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Examining the Non-Linear Impact of External Debt on Economic Convergence
Thai Hong Le,Lan Trinh Thi Phan 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2022 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.37 No.3
This article investigates the impact of external debt on economic convergence in 201 economies from 1990 to 2020. Panel data collected from the fiscal space database of the World Bank are analyzed using the conditional beta convergence framework. Results show that external debt negatively affects growth and there is no evidence to support the non-linear association. However, external debt influences the convergence speed in an inverted-U-shaped fashion. The economic convergence speeds up as the level of indebtedness increases to a threshold above which the convergence slows down as the level of foreign debts continues to increase. We also disaggregate external debt into its six sub-components and discover the non-linear effects of private debts and debts denominated in domestic currency on the convergence process.
An IF Bandpass Filter Based on a Low Distortion Transconductor
Ha Le-Thai,Huy-Hieu Nguyen,Hoai-Nam Nguyen,Hong-Soon Cho,Jeong-Seon Lee,Sang-Gug Lee IEEE 2010 IEEE journal of solid-state circuits Vol.45 No.11
<P>In this paper, a linearity improvement technique is proposed for a low-distortion G<SUB>m</SUB>-C bandpass filter operating in high IF ranges. The proposed transconductor eliminates G<SUB>m</SUB>' value at the output by superposing the opposite non-linear behaviors of two differential structures in parallel. For the bandpass filter, instead of conventional biquad structure, a resonant-coupling structure is adopted for a flat frequency response which is insensitive to process and temperature variations. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the implemented 80 MHz bandpass filter shows a flat bandpass characteristic with 0.1 dB ripple, third-order harmonic rejection of 27 dB, IIP3 of -2 dBm, and NF of 21.5 dB, while consuming 11 mA from 1.2-V supply. The filter occupies the chip size of 0.5 × 0.5 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>
Molecular and Biochemical Properties of a Cysteine Protease of Acanthamoeba castellanii
Yeonchul Hong,Jung-Mi Kang,So-Young Joo,Su-Min Song,H??ng Giang Le,Th? Lam Thai,Jinyoung Lee,Youn-Kyoung Goo,Dong-Il Chung,Woon-Mok Sohn,Byoung-Kuk Na 대한기생충학열대의학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.56 No.5
Minh Tam Le,Hiep Tuyet Thi Nguyen,Trung Van Nguyen,Thai Thanh Thi Nguyen,Hong Nhan Thi Dang,Thuan Cong Dang,Quoc Huy Vu Nguyen The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2023 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.50 No.2
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of physiological intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PICSI) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in terms of the fertilization rate and embryo quality using sibling oocyte cycles. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study collected data from 76 couples who underwent their first cycle at the Hue Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Vietnam, between May 2019 and November 2021. The inclusion criteria were cycles with at least eight oocytes and a sperm concentration of 5×10<sup>6</sup>/mL. Sperm parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF), fertilization, and the quality of cleavage-stage embryos on day 2 and blastocysts on day 5 were examined. Results: From 76 ICSI cycles, 1,196 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were retrieved, half of which were randomly allocated to either the PICSI (n=592) or ICSI (n=604) treatment group. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fertilization (72.80% vs. 75.33%, p=0.32), day 2 cleavage rate (95.13% vs. 96.04%, p=0.51), blastulation rate (52.68% vs. 57.89%), and high-quality blastocyst rate (26.10% vs. 31.13%, p=0.13). However, in cases where SDF was low, 59 cycles consisting of 913 MII oocytes produced a considerably higher blastulation rate with PICSI than with ICSI (50.49% vs. 35.65%, p=0.00). There were no significant differences between the pregnancy outcomes of the PICSI and ICSI embryo groups following embryo transfer. Conclusion: Using variable sperm quality provided no benefit for PICSI versus ICSI in terms of embryo outcomes. When SDF is low, PICSI appears to be able to produce more blastocysts.
Li, Yi,Duy Le, Thai Minh,Nam Bui, Quang,Yang, Hong Yu,Lee, Doo Sung Elsevier 2019 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.226 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, tumor acidity and CD44 dual targeting hyaluronic acid-coated gold nanorods (AuNRs) are investigated for combined chemo- and photothermal cancer therapy. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA) is conjugated with pH-sensitive groups for pH-induced aggregation and lipoic acid for coating of AuNRs. By changing pH-sensitive groups with different pKa values, pH-sensitivity of modified LMWHA can be tuned. After coating modified LMWHA onto AuNRs, biocompatibility of the AuNRs is significantly improved. These LMWHA-coated AuNRs can gradually aggregate under slightly acidic conditions, making them favorable for accumulation at acidic tumor sites. Surface LMWHA allows the nanocomposites to be selectively uptaken by CD44-expressing cancer cells, and AuNRs endows the nanocomposites with excellent photothermal ability. Loading of doxorubicin, a chemical drug, provides the LMWHA-coated AuNRs synergistic cancer cell-killing (<I>in vitro</I>) and tumor growth inhibiting (<I>in vivo</I>) ability. Taken together, these results demonstrate that this multifunctional nanosystem with pH-induced aggregation and CD44 targeting has potential for combined chemo- and photothermal cancer therapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Conjugation of pH-sensitive groups induces acidity-triggered aggregation. </LI> <LI> Surface coating of hyaluronic acid allows selective tumor targeting of nanoparticles. </LI> <LI> Co-delivery of chemical drugs and gold nanorods enables combined cancer therapy. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Bit-Na,Le, Thai-Hoang,Hong, EunSeon,Ahn, Joo-Myung,Kim, Yang-Hoon,Min, Jiho 한국생물공학회 2014 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.19 No.2
This study focused on the effects of different mineral supplements on the ability of Corynebacterium glutamicum to degrade phenol in contaminated soil and convert the phenol into useful amino acids. Three types of minerals including $FeSO_4$, $MgSO_4$, and $MnSO_4$ were added at several concentrations to C. glutamicum culture media containing 1% yeast extract prior to treating the soil samples with 4.24 mM phenol. The reactor was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm for 3 days, and the treated soil was sampled daily and analyzed using gas chromatography for residual phenol and the amino acids produced. Additionally, a plant toxicity assay was employed to examine the fertilization of the phenol-contaminated soil after C. glutamicum treatment supplemented with the three minerals. Our results suggested that among various tested concentrations, $72{\mu}M$ of iron showed a significant effect on the utilization of phenol by C. glutamicum for conversion to amino acids, therefore enhancing fertilization of the phenol-contaminated soil.