Exploring the Significance and Interpretation of Animal Motifs in Rock Art: A Systematic Review

Tie Zhao(Tie Zhao),Daorina(Daorina ),Guofeng Chen(Guofeng Chen),M. Omer(M. Omer ) 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.1

Rock art has been a subject of fascination for scholars, archaeologists, and enthusiasts for centuries due to its unique aesthetic qualities and cultural significance. This systematic review paper provides an overview of the significance of rock art motifs and their interpretations. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature, we identified common rock art motifs and themes, as well as various interpretative approaches and theoretical frameworks used to understand the meanings and contexts of these motifs. The review also explores variations in interpretations across time and space and discusses the implications of these findings for rock art studies. The results reveal that rock art motifs and their interpretations are shaped by diverse cultural, social, and historical contexts, and that interdisciplinary and community-engaged research is needed to better understand, preserve, and appreciate this unique cultural heritage. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also discussed. This review contributes to our understanding of the cultural, symbolic, and aesthetic significance of rock art and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary perspectives and engagement with local communities in the study and conservation of rock art sites and cultural heritage.

Partial oxidation reforming of biomass fuel gas over nickel-based monolithic catalyst with naphthalene as model compound

Tie Jun Wang,Chen Guang Wang,Tie Jun Wang,Yan Gao,Chuang Zhi Wu,Long Long Ma 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.4

With naphthalene as biomass tar model compound, partial oxidation reforming (with addition of O2) and dry reforming of biomass fuel gas were investigated over nickel-based monoliths at the same conditions. The results showed that both processes had excellent performance in upgrading biomass raw fuel gas. Above 99% of naphthalene was converted into synthesis gases (H2+CO). About 2.8 wt% of coke deposition was detected on the catalyst surface for dry reforming process at 750 oC during 108 h lifetime test. However, no coke deposition was detected for partial oxidation reforming process, which indicated that addition of O2 can effectively prohibit the coke formation. O2 can also increase the CH4 conversion and H2/CO ratio of the producer gas. The average conversion of CH4 in dry and partial oxidation reforming process was 92% and 95%, respectively. The average H2/CO ratio increased from 0.95 to 1.1 with the addition of O2, which was suitable to be used as synthesis gas for dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis.

Educational Methods(아랍어 논문)

Salim Idan Al-Tie 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2006 중동연구 Vol.24 No.2

<Abstract> Educational Methods Salim Idan Al-Tie HUFS Educational methods are becoming very important in the development and advancement era. They are aids for the professors and teachers throughout his educational journey as they make the students happy and more opened and willing to study without boredom. That is why professors and teachers should be keen to provide all the essential educational methods and it is not necessary to be expensive, but rather they can use environmental materials in order to enrich these methods and present them in a special and attractive way, but this doesn't mean that neglecting the technological side while we are in the development era. The professors and teachers should use these methods in their classes and teach their students how to use and deal with them as modernized methods. These professors should deal and present these modernized and renewable and not to just stick to one traditional method in presenting his educational methods but he should always work on improving them. This research came to the following important conclusions: 1- Increasing the efforts concerning how to work with the modern educational methods. 2- Having training courses and workshops for the professors and teachers in order to be always updated on the modern and new educational methods. 3- Effectively applying the educational system using computers in the universities and schools. 4- Applying the Internet in universities and schools in order to facilitate the educational system among students. Finally, I hope that this research has gained the approval of the professors and teachers. Key word: Educational method, educational system, Internet, Application of Modern Technology

Electric-Field-Induced Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Nematic Liquid Crystal

Tie, Weiwei,Yang, Gyu Hyung,Bhattacharyya, Surjya Sarathi,Lee, Young Hee,Lee, Seung Hee American Chemical Society 2011 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol. No.

<P>Effect of electric field and frequency on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) dispersion in liquid crystal (LC) medium has been investigated. At zero field, large MWCNT aggregates are found due to insufficient dispersion throughout the cell under optical microscopy. As the vertical field strength increases gradually, the cluster sizes become smaller, and at above critical field strength, the clusters disappear and are dispersed finally into LC medium. The dispersion of CNT clusters remained stable even after the field is removed. Strong correlation of cluster sizes with field strength was also observed. The dispersion of clusters at above critical field was also confirmed by the light absorption. This robustness of field-induced dispersion of CNTs provides a new method of improving solubility of CNTs in LC medium, which can be advantageous in numerous CNT-LC optoelectronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2011/jpccck.2011.115.issue-44/jp206961a/production/images/medium/jp-2011-06961a_0006.gif'></P>

Facile in-situ synthesis of a zinc oxide crystals/few-layered graphene flake composite for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Tie, Weiwei,Bhattacharyya, Surjya Sarathi,Wang, Yanan,He, Weiwei,Lee, Seung Hee Elsevier 2017 Journal of photochemistry and photobiology Chemist Vol.348 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An efficient mutilayer graphene-based semiconductor catalyst of reduced graphene oxide flakes decorated with zinc oxide crystals (ZnO/RGO) has been successfully synthesized in-situ using a facile low-temperature solution procedure. Zinc acetate was used as a single precursor with dimethyl sulfoxide acting as the mixing agent. The photocatalytic materials were then characterized using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction patterns, as well as Raman, FT-IR, XPS and UV–vis spectroscopies. The ZnO crystals were found covalently boned onto reduced graphene flakes though direct ZnOC path, and this could allow photogenerated electrons quickly transfering from the ZnO to RGO and thereby efficiently lengthened the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers from the ZnO crystals. This result has been further confirmed by surface photovoltage spectrum studies. Compared to pure ZnO, small amount of 0.15mg/ml ZnO/RGO hybrid had exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and reproducible catalytic efficiency onto 2×10<SUP>−2</SUP> mg/ml Rhodamine B dye in consecutive uses. The detailed formation of synthesis and characterization as well as photocatalytic mechanisms have also been explored.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> ZnO crystals covalently modified RGO flakes was synthesized using one-pot solution procedure. </LI> <LI> The charge separation and transfer process was monitored by transient photovoltaic measurement. </LI> <LI> The hybrid catalysts with 0.15mg/ml possess complete degradation effciency of 2×10<SUP>−2</SUP> mg/ml organic dye. </LI> <LI> High efficiency of the hybrid catalyst based on RGO flakes was found to be reproducible. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Graphical illustration of the photocatalytic degradation of RhB over ZnO/RGO.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Laboratory Confirmation of A Suspicious Meningococcal Meningitis Death Case

Tie-gang Zhang,Li-juan Chen,Jie Yang,Zhu-jun Shao,Xiong He,Jing-guo He,Ming Luo,Mei-ping Sun 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.4

A suspicious meningococcal meningitis death case was reported to the Beijing CDC. The blood specimen was analyzed via multi-PCR and MLST. 6 isolates from close contacts were analyzed via PFGE and MLST. According to the results of the above analyses, the cause of this case was identified as a serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis, which, in terms of sequence typing, belonged the ST7 group.

Monthly distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes in a tropical bay

Tie-Qiang Mao,Yan-Qun Li,Hong-Po Dong,Wen-Na Yang,Li-Jun Hou 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.1

Ammonia oxidation, performed by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), plays a critical role in the cycle of nitrogen in the ocean. For now, environmental variables controlling distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microbes are still largely unknown in oceanic environments. In this study, we used real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing methods to investigate the abundance and diversity of AOA and AOB from sediment and water in Zhanjiang Bay. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the majority of AOA amoA sequences in water and sediment were affiliated with the genus Nitrosopumilus, whereas the Nitrosotalea cluster was only detected with low abundance in water. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira dominated AOB amoA sequences in water and sediment, respectively. The amoA copy numbers of both AOA and AOB varied significantly with month for both sediment and water. When water and sediment temperature dropped to 17– 20°C in December and February, respectively, the copy number of AOB amoA genes increased markedly and was much higher than for AOA amoA genes. Also, AOA abundance in water peaked in December when water temperature was lowest (17–20°C). Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that temperature was the most key factor driving monthly changes of AOA or AOB abundance. It is inferred that low water temperature may inhibit growth of phytoplankton and other microbes and so reduce competition for a common substrate, ammonium.

The Molecular Characterization of Serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis Strains Circulating in Beijing

Tie-gang Zhang,Jing-guo He,Xiong He,Li-Juan Chen,Zhu-jun Shao,Mei-ping Sun 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.6

The aim of this study was to characterize the molecular features of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis strains circulating in Beijing, China. Twenty out of 23 strains belonged to ST 4821. The causative serosubtype for meningococcal meningitis was P1.12-1,16-8. All of the strains expressed class 3 PorB protein. Among the five pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns observed, pattern III predominated.

Experimental Research on Seismic Behavior of +-shaped Columns Reinforced with High-strength Steel Bars under Cyclic Loading

Tie-cheng Wang,Xiao Liu,Hai-long Zhao 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.4

500MPa steel bar is a new type of high-strength reinforcing bar applied in China. To investigate the feasibility of using this type of reinforcement in specially shaped column structure, six +-shaped column specimens varying in axial compression ratio and stirrup spacing were tested under cyclic loading. Behaviors in failure mode, shear crack width, bearing capacity, displacement ductility and energy dissipating capacity are studied to evaluate the seismic resistance performance of the columns. Test results show that 500 MPa steel bars can be effectively used as longitudinal reinforcement and provide more significant confinement to core concrete as transverse reinforcement. It is demonstrated by the observed results that expected oversize flexure-shear crack width can be prevented through an appropriate design procedure following the current building codes in China. Reducing stirrup spacing provides better performance in member ductility, crack behavior, cumulative damage and energy dissipation capacity, but has little influence on the bearing capacity; high axial load can offer advantages in bearing capacity, energy dissipating capacity and shear crack behavior, but reduce the member ductility. To predict the behavior of test specimens under cyclic loading, analytical model are implemented in program OpenSees using flexural fiber beam-column element with the consideration of the shear effect. Analytical results have an acceptable agreement with the test results.

An improved combinatorial optimization algorithm for thethree-dimensional layout problem with behavioral constraints

Tie Jun,Jinzhi Wang,Enmin Feng 한국전산응용수학회 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.1

This paper is motivated by the problem of fitting a group of cuboids into a simplified rotating vessel of the artificial satellite. Here we introduce a combinatorial optimization model which reduces the threedimensional layout problem with behavioral constraints to a finite enumeration scheme. Moreover, a global combinatorial optimization algorithm is described in detail, which is an improved graph-theoretic heuristic. This paper is motivated by the problem of fitting a group of cuboids into a simplified rotating vessel of the artificial satellite. Here we introduce a combinatorial optimization model which reduces the threedimensional layout problem with behavioral constraints to a finite enumeration scheme. Moreover, a global combinatorial optimization algorithm is described in detail, which is an improved graph-theoretic heuristic.