Analysis of a discrete-time queue with load dependent service under discrete-time Markovian arrival process

U.C. Gupta,S.K. Samanta,V. Goswami 한국통계학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.43 No.4

In the study of normal queueing systems, the server’s average service times are generallyassumed to be constant. However, in numerous applications this assumption may notbe valid. To prevent congestion in overload control telecommunication networks, thetransmission rates vary depending on the number of packets waiting in the queue. Astraffics in telecommunication networks are of bursty nature and correlated, we assumethat arrivals follow the discrete-time Markovian arrival process. This paper analyzes aqueueing model in which the server changes its service times (rates) only at the beginningof service depending on the number of customers waiting in the queue. We obtain thesteady-state probabilities at various epochs and some performance measures. In addition,varieties of numerical results are discussed to display the effect of the system parameterson the performance measures.

Hepatoprotective activity of Indigofera aspalathoides extract against CCl₄-induced liver damage

Gupta, M.,Mazumder, U.K.,Haldar, P.K.,Manikandan, L.,Senthilkumar, G.P.,Kander, C.C. Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2004 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.4 No.2

The plant Indigofera aspalathoides are used by a large number of tribes in India for the treatment of various hepatic disorder. The methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) was evaluated for its effect on carbontetrachloride $(CCl_{4})$ induced liver damage. Biochemical parameters such as serum glutamine oxaloacetate trasaminase (SGOT), serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum protein (TP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBRS) and glutathione content of the liver were estimated to assess liver function and metabolism. Biochemical observations suggest that methanol extract of Indigofera aspalathoides (MEIA) significantly restored the liver function and metabolism towards normal condition in $CCl_{4}$-induced hepatic damage.

Hygroscopic properties of NaCl and NaNO3 mixture particles as reacted inorganic sea-salt aerosol surrogates

Gupta, D.,Kim, H.,Park, G.,Li, X.,Eom, H.-J.,Ro, C.-U. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.6

<P>Abstract. NaCl in fresh sea-salt aerosol (SSA) particles can partially or fully react with atmospheric NOx/HNO3, so internally mixed NaCl and NaNO3 aerosol particles can co-exist over a wide range of mixing ratios. Laboratory-generated, micrometer-sized NaCl and NaNO3 mixture particles at 10 mixing ratios (mole fractions of NaCl (XNaCl) = 0.1 to 0.9) were examined systematically to observe their hygroscopic behavior, derive experimental phase diagrams for deliquescence and efflorescence, and understand the efflorescence mechanism. During the humidifying process, aerosol particles with the eutonic composition (XNaCl = 0.38) showed only one phase transition at their mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH) of 67.9 (±0.5)% On the other hand, particles with other mixing ratios showed two distinct deliquescence transitions; i.e., the eutonic component dissolved at MDRH, and the remainder in the solid phase dissolved completely at their DRHs depending on the mixing ratios, resulting in a phase diagram composed of four different phases, as predicted thermodynamically. During the dehydration process, NaCl-rich particles (XNaCl > 0.38) showed a two stage efflorescence transition: the first stage was purely driven by the homogeneous nucleation of NaCl and the second stage at the mutual efflorescence RH (MERH) of the eutonic components, with values in the range of 30.0-35.5%. Interestingly, aerosol particles with the eutonic composition (XNaCl = 0.38) also showed two-stage efflorescence, with NaCl crystallizing first followed by heterogeneous nucleation of the remaining NaNO3 on the NaCl seeds. NaNO3-rich particles (XNaCl ≤ 0.3) underwent single-stage efflorescence transitions at ERHs progressively lower than the MERH because of the homogeneous nucleation of NaCl and the almost simultaneous heterogeneous nucleation of NaNO3 on the NaCl seeds. SEM/EDX elemental mapping indicated that the effloresced NaCl-NaNO3 particles at all mixing ratios were composed of a homogeneously crystallized NaCl moiety in the center, surrounded either by the eutonic component (for XNaCl > 0.38) or NaNO3 (for XNaCl ≤ 0.38). During the humidifying or dehydration process, the amount of eutonic composed part drives particle/droplet growth or shrinkage at the MDRH or MERH (second ERH), respectively, and the amount of pure salts (NaCl or NaNO3 in NaCl- or NaNO3-rich particles, respectively) drives the second DRHs or first ERHs, respectively. Therefore, their behavior can be a precursor to the optical properties and direct radiative forcing for these atmospherically relevant mixture particles representing the coarse, reacted inorganic SSAs. In addition, the NaCl-NaNO3 mixture aerosol particles can maintain an aqueous phase over a wider RH range than pure NaCl particles as SSA surrogate, making their heterogeneous chemistry more probable. </P>

Site preference of NH₃-adsorption on Co, Pt and CoPt surfaces: the role of charge transfer, magnetism and strain

Bhattacharjee, S.,Gupta, K.,Jung, N.,Yoo, S. J.,Waghmare, U. V.,Lee, S. C. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.14

<P>Oxidation of Co at the surface poses a major problem in the cyclable use of CoPt, a cost-effective catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. This can be alleviated by attaching a ligand selectively to Co-sites to stop its oxidation without compromising the catalytic activity. Here, we present a comparative analysis of adsorption of NH<SUB>3</SUB> on the (0001) surface of Co in the HCP structure and (111) surfaces of Pt and CoPt alloy in the FCC structure, using first-principles density functional theoretical calculations. While NH<SUB>3</SUB> binds more strongly with the Pt surface than with the Co surface, we find that its binding with the Co atom is stronger than that with the Pt atom on the surface of the CoPt alloy. Our analysis of the charge density and electronic structure shows how this originates from (a) the electron transfer from the minority spin d-band of Co to Pt, and (b) shift in the energy of d-bands and the magnetic moments of Co atoms on the surface of the CoPt alloy relative to those on the (0001) surface of Co. Hybridization of the d-states of Co in CoPt with p<SUB><I>z</I></SUB> states of N in NH<SUB>3</SUB> used to stop Co oxidation also results in improving the charge transfer from Co to Pt that is relevant to the catalytic activity of CoPt. We finally present the analysis of how the interaction of NH<SUB>3</SUB> with the CoPt surface can be tuned with strain.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Oxidation of Co at the surface poses a major problem in the cyclable use of CoPt, a cost-effective catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp05557h'> </P>

Deliquescence and efflorescence behavior of individual NaCl and KCl mixture aerosol particles

Li, X.,Gupta, D.,Eom, H.J.,Kim, H.,Ro, C.U. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.82 No.-

The hygroscopic behavior of laboratory-generated, micrometer sized NaCl and KCl mixture aerosol particles in nine mixing ratios (mole fractions of KCl (X<SUB>KCl</SUB>) = 0.1-0.9) was investigated systematically to observe their deliquescence and efflorescence behavior, obtain experimental phase diagrams for their deliquescence and efflorescence, and understand the efflorescence mechanism. Aerosol particles with a eutonic composition of X<SUB>KCl</SUB> = 0.3 showed only one phase transition during the humidifying process at the mutual deliquescence relative humidity (MDRH) of 72.3(+/-0.5)%, whereas the aerosol particles with other mixing ratios showed two distinct deliquescence transitions. First, the eutonic component dissolved at the MDRH and second, the remainder in the solid phase dissolved completely at various DRHs, resulting in a phase diagram composed of four different phases. During the dehydration process, droplets at all mixing ratios showed a single transition at their efflorescence RHs (ERHs), resulting in a phase diagram composed of two different phases. The minimum ERH of 43.7-43.2% was observed for X<SUB>KCl</SUB> = 0.4. This suggests that short-range ionic interactions and the common-ion effect may substantially affect the mutual solubility of NaCl and KCl at high ionic-strengths, and hence the supersaturation of the salts. Elemental X-ray mapping of the effloresced NaCl-KCl mixture particles at all mixing ratios suggests that more supersaturated salt nucleated homogeneously to crystallize in the center, and the other salt underwent the heterogeneous crystallization on the former.

Analyzing an infinite buffer batch arrival and batch service queue under batch-size-dependent service policy

S. Pradhan,U.C. Gupta,S.K. Samanta 한국통계학회 2016 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.45 No.1

In this paper, we investigate an infinite-buffer queue with batch-arrival and batch-service wherein a single server operates under random serving capacity rule with service time dependent on the size of the batch under the service. First, we derive the probability generating function of state probabilities at service completion epoch, from which an entire spectrum regarding queue-length at various epochs is extracted. Using the departure epoch probabilities, we establish a stable relationship between departure and random epochs probabilities based on ‘rate in = rate out’ approach. Further, random epoch probabilities are used to obtain pre-arrival epoch probabilities. Finally, we illustrate our analytical results by means of numerical computation which includes the case of multiple roots.

X-ray / gamma ray radiation shielding properties of a-Bi 2 O 3 synthesized by low temperature solution combustion method

B. Chinnappa Reddy,H.C. Manjunatha,Y.S. Vidya,K.N. Sridhar,U. Mahaboob Pasha,L. Seenappa,B. Sadashivamurthy,N. Dhananjaya,K.V. Sathish,P.S. Damodara Gupta 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.3

In the present communication, pure and stable a-Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) weresynthesized by low temperature solution combustion method using urea as a fuel and calcined at 500oC. The synthesized sample was characterized by using powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UVeVisible absorption spectroscopy. The PXRDpattern confirms the formation of mono-clinic, stable and low temperature phase a-Bi2O3. The directoptical energy band gap was estimated by usingWood and Tauc's relation which was found to be 2.81 eV. The characterized sample was studied for X-ray/gamma ray shielding properties in the energy range0.081e1.332 MeV using NaI (Tl) detector and multi channel analyzer (MCA). The measured shieldingparameters agrees well with the theory, whereas, slight deviation up to 20% is observed below 356 keV. This deviation is mainly due to the influence of atomic size of the target medium. Furthermore an accuratetheory is necessary to explain the interaction of X-ray/gamma ray with the NPs.The present workopens new window to use this facile, economical, efficient, low temperature method to synthesizenanomaterials for X-ray/gamma ray shielding purpose

Performance of nested multiplex PCR assay targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences for the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis

Pallavi Sinha,Pradyot Prakash,Shashikant C.U. Patne,Shampa Anupurba,Sweety Gupta,G. N. Srivastava 한국미생물학회 2017 The journal of microbiology Vol.55 No.1

The conventional methods for diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN) such as - fine needle aspiration cytology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture have limitations of low sensitivity and/or specificity. So, it becomes essential to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for an early diagnosis of TBLN. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction (nMPCR) targeting MTP40 and IS6110 gene sequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, respectively in 48 successive patients of TBLN and 20 random patients with non-tubercular lymph node lesions. Out of the 48 cases of TBLN, 14 (29.2%) were found to be positive by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, 15 (31.2%) were positive by culture and 43 (89.6%) cases were positive after first round of PCR while 48 (100%) cases were positive by nMPCR assay. The sensitivity and specificity of nMPCR was found to be 100% for the diagnosis of TBLN. The results thus obtained indicate that nMPCR assay is a highly sensitive and specific tool for the diagnosis of TBLN.

Final report for the APMP.T-K4: Comparison of realizations of aluminium freezing-point temperatures

Gam, K S,Joung, W,Yamazawa, K,Cheung, C P,Kho, H Y,Wang, L,Tsai, S F,Norranim, U,Hafidzah, O,Gupta, J K Springer-Verlag 2013 Metrologia Vol.50 No.-

<P>The comparison APMP.T-K4 is the regional extension of the CCT-K4: an intercomparison of the realizations of the freezing-points of Al (660.323 °C) and Ag (961.78 °C). The comparison was organized in two loops and four sub-loops with high temperature standard platinum resistance thermometers (HTSPRTs) as transfer thermometers in the freezing-point comparisons. The comparison involved eight APMP NMIs (KRISS, NMIJ, SCL, NMC, CMS, NIMT, SIRIM, NPL), and KRISS and NMIJ acted as linking laboratories to the CCT-K4.</P><P>The transfer HTSPRTs showed a strong drift during the transportation between the NMIs. In the case of the Ag freezing-point comparison, the comparison results were scattered much more than expected. In the APMP meeting held in 2009, the participants agreed that the Ag comparison results would be omitted in the report. It revealed that the measurement results at the Al freezing-point of participants were in agreement with the key comparison reference value of the CCT-K4 within 4 mK except for one laboratory. Details of the comparison results, the uncertainty evaluation and the drift of the HTSPRTs are described in this report.</P><P>Main text.To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.</P><P>The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).</P>

Comprehensive identification of LMW-GS genes and their protein products in a common wheat variety

Lee, J. Y.,Beom, H. R.,Altenbach, S. B.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, Y. T.,Kang, C. S.,Yoon, U. H.,Gupta, R.,Kim, S. T.,Ahn, S. N. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Functional & integrative genomics Vol.16 No.3

<P>Although it is well known that low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) from wheat affect bread and noodle processing quality, the function of specific LMW-GS proteins remains unclear. It is important to find the genes that correspond to individual LMW-GS proteins in order to understand the functions of specific proteins. The objective of this study was to link LMW-GS genes and haplotypes characterized using well known Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 gene-specific primers to their protein products in a single wheat variety. A total of 36 LMW-GS genes and pseudogenes were amplified from the Korean cultivar Keumkang. These include 11 Glu-3 gene haplotypes, two from the Glu-A3 locus, two from the Glu-B3 locus, and seven from the Glu-D3 locus. To establish relationships between gene haplotypes and their protein products, a glutenin protein fraction was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and 17 protein spots were analyzed by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). LMW-GS proteins were identified that corresponded to all Glu-3 gene haplotypes except the pseudogenes. This is the first report of the comprehensive characterization of LMW-GS genes and their corresponding proteins in a single wheat cultivar. Our approach will be useful to understand the contributions of individual LMW-GS to the end-use quality of flour.</P>