benchmark tests such as Martindale abrasion and pilling box are supposed to have similar mechanical damageson e-textile structures as in washing. As E-textiles relay on flexible connections (textile motherboard) within textile structurerealized by conductive yarns, they are the main target of our investigations. The resultant change in electrical resistance aftermechanical tests on silver plated conductive yarns used as connection threads in e-textile structures is co-related withwashing results to propose equivalent damage effect without washing of samples.

Association Between Interleukin-6 and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Uzdan Uz,Görkem Eskiizmir 대한이비인후과학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.14 No.1

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in several regulatory mechanisms of cancer. Moreover, experimental and clinical studies have reported that IL-6 targeted therapies might provide significant benefits for cancer treatment. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate IL-6 activity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A systematic review of the association between serum, saliva and tumor IL-6 and HNSCC was developed on PubMed/Medline in the publication range from January 1995 to January 2019. Our literature analysis demonstrated that overexpression and elevated serum and/or saliva IL-6 concentrations in patients with HNSCC are related to poor survival and oncological outcomes. Although there is a correlation between IL-6 concentrations and tumorigenicity, it is noteworthy that IL-6 targeted therapies are generally performed in vitro and in experimental studies. Therefore, prospective, randomized clinical trials are required that focus on IL-6 targeted therapies for the treatment of HNSCC.