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서기원,Duane E. Waliser,Baijun Tian,김백민,박성찬,Steve Cocke,손병주,Masayoshi Ishii 한국기상학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.48 No.2
Variations of global evapotranspiration (ET) and fresh water discharge from land to oceans (D) are important components of global climate change, but have not been well monitored. In this study, we present an estimate of twenty years (1989 to 2008) variations of global D and ET derived from satellite remote-sensed measurements and recent reanalysis products, ERA-Interim and CFSR, by using a novel application of the water balance equations separately over land and over oceans. Time series of annual mean global D and ET from both satellite observations and reanalyses show clear positive and negative trends, respectively, as a result of modest increase of oceanic evaporation (Eo). The inter-annual variations of D are similar to the in-situ-based observations, and the negative trend of ET supports the previous result that relative humidity has decreased while temperature has increased on land. The results suggest considerable sensitivity of the terrestrial hydrological cycles (e.g., D and ET) to small changes in precipitation and oceanic evaporation.
Surface mass balance contributions to acceleration of Antarctic ice mass loss during 2003-2013
Seo, Ki-Weon,Wilson, Clark R.,Scambos, Ted,Kim, Baek-Min,Waliser, Duane E.,Tian, Baijun,Kim, Byeong-Hoon,Eom, Jooyoung American Geophysical Union 2015 Journal of geophysical research. JGR. Earth surfac Vol.120 No.5
<P> Recent observations from satellite gravimetry (the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission) suggest an acceleration of ice mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS). The contribution of surface mass balance changes (due to variable precipitation) is compared with GRACE-derived mass loss acceleration by assessing the estimated contribution of snow mass from meteorological reanalysis data. We find that over much of the continent, the acceleration can be explained by precipitation anomalies. However, on the Antarctic Peninsula and other parts of West Antarctica, mass changes are not explained by precipitation and are likely associated with ice discharge rate increases. The total apparent GRACE acceleration over all of the AIS between 2003 and 2013 is -13.6 ± 7.2 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. Of this total, we find that the surface mass balance component is -8.2 ± 2.0 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. However, the GRACE estimate appears to contain errors arising from the atmospheric pressure fields used to remove air mass effects. The estimated acceleration error from this effect is about 9.8 ± 5.8 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. Correcting for this yields an ice discharge acceleration of -15.1 ± 6.5 Gt/yr<SUP>2</SUP>. </P>
Lee, Yun Gon,Kim, Jhoon,Ho, Chang‐,Hoi,An, Soon‐,Il,Cho, Hi‐,Ku,Mao, Rui,Tian, Baijun,Wu, Dong,Lee, Jae N.,Kalashnikova, Olga,Choi, Yunsoo,Yeh, Sang‐,Wook John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2015 International journal of climatology Vol.35 No.6
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The effects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) under negative Arctic Oscillation (AO) phase on the Asian dust activity are investigated for springs of the period 1961–2002. The spring dust index (DI) describing the monthly frequencies of three types of dust events (e.g. dust storm, blowing dust, and floating dust) exhibits a significant increase in the years of negative AO phase (hereafter AO−) and El Niño, compared with that in the years of AO− and La Niña. Averaged over all observation stations, the spring DI (49.7) during the El Niño/AO− years is higher by 11.4% or 29.8% than that (38.3) during the La Niña/AO− years. We suggest possible physical mechanism that the anomalous large‐scale environments associated with AO− and El Niño are more effective to provide favourable conditions to enhance Asian dust activity. During the El Niño/AO− years, meridional gradients of pressure and temperature over the dust source regions are significantly enhanced by decreasing the geopotential height and warming air temperature that originated from the north and south of source regions, respectively, under the influence of AO− and El Niño. These also intensify the zonal wind shear and atmospheric baroclinicity, thereby producing enhanced cyclogenesis and dust occurrences over the major source regions. At the same time, dust transport paths with the stronger westerly winds are developed by the combined constraints of anomalous cyclone over the Siberia and the Mongolia and anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific, and thus strengthen dust transport to the downwind regions.</P>