Evaluation of 18F-FDG Uptake Pattern in Brown Adipose Tissue Over Extended Time Period as Assessed by Multiple Time Point 18F-FDG-PET

Trupti Upadhye,Arun Gandhi,Sandip Basu 대한핵의학회 2013 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.47 No.2

Purpose To study the 18F-FDG uptake pattern in brown adipose tissue (BAT) over an extended time period, by multiple-time-point fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging. The primary objective for this kind of research was that it could form a basis and may have further implications for obesity research, metabolic diseases and for cachexia of both malignant and benign origin. Methods A total of 12 patients who had undergone routine FDG-PET for disease evaluation and had demonstrated prominent BAT uptake in their baseline scans were selected. The patients with the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated in the BAT of the supraclavicular and paravertebral areas of either side, and were analyzed separately to examine their behavior individually. Time activity curves (TACs) were generated for [A] BAT SUVmax values and [B] SUVmax ratio of BAT/lung (B/L SUVmax ratio) at various time points. Results Ten out of the 12 patients were imaged at four time points, and two patients were imaged for two time points. Amongst a total of n030 sites, 23 were imaged at four time points and seven were imaged at two time points. Seventeen out of 30 area sites (56.67 %) demonstrated a peak value at 60 min and a falling trend of SUVmax afterwards; the remaining showed a peak uptake value between 85 and 300 min after the first scan (i.e. 145–360 min after injection),and falling values thereafter. With regard to the B/L SUVmax ratio, ten out of 30 sites (33.33 %) demonstrated peak uptake at 60 min, and the remaining showed a rise,with peak uptake at times between 85 and 300 min after the first scan (i.e. 145–360 min after injection) and falling values thereafter. No additional area of BAT uptake was observed over the extended time period in this study. Conclusion Wide variability was observed in the BAT FDG uptake over an extended period of time. Nearly half of the sites demonstrated an increase in FDG uptake until 360 min (i.e. 6 h) after injection, while the remaining half showed peak uptake at 1 h and subsequent fall of uptake. In the future, it will be worthwhile to study whether there exists any difference in time course of FDG uptake in brown fat between patients with cancer and those scanned for benign etiologies, or between obese and non-obese individuals.

Seasonal Variation Studies and Pharmacognostic Evaluation ofAlstonia scholaris R.Br. Bark

A. S. Upadhye,Sayyada Khatoon,Shanta Mehrotra 한국생약학회 2006 Natural Product Sciences Vol.12 No.4

Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting with Size-Controllable Gold Nanodot Arrays

Kim, Hyung Ju,Lee, Sang Ho,Upadhye, Aniruddha A.,Ro, Insoo,Tejedor-Tejedor, M. Isabel,Anderson, Marc A.,Kim, Won Bae,Huber, George W. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.10

<P>Size-controllable Au nanodot arrays (50, 63, and 83 nm dot size) with a narrow size distribution (±5%) were prepared by a direct contact printing method on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. Titania was added to the Au nanodots using TiO<SUB>2</SUB> sols of 2–3 nm in size. This created a precisely controlled Au nanodot with 110 nm of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> overcoats. Using these precisely controlled nanodot arrays, the effects of Au nanodot size and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> overcoats were investigated for photoelectrochemical water splitting using a three-electrode system with a fiber-optic visible light source. From UV–vis measurement, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak energy (<I>E</I><SUB>LSPR</SUB>) increased and the LSPR line width (Γ) decreased with decreasing Au nanodot size. The generated plasmonic enhancement for the photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction increased with decreasing Au particle size. The measured plasmonic enhancement for light on/off experiments was 25 times for the 50 nm Au size and 10 times for the 83 nm Au nanodot size. The activity of each catalyst increased by a factor of 6 when TiO<SUB>2</SUB> was added to the Au nanodots for all the samples. The activity of the catalyst was proportional to the quality factor (defined as <I>Q</I> = <I>E</I><SUB>LSPR</SUB>/Γ) of the plasmonic metal nanostructure. The enhanced water splitting performance with the decreased Au nanodot size is probably due to more generated charge carriers (electron/hole pair) by local field enhancement as the quality factor increases.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-10/nn504484u/production/images/medium/nn-2014-04484u_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn504484u'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Hepatoprotective Effect of Stamen Extracts of Mesua ferrea L. against Oxidative Stress induced by CCl4 in Liver Slice Culture Model

Anagha A Rajopadhye,Anuradha S Upadhye 한국생약학회 2012 Natural Product Sciences Vol.18 No.2

Stamens of Mesua ferrea L. are a well-known herbal drug used in Indian System of Traditional Medicine to treat various diseases. The claimed activity of this plant part is necessitated to investigate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Authenticated plant sample was extracted with hexane, ethanol (EtOH) and water (aq.) using ASE 100 accelerated solvent extractor. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by means of different in vitro assays. Hepatoprotective effect was investigated on carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in liver slice culture model. Cytotoxic marker lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in culture medium and the activity of lipid peroxidation along with antioxidant enzymes (AOEs) namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)and glutathione reductase (GR) were estimated. Hexane and EtOH extracts were significantly inhibited DPPH,NO, SOD and ABTS+ radical in dose dependent manner. The trade of phenol content was: aq. extract < hexane extract < EtOH extract. A significant correlation was shown by total phenol content and free radical scavenging activity of extracts. The culture system treated with hexane extract, EtOH extract or ascorbic acid exhibited significant depletion in LDH, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT and GR. Hexane extract and EtOH extracts of stamen of M. ferrea protected liver slice culture cells by alleviating oxidative stress induced damage to liver cells.

Detecting solar chameleons through radiation pressure

Baum, S.,Cantatore, G.,Hoffmann, D.H.H.,Karuza, M.,Semertzidis, Y.K.,Upadhye, A.,Zioutas, K. Elsevier 2014 Physics letters: B Vol.739 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Light scalar fields can drive the accelerated expansion of the universe. Hence, they are obvious dark energy candidates. To make such models compatible with tests of General Relativity in the solar system and “fifth force” searches on Earth, one needs to screen them. One possibility is the so-called “chameleon” mechanism, which renders an effective mass depending on the local matter density. If chameleon particles exist, they can be produced in the sun and detected on Earth exploiting the equivalent of a radiation pressure. Since their effective mass scales with the local matter density, chameleons can be reflected by a dense medium if their effective mass becomes greater than their total energy. Thus, under appropriate conditions, a flux of solar chameleons may be sensed by detecting the total instantaneous momentum transferred to a suitable opto-mechanical force/pressure sensor. We calculate the solar chameleon spectrum and the reach in the chameleon parameter space of an experiment using the preliminary results from a force/pressure sensor, currently under development at INFN Trieste, to be mounted in the focal plane of one of the X-Ray telescopes of the CAST experiment at CERN. We show, that such an experiment signifies a pioneering effort probing uncharted chameleon parameter space.</P>