Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994

Martin Todd 국제인문사회연구학회 2024 Studies on Humanities and Social Sciences (SHSC) Vol.6 No.1

Changes in English Language Teaching (ELT) Textbook Syllabuses in Korea Since 1994 Martin Todd* Abstract: The textbook used in a foreign language course has a profound influence over what material is taught, when it is taught and how it is taught. It provides a structure and a syllabus for the program and may also help train inexperienced teachers. The syllabus of a textbook affects the content, the layout and the order of the materials in the textbook. The author looked at the evolution of university level English conversation textbook syllabuses over the last 30 years to see if there are trends that may relate to what was going on in Korea at that time. He did this by evaluating the syllabuses in sixteen English conversation textbooks he had collected over his time teaching in Korea. In the early 1990s, fueled by globalization, the Asian Games in Seoul and the Seoul Olympics, “English Fever” began to take hold of Korea, affecting Koreans’ perception of English, government policy, and the way English was being taught. The perception was that English teaching was failing in Korea, in large part due to the use of the grammar/translation method of teaching and a new emphasis was put on obtaining communicative competence. The author found some patterns. Notably, that the structural syllabus, although it did not increase in popularity, moved from being a primarily grammar based syllabus to having significant lexical input, probably because of the increase in corpus research enabled by the increasing computer power at the time. He also noted that the skill-based syllabus was used in almost all textbooks and became the dominant syllabus. Finally, he found that the syllabuses, since 2008, have converged, so that syllabuses from different publishers and different years were similar. This raises a concern that stakeholders may be getting complacent about examining the textbooks they have available and about the limitation of textbook choice among teachers. Key Words: Syllabus, Curriculum, Textbook, English Fever, English Language Teaching □ Received: Jan. 20, 2024, Revised: Feb. 13, 2024, Accepted: Feb. 20, 2024* Assistant Professor, Yongin Univ., Email: martinhtodd@gmail.com

MEXICAN-AMERICAN DEMOGRAPHICS IN RURAL ILLINOIS SCHOOLS

Todd Seffrood 한국교육행정학회 2011 한국교육행정학회 학술연구발표회논문집 Vol.2011 No.2

Minimizing the MOLAP/ROLAP Divide

Todd Eavis,Ahmad Taleb 한국정보과학회 2013 Journal of Computing Science and Engineering Vol.7 No.1

Over the past generation, data warehousing and online analytical processing (OLAP) applications have become the cornerstone of contemporary decision support environments. Typically, OLAP servers are implemented on top of either proprietary array-based storage engines (MOLAP) or as extensions to conventional relational DBMSs (ROLAP). While MOLAP systems do indeed provide impressive performance on common analytics queries, they tend to have limited scalability. Conversely, ROLAP’s table oriented model scales quite nicely, but offers mediocre performance at best relative to the MOLAP systems. In this paper, we describe a storage and indexing framework that aims to provide both MOLAP like performance and ROLAP like scalability by essentially combining some of the best features from both. Based upon a combination of R-trees and bitmap indexes, the storage engine has been integrated with a robust OLAP query engine prototype that is able to fully exploit the efficiency of the proposed storage model. Specifically, it utilizes an OLAP algebra coupled with a domain specific query optimizer, to map user queries directly to the storage and indexing framework. Experimental results demonstrate that not only does the design improve upon more naive approaches, but that it does indeed offer the potential to optimize both query performance and scalability.

The Market for Human Rights Law

Todd Landman,Joshua Castellino,David Kernohan 한국국제정치학회 2011 한국국제정치학회 기타간행물 Vol.2011 No.6

Distance-dependent capture probability ofmale Mediterranean fruit flies in trimedlure-baited traps in Hawaii

Todd Shelly,Jon Nishimoto,Rick Kurashima 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3

Many countries operate regional trapping programs for the detection of exotic tephritid fruit flies, which because of their polyphagous habits pose a serious threat to fruit and vegetable crops. Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), relies primarily on trimedlure (TML), a synthetic malespecific lure, yet few studies have measured the relationship between distance from TML-baited traps and the probability ofmale capture, and consequently the detection sensitivity ofmedfly trapping programs is largely unknown. The present study measured distance-dependent capture probabilities for male C. capitata in TML-baited traps using mark–release–recapture procedures. Releases were performed at distances of 25, 50, 100, and 200m at 4 sites in Hawaii, and the resulting capture rates were used to estimate the minimum detectable population size (detection probability N 99.9%) for a trapping density of 5 TML traps per 2.59 km2 (=1 mi2, the density used in California, USA). Capture rateswere similar for 3 of the sites (6.5%, 3.8%, 1.1%, and 0.1% for the 4 distances, respectively) and yielded an estimated minimum detectable population of ≈2300 males, a value similar to that obtained in a comparable study conducted in California. For unknown reasons, capture rates were significantly lower at the remaining site (1.8%, 0.6%, 0.1%, 0.04%) and the estimated minimum detectable population was correspondingly much larger (≈10,000 males). Implications of these results for medfly detection programs are discussed.

BIACCESSIBLE POINTS

Todd, A.R.,Beckenstein, E.,Narici, L. Department of Mathematics 1993 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.33 No.1

"Ministry in Martin Luther and the Lutheran Confessions"

Todd Nichol & Marc Kolden 루터신학대학교 루터연구소 1991 루터 硏究 Vol.13 No.-

Additional measurements of distance-dependent capture probabilities for released males of Bactrocera cucurbitae and B. dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Honolulu

Todd E. Shelly,Jon Nishimoto 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.3

This paper describes a mark-release-recapture study involving males of two economically important fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and B. dorsalis (Hendel), conducted in Honolulu,Hawaii. In each of three residential neighborhoods in Honolulu, we placed two traps, one baited with cue lure and the other with methyl eugenol (male attractants for B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, respectively), in a single tree. For both species, dyed, mature males from recently established laboratory colonies were released 25, 50,100, and 200 m from the traps along the four compass directions, and for B. dorsalis releases were also made 300 m from the traps. For both B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis, the proportion of males captured varied significantly among study areas and among release distances. Averaged over the 3 sites, the percentage of released males captured varied from 14% for releases at 25 mto 0.5% for releases at 200 mfor B. cucurbitae and from 21% for releases at 25 m to 3% for releases at 300 m for B. dorsalis. In general, the capture rates of B. cucurbitae males were similar between California and Hawaii, whereas the captures rates of B. dorsalis males were significantly higher in California than Hawaii for all releases distances tested. Distance-dependent capture rates were used to estimate detection sensitivities for the two species under a trapping regime utilizing 5 cue lure- and 5 methyl eugenol-baited traps per 2.59 km^2 (as currently employed in California) and then compare these sensitivities between California and Hawaii.

Capture of melon flies, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), in a food-baited Multilure trap: Influence of distance, diet, and sex

Todd E. Shelly,Nicholas C. Manoukis 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1

Many countries operate trapping programs to detect invasions of pestiferous fruit fly species (Diptera:Tephritidae). Surveillance relies heavily on traps baited with male lures, which, while highly attractive, havelimited effectiveness, because (i) they are sex-specific and (ii) males of some species do not respond to the lurescurrently in use. For these reasons, detection programs also include food-baited traps that are neither sex- norspecies-specific. Compared to male lure-baited traps, however, few studies have measured the attractiveness offood-based traps. The present study describes a mark-release-recapture study conducted in a fruit orchard inHawaii that measured the attractiveness of a liquid protein hydrolysate-based (torula yeast/borax slurry) trap toadults of the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett). Multiple release points were used at varying distancesfrom a single, central trap to generate estimates of distance-dependent capture probabilities. The potential influencesof sex and pre-release diet on capture probability were also examined. Flies were released at 14 d of ageand were maintained on one of four dietary regimes that offered a protein hydrolysate-rich diet for varyingintervals (i.e., 0, 3, 7, or 14 d, respectively). Recapture rates were similar between the sexes and over both sexesand all diets averaged 3.6%, 3.2%, and 0.6% for release distances of 10, 25, and 50 m, respectively. Pre-releasediet had a significant effect on recapture probability for releases at 10 and 25 m: flies fed sugar only or proteinhydrolysate-rich diet for only 3 d were captured more frequently than flies that had longer access to yeast extractprior to release.

Zingerone and themating success and field attraction ofmalemelon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Todd E. Shelly 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1

Males ofmany Dacina (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacini) fruit fly species are attracted to either methyl eugenol (ME) or cue lure (CL) or its natural analogue raspberry ketone (RK). Recently, the compound zingerone (ZG) has also been shown to attract males of both ME- and CL/RK-responding Bactrocera species, and in the Queensland fruit fly, B. tryoni (Froggatt), males that fed on ZG had a mating advantage over non-fed males. The objective of this study was to determine whether ZG similarly enhanced mating success of CL/RK responding males of the melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) and to assess the relative attractiveness of CL and ZG to Z. cucurbitae males in the field. ZG was provided in 5 different formulations, including that used in the aforementioned work on B. tryoni.Mating trials were conducted in walk-in field cages containing potted plants, and in all cases 80 ZGfed (treated) males competedwith 80 control (non-fed)males formatings with 80 females. Contrary to B. tryoni, ZG did not confer a mating advantage to Z. cucurbitae males: the numbers of matings procured by treated and control males did not differ significantly for any of the 5 ZG formulations tested. A mark-release-recapture study showed that CL-baited traps significantly more Z. cucurbitae males than ZG-baited traps,whichwere, however, more attractive than control traps lacking any lure.