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( Shimizu ),( Yoshinori ) 한국수학교육학회 2017 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2017 No.2
The Japanese tradition of Lesson Study has created a teaching community in which observation and discussion of teaching are integral parts of professional practice with particular lexical terms of specific significance. The current study aims to address the terms that Japanese teachers use to describe the phenomena of the school mathematics classroom. The study explores the constituent elements and structural characteristics of the Japanese lexicon, as a part of the international Lexicon Project that aims to document and compare the naming systems in nine participating countries. Each participating team contributed a videotaped lesson to be included in a stimulus package viewed by team members in each country to identify the wellestablished pedagogical terms or phrases of used in the communities. We created a lexicon of 76 terms and their extensive descriptions. An electronic survey was conducted for a national validation to examine how familiar the terms were for the mathematics teachers in Japan. Overall, the terms were very familiar to the respondents, although some terms were somewhat less frequently in use. An evolving nature of lexical terms has appeared through the process of analyses. Issues and challenges in studying local Lexicon are discussed.
meso‐Hydroxysubporphyrins: A Cyclic Trimeric Assembly and a Stable meso‐Oxy Radical
Shimizu, Daiki,Oh, Juwon,Furukawa, Ko,Kim, Dongho,Osuka, Atsuhiro WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2015 Angewandte Chemie Vol.127 No.22
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Treatment of meso‐chlorosubporphyrin with potassium hydroxide in DMSO followed by aqueous work up and recrystallization gave a cyclic trimer consisting of meso‐hydroxysubporphyrin units linked between the central boron atoms and meso‐hydroxy groups. Solutions of this trimer are nonfluorescent, but become fluorescent when exposed to acid or base, since hydrolytic cleavage of the axial BO bonds generates the meso‐hydroxysubporphyrin monomer or its oxyanion. Ring cleavage of the trimer was also effected by reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide to produce meso‐hydroxy‐B‐phenyl subporphyrin, which can be quantitatively oxidized with PbO<SUB>2</SUB> to furnish a subporphyrin meso‐oxy radical as a remarkably stable species as a result of spin delocalization over almost the entire molecule.</P>
Shimizu, Ippei,Minamino, Tohru,Toko, Haruhiro,Okada, Sho,Ikeda, Hiroyuki,Yasuda, Noritaka,Tateno, Kaoru,Moriya, Junji,Yokoyama, Masataka,Nojima, Aika,Koh, Gou Young,Akazawa, Hiroshi,Shiojima, Ichiro,K American Society for Clinical Investigation 2010 The Journal of clinical investigation Vol.120 No.5
Shimizu, Tomoko K.,Jung, Jaehoon,Otani, Tetsuya,Han, Young-Kyu,Kawai, Maki,Kim, Yousoo American Chemical Society 2012 ACS NANO Vol.6 No.3
<P>A two-dimensional fluorinated fullerene (C<SUB>60</SUB>F<SUB>36</SUB>) superstructure has been successfully formed on Au(111) and was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory calculations. Although there exist three isomers (<I>C</I><SUB>3</SUB>, <I>C</I><SUB>1</SUB>, and <I>T</I>) in our molecular source, STM images of the molecules in the well-ordered region all appear identical, with 3-fold symmetry. This observation together with the differences in the calculated lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) distribution among the three isomers suggests that a well-ordered monolayer consists of only the <I>C</I><SUB>3</SUB> isomer. Because of the strong electron-accepting ability of C<SUB>60</SUB>F<SUB>36</SUB>, the adsorption orientation can be explained by localized distribution of its LUMO, where partial electron transfer from Au(111) occurs. Intermolecular C–F···π electrostatic interactions are the other important factor in the formation of the superstructure, which determines the lateral orientation of C<SUB>60</SUB>F<SUB>36</SUB> molecules on Au(111). On the basis of scanning tunneling spectra obtained inside the superstructure, we found that the LUMO is located at 1.0 eV above the Fermi level (<I>E</I><SUB>F</SUB>), while the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is at 4.6 eV below the <I>E</I><SUB>F</SUB>. This large energy gap with the very deep HOMO as well as uniform electronic structure in the molecular layer implies a potential for application of C<SUB>60</SUB>F<SUB>36</SUB> to an electron transport layer in organic electronic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2012/ancac3.2012.6.issue-3/nn300064x/production/images/medium/nn-2012-00064x_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn300064x'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Generalized Vehicle Routing Problem for Reverse Logistics Aiming at Low Carbon Transportation
Shimizu, Yoshiaki,Sakaguchi, Tatsuhiko Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2013 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.12 No.2
Deployment of green transportation in reverse logistics is a key issue for low carbon technologies. To cope with such logistic innovation, this paper proposes a hybrid approach to solve practical vehicle routing problem (VRP) of pickup type that is common when considering the reverse logistics. Noticing that transportation cost depends not only on distance traveled but also on weight loaded, we propose a hierarchical procedure that can design an economically efficient reverse logistics network even when the scale of the problem becomes very large. Since environmental concerns are of growing importance in the reverse logistics field, we need to reveal some prospects that can reduce $CO_2$ emissions from the economically optimized VRP in the same framework. In order to cope with manifold circumstances, the above idea has been deployed by extending the Weber model to the generalized Weber model and to the case with an intermediate destination. Numerical experiments are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and to explore the prospects for future green reverse logistics.
Health Promoting Effects of Lactoferrin from Milk
Shimizu, Hirohiko,Ando, Kunio,Hoshino, Tatsuo Korean Society of Milk Science and Biotechnology 2006 Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology (JMSB) Vol.24 No.2
The ubiquitous presence of lactoferrin(LF) receptor in human as reported by the research group of Prof. Bo Lonnerdal, Univ. California (Suzuki, Y. A.,2001) encouraged us to search for the unknown physiological roles of Lf. Under the collaboration with Prof. Etsumori Harada, Tottori Univ., and his research group, we have found two novel biological activities of LF as the control of the lipid metabolism and the effect on the central nervous system. Relating to the lipid metabolism, LF could, in animal experiments, reduce triglyceride and total cholesterol both in blood and liver (Takeuchi, T et αl., 2003). LF increased plasms HDL-C and lowered LDL-C. In the central nervous system, LF showed anti-nociceptive activity mediated by ${\mu}$-opioid receptor in the rat spinal cord (Hayashida, K. et al., 2003). LF enhanced analgesic action of morphine synergistically via nitric oxide synthesis (Hayashida, K., et al., 2003) LF showed opioid-mediated suppressive effect on distress induced by maternal separation in rat pups (Takeuchi, T., et al., 2003).
Biological Roles of Alternative Autophagy
Shimizu, Shigeomi Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.1
Atg5 and Atg7 have long been considered as essential molecules for autophagy. However, we found that cells lacking these molecules still form autophagic vacuoles and perform autophagic protein degradation when subjected to certain stressors. During this unconventional autophagy pathway, autophagosomes appeared to be generated in a Rab9-dependent manner by the fusion of vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi and late endosomes. Therefore, mammalian autophagy can occur via at least two different pathways; the Atg5/Atg7-dependent conventional pathway and an Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative pathway.