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Vu, Tung Duy,Khac Duy, Pham,Bui, Hoa Thi,Han, Sung-Hwan,Chung, Hoeil Elsevier 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.281 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>NiS is a highly promising transition metal sulfide versatile for a sensor material owing to its superior conductivity and stability, and herein we report its first incorporation into an electrochemical sensor. Because exposure to electrolyte under electrochemical impact can easily deform NiS, thereby decreasing its electro-activity and measurement reproducibility, a strategy for optimally integrating NiS into sensors is critically necessary. For this purpose, NiS was initially firmly affixed to a mechanical pencil lead (MPL) by means of hydrothermal deposition (with the result designated as MPL-NiS). MPL, a commercially available carbon-based material with consistent quality, was adopted to make the sensor cost-effective and easily prepared. Then, to prevent direct exposure of NiS to samples during electrochemical measurement and to make the sensor surface more reactive for wide variety of analytes, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrodeposited on the NiS surface to construct a final structure of MPL-NiS/rGO. In summary, NiS, a <I>p</I>-type semiconductor with positive charge, was effectively composited and sandwiched with negatively charged rGO and MPL by means of mutual electrostatic interaction. When the developed MPL-NiS/rGO sensor was used to separately measure bisphenol A (BPA) and mercury- Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, the sensitivity and sensor-to-sensor reproducibility were comparable with or superior to those of previously reported sensors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NiS is a promising material for electrochemical sensing owing to its good conductivity and stability. </LI> <LI> NiS was integrated with MPL and rGO to build a versatile and cheap sensor. </LI> <LI> For fabrication, NiS was initially deposited on the MPL surface by a hydrothermal method. </LI> <LI> rGO was then electrodeposited on the NiS surface to form a complete MPL-NiS/rGO sensor. </LI> <LI> The sensor showed superior sensitivity and reproducibility in measurements of BPA and Hg (II). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Duy, Pham K.,Vu, Tung D.,Chang, Kyeol,Chung, Hoeil The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 The Analyst Vol.143 No.22
<P>An axially perpendicular offset (APO) scheme based on an axially perpendicular geometrical arrangement of laser illumination and photon detection, enabling spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS), is proposed as a versatile tool for the minimization of the glass background in direct measurements of Raman spectra of samples housed in glass bottles. This strategy is based on the possibility of isolating glass photons from sample photons by properly locating a detector beneath the sample-housing bottle, because glass photons are much more localized near the glass wall while sample photons are widely distributed throughout the bottle. In addition, the curved bottom of the glass vial enabling forming the conical photon-detection volume would be further effective in exclusion of the glass photons in the acquisition of sample spectra. The APO scheme was validated by measuring the Raman spectra of 66% ethanol housed in four glass bottles of different sizes and colors; the measurements were performed by varying the offset distance from 2 mm to 20 mm. The intensity of the glass background decreased rapidly with increasing the offset distance; on the other hand, the variation in the ethanol intensity was relatively insignificant. In all cases, the offset distance of 16 mm minimized the presence of glass background in the spectra, thereby helping to highlight the pure ethanol bands and producing nearly similar sample spectral features regardless of contained bottles. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation were in accordance with the experimental observations, and the suppression of glass photons in the APO scheme was clearly explained and visualized by the simulation.</P>
Age-dependent immune response in pigs against foot-and-mouth disease virus in vitro
( Jae-hee Roh ),( Ngoc Anh Bui ),( Hu Suk Lee ),( Vuong Nghia Bui ),( Duy Tung Dao ),( Thanh Thi Vu ),( Thuy Thi Hoang ),( Kyoung-min So ),( Seung-won Yi ),( Eunju Kim ),( Tai-young Hur ),( Sang-ik Oh 한국축산학회 2021 한국축산학회지 Vol.63 No.6
Foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most contagious diseases in cloven-hoofed animals, causes significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is known to differ with age of the animals. In this study, we aimed to reveal the difference in immunological response in the initial stage of FMDV infection between piglets and adult pigs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 piglets (8 weeks old) and 3 pigs (35 weeks old) that were not vaccinated against FMDV. O-type FMDV (2 × 10<sup>2</sup> median tissue culture infectious dose) was inoculated into porcine PBMCs and the cells were incubated at 37.0℃ under 5% CO<sub>2</sub> for various time periods (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The total RNA was obtained from the FMDV-inoculated PBMCs after each time point, and the virus titer was investigated in these RNA samples. Furthermore, dynamics of mRNA expression of the six tested cytokines (interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in FMDV-inoculated porcine PBMCs were evaluated by time-series analysis to determine the differences, if any, based on the age of the pigs. The PBMCs of piglets contained the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 6 hours post-inoculation (hpi), and the PBMCs of pigs had the highest quantity of FMDV mRNA at 3 hpi. The mean cycle threshold-value in the PBMCs steadily decreased after the peak time point in the piglets and pigs (6 and 3 hpi, respectively). The dynamics of mRNA expression of all cytokines except TNF-α showed age-dependent differences in FMDV-inoculated PBMCs. The mRNA expression of most cytokines was more pronounced in the piglets than in the pigs, implying that the immune response against FMDV showed an age-dependent difference in pigs. In conclusion, within 48 hpi, the 8-week-old piglets responded more rapidly and were more sensitive to FMDV infection than the 35-week-old pigs, which could be associated with the difference in the pathogenesis of FMDV infection among the pigs. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent differences in immune response in pigs against FMDV infection.