Nigerian foreign policy and economic development, 1999–2013

Efem N Ubi,Oluwatooni O Akinkuotu 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2014 International Area Studies Review Vol.17 No.4

Since independence, the guiding principle of Nigeria’s foreign policy and the pursuit of its national interests, in both its bilateral and its multilateral relations, have remained a reflection of its perception of the international environment. A constant feature that has remained central to Nigeria’s foreign policy architecture has been Africa, with preoccupations concerning fighting colonialism, apartheid and the discrimination of black peoples in the African continent and elsewhere in the world. Moreover, in all of those endeavors, Nigeria is argued to have never benefited from its external relations with states and nonstate actors alike. However, in 1988, Nigeria officially announced its commitment to economic diplomacy, a result of the lingering economic crisis and structural adjustment program at the time. This essentially led to not only certain shifts in the analysis of Nigeria’s foreign policy after 1988, but also a recap that also triggered a review of current policies in the Fourth Republic, which raised the following question: can Nigerian foreign policy be said to be consistent with economic development or does it more or less remain altruistic in character and essence? The focus of this article therefore, is first of all, to explore the connection between foreign policy and economic development, and the role that foreign policy should play in guaranteeing a nation’s development. Secondly, the article further examines Nigeria’s foreign policy in the Fourth Republic (from 1999 to 2013) with a view to noting if there has been any critical shift in Nigeria’s African-centered altruistic foreign policy to that of economic well-being and development. Thirdly, the article is a conscious effort to steer (in case of any laxity) Nigeria’s foreign policy toward economic growth and development and the well-being of the citizenry.

Bending analysis of the multi-phase nanocomposite reinforced circular plate via 3D-elasticity theory

Feng Shao,Yanshang Wang,Abdel Kareem Alzo’ubi,Mamdooh Alwetaishi,Mohamed Amine Khadimallah 국제구조공학회 2021 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.40 No.4

In this article bending response of multi-phase nanocomposite (MPC) filled by circular plates (MPCCP) in the framework of the three-dimensional elasticity model under bi-directional initially stressed (BDIS) resting on non-polynomial elastic foundation for a broad range of boundary conditions is presented. The discrete singular convolution (SS-DSC) based on state-space is provided to evaluate the bending characteristics of MPCCP by considering various boundary conditions. Halpin– Tsai model and micro-scaled fibers have been applied in the hierarchy to anticipate the properties of bulk material of the multiscaled composites. In order to model a disk, singular point has been analyzed. The graphene platelets (GPLs) are assumed to be oriented in random directions and distributed in uniform pattern in the epoxy resin matrix. Then, to provide the influences of primary stressed, elastic substrate and a range of pressure types on the bending behavior of the MPCCP, a parametric analysis has been conducted. Computational outcomes disclose that sinusoidal load is the best pressure for improving the deformation resistances and stress of the nanocomposite circular/annular plates.

Optimization and Molecular Characterization of Exoelectrogenic Isolates for Enhanced Microbial Fuel Cell Performance

( Kingsley Ekene Nwagu ),( Imo A. Ekpo ),( Benjamin Utip Ekaluo ),( Godwin Michael Ubi ),( Munachimso Odinakachi Elemba ),( Uzoh Chukwuma Victor ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.4

In this study we attempted to screen bacteria and fungi that generate electricity while treating wastewater using optimized double-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) system parameters. Optimization was carried out for five best exoelectrogenic isolates (two bacteria and three fungi) at pH values of 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5, and temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45℃; the generated power densities were measured using a digital multimeter (DT9205A). The isolates were identified using molecular characterization, followed by the phylogenetic analysis of isolates with known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. The bacterium, Proteus species, N6 (KX548358.1) and fungus, Candida parapsilosis, S10 (KX548360) produced the highest power densities of 1.59 and 1.55 W/m² (at a pH of 8.5 and temperatures of 35 and 40℃) within 24 h, respectively. Other fungi― Clavispora lusitaniae, S9 (KX548359.1) at 40℃, Clavispora lusitaniae, S14 (KX548361.1) at 35℃―and bacterium― Providencia species, N4 (KX548357.1) at 40℃―produced power densities of 1.51, 1.46, and 1.44 W/m², respectively within 24 h. The MFCs achieved higher power densities at a pH of 8.5, temperature of 40℃ within 24 h. The bacterial isolates have a close evolutionary relationship with other known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. These findings helped us determine the optimal pH, temperature, evolutionary relationship, and exoelectrogenic fungal species other than bacteria that enhance MFC performance.

Optimization and Molecular Characterization of Exoelectrogenic Isolates for Enhanced Microbial Fuel Cell Performance

Nwagu, Kingsley Ekene,Ekpo, Imo A.,Ekaluo, Benjamin Utip,Ubi, Godwin Michael,Elemba, Munachimso Odinakachi,Victor, Uzoh Chukwuma The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.4

In this study we attempted to screen bacteria and fungi that generate electricity while treating wastewater using optimized double-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) system parameters. Optimization was carried out for five best exoelectrogenic isolates (two bacteria and three fungi) at pH values of 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5, and temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45℃; the generated power densities were measured using a digital multimeter (DT9205A). The isolates were identified using molecular characterization, followed by the phylogenetic analysis of isolates with known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. The bacterium, Proteus species, N6 (KX548358.1) and fungus, Candida parapsilosis, S10 (KX548360) produced the highest power densities of 1.59 and 1.55 W/m² (at a pH of 8.5 and temperatures of 35 and 40℃) within 24 h, respectively. Other fungi-Clavispora lusitaniae, S9 (KX548359.1) at 40℃, Clavispora lusitaniae, S14 (KX548361.1) at 35℃-and bacterium-Providencia species, N4 (KX548357.1) at 40℃-produced power densities of 1.51, 1.46, and 1.44 W/m², respectively within 24 h. The MFCs achieved higher power densities at a pH of 8.5, temperature of 40℃ within 24 h. The bacterial isolates have a close evolutionary relationship with other known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. These findings helped us determine the optimal pH, temperature, evolutionary relationship, and exoelectrogenic fungal species other than bacteria that enhance MFC performance.

Optimization and Molecular Characterization of Exoelectrogenic Isolates for Enhanced Microbial Fuel Cell Performance

Kingsley Ekene Nwagu1,Imo A. Ekpo,Benjamin Utip Ekaluo,Godwin Michael Ubi,Munachimso Odinakachi Elemba,Uzoh Chukwuma Victor 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.4

In this study we attempted to screen bacteria and fungi that generate electricity while treating wastewater using optimized double-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) system parameters. Optimization was carried out for five best exoelectrogenic isolates (two bacteria and three fungi) at pH values of 6.0, 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5, and temperatures of 30, 35, 40, and 45℃; the generated power densities were measured using a digital multimeter (DT9205A). The isolates were identified using molecular characterization, followed by the phylogenetic analysis of isolates with known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. The bacterium, Proteus species, N6 (KX548358.1) and fungus, Candida parapsilosis, S10 (KX548360) produced the highest power densities of 1.59 and 1.55 W/m2 (at a pH of 8.5 and temperatures of 35 and 40℃) within 24 h, respectively. Other fungi— Clavispora lusitaniae, S9 (KX548359.1) at 40℃, Clavispora lusitaniae, S14 (KX548361.1) at 35℃—and bacterium— Providencia species, N4 (KX548357.1) at 40℃—produced power densities of 1.51, 1.46, and 1.44 W/m2, respectively within 24 h. The MFCs achieved higher power densities at a pH of 8.5, temperature of 40℃ within 24 h. The bacterial isolates have a close evolutionary relationship with other known exoelectrogenic microorganisms. These findings helped us determine the optimal pH, temperature, evolutionary relationship, and exoelectrogenic fungal species other than bacteria that enhance MFC performance.