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Kim, T.,Ohata, Y.,Kim, J.,Rhee, C.K.,Miyawaki, J.,Yoon, S.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Carbon Vol.80 No.-
Fe nanoparticle entrained in tubular carbon nanofiber (TCNF) as an effective electrode material for metal-air batteries was successfully prepared. TEM and STM investigations revealed that during impregnation Fe precursor ions penetrated into TCNF tubes through factures between the structural units of TCNF, which were absent in commercial carbon nanotube (CCNT). Thus the location of Fe nanoparticles depended on carbon materials: they were in the TCNF tubes and on the surfaces of CCNT. During repeated voltammetric cycles, the Fe nanoparticles in the TCNF tubes evolved to elongated oxygen-lean Fe nanoparticles, while those on CCNT did to oxygen-rich Fe oxide dendrites. Voltammograms of the modified Fe nanoparticles revealed that a higher overpotential was needed for dendrite formation. On the other hand, impedance spectroscopy also disclosed that the mass transfer of soluble Fe species was much faster in the one-dimensional TCNF tubes than in the three-dimensional open spaces between individual CCNTs. Thus, a low overpotential of the redox process of the elongated Fe nanoparticles and the fast mass transfer of soluble Fe species in the TCNF tubes resulted in an increased amount of Fe involved in charging/discharging process, which accounted for the higher efficiency of Fe nanoparticles on TCNF in Fe-air battery system.
Koga, A.,Kurata, K.,Ohata, K.,Nakajima, M.,Hirose, H.,Furukawa, R.,Kanai, Y.,Chikamune, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.6
From previous studies, there is a strong possibility in buffaloes that the marked increase in blood volume (BV) under hot conditions contributes to heat transportation from the rectum to the skin. The present study was done to clarify changes with environmental temperature on water-shift between blood and extracellular fluid (ECF), heat distribution between the rectum and the skin, and blood flow rates (BFR) at the hind legs (reflecting the skin surface). Four buffaloes and four Friesian cows were successively exposed to three different temperatures of $20^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. BV and ECF volume were measured with Evans' blue and sodium-thiocyanate dilution methods, respectively. Rectal and subcutaneous (as the skin) temperatures were measured by copper-constantan thermocouples. BFR were measured by a supersonic blood flow meter. With an increase in environmental temperature, skin temperature in buffaloes increased significantly than cows, but rectal temperature was not significantly different between two species. BV, especially plasma compartment, increased significantly in only buffaloes, while ECF volume did not change in both species. BFR increased significantly in buffaloes, but not in cows. From these results, the increased of BV may be caused by water flowing from ECF compartment. The water-shift may induce the increase of BFR and skin temperature. It is suggested in the present study that internal changes of blood compartment in buffaloes contribute to transfer of heat to the skin surface.
Polyakov, I.V.,Bolton, R.,Greve, R.,Hutchings, J.,Kim, S.J.,Kim, Y.,Lee, S.H.,Ohata, T.,Saito, F.,Sugimoto, A.,Suzuki, R. Elsevier Science 2014 Polar science Vol.8 No.2
Rapid and dramatic climate changes in the Arctic and the projection of their impacts on lower-latitude regions require careful evaluation, understanding, and use of multidisciplinary, internationally coordinated efforts. The Third International Symposium on Arctic Research (ISAR-3), devoted to these objectives, was held on January 14-17, 2013 in Tokyo, and was an essential step in this direction. The pool of papers that make up this Special Issue provides an insight into the discussions conducted during the ISAR-3 meeting.