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Airfoil Design for Martian Airplane Considering Using Global Optimization Methodology
Kanazaki, Masahiro,Utsuki, Motohiro,Sato, Takaya,Matsushima, Kisa The Society for Aerospace System Engineering 2015 International Journal of Aerospace System Engineer Vol.2 No.2
To design airfoils for novel airplanes, new knowledge of aerodynamics is required. In this study, modified Parametric SECtion (PARSEC) which is a airfoil representation is applied to airfoil design using a multi-objective genetic algorithm to obtain an optimal airfoil for consideration in the development of a Martian airplane. In this study, an airfoil that can obtain a sufficient lift and glide ratio under lower thrust is considered. The objective functions are to maximize maximum lift-to-drag ratio and to maximize the trailing edge thickness. In this way, information on the low Reynolds number airfoil could be extracted efficiently. The optimization results suggest that the airfoil with a sharper thickness at the leading edge and higher camber at the trailing edge is more suitable for a Martian airplane. In addition, several solutions which has thicker trailing edge thickness were found.
오선지,정은지,권미성,이봉기,Tadanobu Utsuki,오철웅,김형락 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.11
Sargassum serratifolium was found to contain high concentrations of meroterpenoids, having strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities. This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of an ethanolic extract of S. serratifolium (ESS) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to identify the anti-inflammatory components in ESS. The level of proinflammatory cytokines was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of inflammation-related proteins and mRNA was evaluated by Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activities of isolated components from ESS were analyzed in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. ESS inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 and the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. ESS also decreased the release of proinflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. LPS-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (κB) transcriptional activity and translocation into the nucleus were remarkably suppressed by ESS through the prevention of inhibitor κB-α degradation. The main anti-inflammatory components in ESS were identified as sargahydroquinoic acid, sargachromenol, and sargaquinoic acid based on the inhibition of NO production using LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Furthermore, treatment with ESS significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β stimulated with LPS in mouse hippocampus. Our results indicate that ESS can be used as a functional food or therapeutic agent for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
Gwon, Wi-Gyeong,Joung, Eun-Ji,Shin, Taisun,Utsuki, Tadanobu,Wakamatsu, Nobuko,Kim, Hyeung-Rak Elsevier 2018 Journal of Functional Foods Vol.46 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Sargassum serratifolium</I> has been known to contain high concentration of meroterpinoids as anti-inflammatory compounds. We investigated the protective effects of the meroterpinoid-rich fraction of the ethanol extract from <I>S. serratifolium</I> (MES) on vascular inflammation using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and high cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The <I>in vitro</I> results showed that MES inhibited the adhesion of monocytes to TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs by reduced levels of cell adhesion molecules, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Decreased levels of these proteins by MES were associated with down-regulated translocation of nuclear factor kappa B. Active compounds in MES were identified as sargahydroquinoic acid, sargacromenol and sargaquinoic acid based on the inhibition of adhesion molecules. <I>In vivo</I> study, MES supplementation remarkably decreased levels of vascular inflammatory proteins in serum and aorta tissue in HCD-fed mice. These results suggest that MES could be a potential supplement as an anti-atherogenic dietary agent for the prevention of atherosclerosis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> MES inhibited vascular inflammatory proteins in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. </LI> <LI> Vascular anti-inflammatory activity of MES is associated with down-regulation of NF-κB. </LI> <LI> MES reduced levels of vascular inflammatory proteins in HCD-fed C57BL/6J mice. </LI> <LI> Active compounds in MES were sargahydroquinoic acid, sargachromenol and sargaquinoic acid. </LI> <LI> MES could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>