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Candidate genes and growth curves for adiposity in African- and European-American youth
Podolsky, R H,Barbeau, P,Kang, H-S,Zhu, H,Treiber, F A,Snieder, H Nature Publishing Group 2007 International Journal of Obesity Vol.31 No.10
Objective:Obesity is associated with multiple health problems and often originates in childhood. This study investigated the association of genes with the development of general and central obesity from childhood into adulthood.Design:Individual growth curves for measures of general adiposity were examined in an 11-year (1987–1998) cohort study. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 11 candidate genes were genotyped.Subjects:Five hundred and twenty-six subjects classified by race (49% African American (AA)), sex (47% male) and socio-economic status (SES).Results:AA female carriers of the 27Glu allele in the ADRB2 gene had a larger waist circumference (P<0.05). Subjects of high SES with the ApoB 4145Lys allele had a larger mean waist circumference than those without this allele (P<0.05). Only in the presence of an adverse environment (low SES) did carriers of the NOS3 298Asp allele have a larger mean body mass index, waist circumference and sum of skinfolds (P<0.05).Conclusion:These results suggest that several polymorphisms are associated with the mean level of adiposity, with the effects depending on other factors such as race, sex and/or SES.International Journal of Obesity (2007) 31, 1491–1499; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803673; published online 10 July 2007
Zabolotnyy, V. B.,Fü,rsich, K.,Green, R. J.,Lutz, P.,Treiber, K.,Min, Chul-Hee,Dukhnenko, A. V.,Shitsevalova, N. Y.,Filipov, V. B.,Kang, B. Y.,Cho, B. K.,Sutarto, R.,He, Feizhou,Reinert, F.,Inosov American Physical Society 2018 Physical review. B Vol.97 No.20
<P>Samarium hexaboride (SmB6), a Kondo insulator with mixed valence, has recently attracted much attention as a possible host for correlated topological surface states. Here, we use a combination of x-ray absorption and reflectometry techniques, backed up with a theoretical model for the resonant M-4,M-5 absorption edge of Sm and photoemission data, to establish laterally averaged chemical and valence depth profiles at the surface of SmB6. We show that upon cleaving, the highly polar (001) surface of SmB6 undergoes substantial chemical and valence reconstruction, resulting in boron termination and a Sm3+ dominated subsurface region. Whereas at room temperature, the reconstruction occurs on a timescale of less than 2 h, it takes about 24 h below 50 K. The boron termination is eventually established, irrespective of the initial termination. Our findings reconcile earlier depth resolved photoemission and scanning tunneling spectroscopy studies performed at different temperatures and are important for better control of surface states in this system.</P>