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Yasumasa Kawano,Takeshi Nishida,Atsushi Togawa,Yuhei Irie,Kota Hoshino,Norihiko Matsumoto,Hiroyasu Ishikura 대한중환자의학회 2016 Acute and Critical Care Vol.31 No.4
Background: The effectiveness of surveillance to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLE) carriers is controversial during a non-outbreak situation. We performed additional stool cultures for ESBL-E among intensive care unit (ICU) patients already under active surveillance by means of sputum and urine cultures. We aimed to assess the efficacy of stool cultures for screening for ESBL-E in a non-outbreak situation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in an ICU. Sputum and urine samples were cultured for ESBL-E surveillance purposes from January to September 2013 (phase 1). Stool cultures were routinely performed in addition from January to September 2014 (phase 2). Antimicrobial use density values and clinical outcomes were investigated and compared between phase 1 and 2. Results: We identified 512 and 478 patients in phase 1 and phase 2, respectively. ESBL-E were found in the feces of 65 (13.6%) patients in phase 2. The antimicrobial use density values (expressed as defined daily doses per 1,000 bed-days) were not significantly different between the two phases for fluoroquinolones (7 vs. 10, p = 0.376), third-generation cephalosporins (24.2 vs. 29.5, p = 0.724), tazobactam/ piperacillin (44.6 vs. 57.3, p = 0.489), and carbapenems (73 vs. 55.5, p = 0.222). Moreover, there were no significant differences in ICU mortality and length of stay (11.5% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.412, and 9 vs. 10 days, p = 0.28, respectively). Conclusions: Stool culture seemed ineffective in improving the antimicrobial use density of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, clinical outcomes, and ICU length of stay, and is not recommended for surveillance of ESBL-E in a non-outbreak situation.
Eri Kumai,Fuyumi Shimono,Manabu Tanaka,Takayuki Watanabe,Takeshi Hoshino,Satoshi Hosoda,Hiroshi Kanamori,Yuji Fujita 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-
Oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide is one of the promising materials for broad applications due to itsenhanced characteristics owing to the oxygen-deficiency. Development of a mass production process iscrucial in consideration of the increasing demand of this material in industrial purposes. A continuousscrew reactor was employed to the production of oxygen-deficient tungsten oxide. The effects of hydrogenconcentration and the reduction time on the composition of products were investigated. The maximumWO2.72 mole fraction of 0.95 was achieved by optimum hydrogen concentration and reductiontime. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the products indicated the introduction ofoxygen-deficiency. Anisotropic crystal growth in the (010) direction is found in the cross-section observationby Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The displacing value from High-Resolution TransmissionElectron Microscope (HR-TEM) demonstrated the existence of WO2.72. The reaction kinetic was investigatedby thermogravimetric analysis. Estimated activation energy supported the results from the continuousprocess. This work suggests the promising process for the large-scale production of functionalmaterials.