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Nam, Taehui,Son, Sunghoon,Koo, Bonyoung,Hoa Tran, Huong Viet,Kim, Jung Rae,Choi, Yonghoon,Jung, Sokhee P. Elsevier 2017 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.42 No.45
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Various materials and anode structures have been applied to enhance MFC performance. However, their comparative evaluation of performance and electrochemistry has not yet been investigated in detail under a same condition. In this study, a carbon-cloth anode, an anode-cathode assembly, and a brush anode with two different orientations were tested under a same condition for comparative analyses on their performance and electrochemistry, in order to reveal their unique electrochemical characteristics. The brush anode cells exhibited better performance than the carbon cloth cells. The brush anodes showed 41–72% higher maximum power densities, 18–75% higher maximum current density and 24–32% higher optimum current densities than the carbon cloth anodes. The brush anodes showed 25–43 Ω lower anodic polarization resistance than the carbon cloth anodes. The brush anodes showed 1.6–21.2 Ω lower ohmic impedance, 7.7–10.6 Ω lower charge transfer impedance and 9.3–31.8 Ω lower anodic impedance than the carbon cloth anodes. Anodic ohmic impedance was greatest in the carbon-cloth-anode MFC (21.9 Ω), where loose contact between a carbon cloth and a current collector might cause the high ohmic resistance, and large solution resistance in the cell could diminish anode performance due to slow ion transport. In order to improve MFC performance by modifying anode structures, we suggest the followings: 1) an anode should have large surface area, 2) anodic carbon material and a metal current collector must be tightly connected, 3) locating a brush anode closer to a cathode can be important.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The brush anodes produced up to 72% higher power densities than the carbon cloth anodes. </LI> <LI> The brush anodes produced up to 32% higher current densities than the carbon cloth anodes. </LI> <LI> The brush anodes had up to 43 Ω lower anode resistance than the carbon cloth anodes. </LI> <LI> The brush anodes had up to 31.8 Ω lower anode impedance than the carbon cloth anodes. </LI> <LI> Loose electrical contact and slow ion transport might increase anodic ohmic resistance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Taehui Nam,Sunghoon Son,Eojn Kim,Huong Viet Hoa Tran,Bonyoung Koo,Hyungwon Chai,Junhyuk Kim,Soumya Pandit,Anup Gurung,Sang-Eun Oh,Eun Jung Kim,Yonghoon Choi,Sokhee P. Jung 대한환경공학회 2018 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.23 No.4
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an innovative environmental and energy system that converts organic wastewater into electrical energy. For practical implementation of MFC as a wastewater treatment process, a number of limitations need to be overcome. Improving cathodic performance is one of major challenges, and introduction of a current collector can be an easy and practical solution. In this study, three types of current collectors made of stainless steel (SS) were tested in a single-chamber cubic MFC. The three current collectors had different contact areas to the cathode (P 1.0 ㎠; PC 4.3 ㎠; PM 6.5 ㎠) and increasing the contacting area enhanced the power and current generations and coulombic and energy recoveries by mainly decreasing cathodic charge transfer impedance. Application of the SS mesh to the cathode (PM) improved maximum power density, optimum current density and maximum current density by 8.8%, 3.6% and 6.7%, respectively, comparing with P of no SS mesh. The SS mesh decreased cathodic polarization resistance by up to 16%, and cathodic charge transfer impedance by up to 39%, possibly because the SS mesh enhanced electron transport and oxygen reduction reaction. However, application of the SS mesh had little effect on ohmic impedance.
도심 지역과 공단 지역에 서식하는 비둘기의 알, 새끼, 성조의 납과 카드뮴 농도 비교
남동하 ( Nam Dongha ),이두표 ( Lee Du Pyo ),구태회 ( Gu Taehui ) 한국환경생물학회 2003 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.21 No.2
도심 지역인 서울시청 부근과 공단지역인 안산 반월공단지역 내에 서식하는 비둘기의 알, 새끼, 성조를 대상으로 각 발달 단계에 따른 납과 카드뮴의 체내 축적 농도를 비교하고 각 지역의 오염 수준을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 납 및 카드뮴 농도는 뼈, 신장, 간, 허파 등 모든 조직에서 새끼보다 어미가 높았으며, 특히 납은 뼈에서, 카드뮴은 신장에서 현저하게 높았다. 서울의 경우, 납 농도는 알보다 새끼의 뼈 조직에서 약 3배 높았고, 새끼보다 성조의 뼈 조직에서 약 6배가 높게 검출되었다. 카드뮴의 경우에도 알보다 새끼의 신장 조직에서 약 2배, 새끼보다 성조의 신장 조직에서 약 17배 정도 높게 검출되었다. 이와 같이 납과 카드뮴 농도는 모두 알, 새끼, 성조의 발달 진행에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 이러한 경향은 안산 공단지역보다 서울지역이 더욱 현저하였다. The aim of the study was to determine Pb and Cd accumulation and to assess its trends in relation to age categories in feral pigeons from urban (Seoul) and industrial complex (Ansan) areas. This study shows that Pb and Cd concentrations in bone, kidney, liver, and lung increase with different developmental stages in feral pigeons. Particularly, Pb in the bones and Cd in the kidneys of birds were highly increased from chicks to adults. Mean Pb concentrations in pigeons from Seoul were three times higher in chicks than in eggs and six times greater in adults than in chicks. For Cd concentrations, pigeons in Seoul contained two times higher in chicks than in eggs and seventeen times higher in adults than in chicks. It indicates that Pb and Cd concentrations increase with age, and these are apparent to the results in Seoul than in the Ansan colony.
도심 및 공단지역에 서식하는 비둘기의 중금속 축적과 번식 경과 비교
남동하 ( Nam Dongha ),이두표 ( Lee Du Pyo ),구태회 ( Gu Taehui ) 한국환경생물학회 2003 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.21 No.2
본 연구는 도심지역인 서울시청 부근과 공단 지역인 안산 반월 공단지역 내에 서식하는 비둘기를 대상으로 중금속 농도의 차이가 번식 경과에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 수행하였다. 조사 결과, 서울지역의 비둘기의 알 내용물 및 성조의 뼈 조직 중 납 농도가 각각 평균 1.64㎍ wet g^(-1), 29.5㎍ wet g^(-1)으로 안산 공단지역의 1.13㎍ wet g^(-1), 10.5㎍ wet g^(-1)보다 높게 검출되었고(p<0.05), 카드뮴 농도는 서울지역의 성조의 간과 신장 조직에서 각각 평균 1.05㎍ wet g^(-1), 0.24㎍ wet g^(-1)으로 안산 공단지역의 0.43㎍ wet g^(-1), 0.14㎍ wet g^(-1)에 비하여 높은 농도가 검출되었다(p<0.05). 또한 포란 기간은 서울, 안산 지역에서 각각 평균 17.8일, 17.4일로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났고, 새끼의 성장률은 부척, 날개, 체중 등을 측정하였으며 두 지역간에 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 번식 성공률의 경우, 서울 지역은 부화율, 이소율이 각각 65.2, 42.1%, 안산 공단지역은 60.7, 45.0%로 두 지역간의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 조사되었다(p>0.05). 이러한 두 지역간 중금속 농도의 차이는 번식 경과 및 새끼의 성장률에 영향을 미칠 정도의 유의한 차이는 아니라고 판단된다. Abstract - This syudy focused on relationships between Pb and Cd concentrations and the difference of success reproductive progress in urban (Seoul) and industrial complex (Ansan) areas. Results of the Pb analysis for the feral pigeons from Seoul (egg contents: 1.64 ㎍ (wet g^(-l), adults in bones: 29.5 ㎍ wet g^(-l) and the Ansan industrial complex (egg contents: 1.13㎍ wet g^(-l), adults in bones: 10.5 wet g^(-l) showed that the Pb level of eggs and adults is significantly different between the two colonies (p<0.05). Cd concentrations in liver and kidneys of adult pigeons were also significantly different between Seoul (liver: 0.24 ㎍ wet g^(-1), kidney: 1.05 ㎍ wet g^(-l)) and the Ansan (liver: 0.14 pg wet g^(-l), kidney: 0.43 pg wet g^(-l)) colonies (p<0.05). Clutch size of Feral pigeons living in Seoul was similar between the two colonies, 1.9±0.3 in Seoul and 2.0± O.O in Ansan. The length, breadth, and thickness of eggs were not significantly different between the two colonies (p>0.05). Incubation period in Seoul (17.8 days) did not differ from the Ansan (17.4 days). No difference in growth rate (body weight, wing length, and tarsus length) was found between the two test groups (p>0.05). In Seoul, 65.2% were hatching, and 42.1% fledging. The proportion of hatching and fledging in the Ansan was 60.7% and 45.0%, respectively. The significant differences between the two colonies for reproductive success were not found (p>0.05). With regard to the reproductive effects to the heavy metals, the Pb and Cd concentrations found in the two colonies were not as high as those considered in results of toxic effects in other species.