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Hong, Jeong-Yeon,Won Han, Sang,Kim, Won Oak,Kil, Hae Keum Williams and Wilkins Co 2010 The Journal of urology Vol.183 No.4
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded study we sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined use of intravenous ketorolac and acetaminophen in small children undergoing outpatient inguinal hernia repair.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>We studied 55 children 1 to 5 years old who were undergoing elective repair of unilateral inguinal hernia. After induction of general anesthesia children in the experimental group (28 patients) received 1 mg/kg ketorolac and 20 mg/kg acetaminophen intravenously. In the control group (27 patients) the same volume of saline was administered. All patients received 1 μg/kg fentanyl intravenously before incision. We also evaluated the number of patients requiring postoperative rescue fentanyl, total fentanyl consumption, pain scores and side effects.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Significantly fewer patients receiving ketorolac-acetaminophen received postoperative rescue fentanyl compared to controls (28.6% vs 81.5%). A significantly lower total dose of fentanyl was administered to patients receiving ketorolac-acetaminophen compared to controls (0.54 vs 1.37 μg/kg). Pain scores were significantly higher in the control group immediately postoperatively but eventually decreased. The incidences of sedation use (55.6% vs 25.0%) and vomiting (33.3% vs 10.7%) were significantly higher in controls.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Preoperative intravenous coadministration of ketorolac and acetaminophen is a simple, safe and effective method for relieving postoperative pain, and demonstrates highly significant fentanyl sparing effects in small children after outpatient inguinal hernia repair.</P>
Hong, Sung-Deok,Lim, Jong-Seon,Yoo, Yeon-Jong,Kwon, Jung-Tack,Park, Jong-Ryul Korean Nuclear Society 1995 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.27 No.4
The recent ABB/CE(Asea Brown Boveri Combustion Engineering) type pressurized oater reactor-s have the on-line monitoring system, i.e., the COLSS(core operating limit supervisory system), to prevent the specified acceptable fuel design limits from being violated during normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences. One of the main functions of COLSS is the on-line monitoring of the DNB(departure from nucleate boiling) overpower margin by calculating the MDNBR(mini-mum DNB ratio) for the measured operating condition at every second. The CETOP-D model, used in the MDNBR calculation of COLSS, is benchmarked conservatively against the TORC mod-el using an inlet flow factor of hot assembly in CETOP-D as an adjustment factor for TORC. In this study, a technique to optimize the CETOP-D inlet flow factor has been developed by elim-inating the excessive conservatism in the ABB/CE's. A correlation is introduced to account for the actual variation of the CETOP-D inlet flow factor within the core operating limits. This technique was applied to the core operating range of the YongGwang Units 3&4 Cycle 1, which results in the increase of 2% in the DNB overpower margin at the normal operating condition, compared with that from the ABB/CE method.
Yeon Kyung Lee,Ji Eun Kim,So Hee Nam,Sun il Choi,Eon Pil Lee,Hae Wook Choi,Hong Sung Kim,Jae Ho Lee,Young Jin Jung,Byeong Cheol Kang,Jung Sik Cho,Dae Youn Hwang 한국실험동물학회 2010 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.26 No.3
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a technique that a barrier membrane is placed over the bone defect to prevent the cell growth from the connective tissue and epithelium. In this study, in order to determinewhether GBR technique could induce stress in rats, the standardized bone defect in rat calvaria was covered with apatitte membrane. Bone and brain tissues were collected from rats at 3 days, 2, 4, and 16 weeks post-operation, and then alteration of the new bone formation at the defects and stress-related factors were detected with histological examination and Western blot, respectively. From 4 to 16 weeks after the operation, the apatitte membrane was attached to the region of regenerated bone and encapsulated with a thick fibrous layer. Furthermore, the concentration of cortisol, a good indicator of stress, significantly increased 3 days post-operation. However, the increase at 3 days was returned to the basal level in 2 weeks. In Western blot analysis, the highest phosphorylation level of extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) was observed 3 day post-operation, while those of the c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were detected 4 weeks post-operation. Taken together, the results suggest that GBR technique may induce the serious stress on the brain tissue via the induction of ERK phosphorylation during 2 weeks, and that the stress responses restored in 4 week via JNK and p38 signaling pathway.
Improvement of dimensional accuracy of blu-ray disc cover layer
Hong Gue Shin,Chang Yeon Cho,Heon Young Kim,Byeong Hee Kim,Sung Ki Son,Jong Hun Lee,Hae Gon Lee 대한기계학회 2008 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.22 No.1
In order to obtain uniform thickness of a blu-ray disc cover layer, a CFD analysis and an experimental comparison of the cover layer thickness distribution during the spin-coating process were conducted. The blu-ray disc, a nextgeneration optical disc format having 25GB capacity over, consists of a thermoplastic polymer substrate layer which has a thickness of 1.1㎜, a sputtered reflective metal layer and UV polymer cover layer which has a thickness of 100㎛. Especially, the cover layer, which primarily governs the optical quality of the disc, is made by a precise spin coating process. However, it is still hard to get a satisfactory coating uniformity, typically, the thickness variation of the cover layer should be maintained under ±3㎛, because of the unavoidable bump formed around the rim of the disc. In order to improve the dimensional accuracy of the cover layer, first, through the CFD analyses of spin coating process, the optimal spin coating conditions were obtained; and second, the edge of the disc substrate was modified into various shapes, such as chamfer, round, step, the height of the bump can be kept under the desired accuracy.
Rate of Visual Field Progression in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma
Yeon-Hee Lee,Chang-Sik Kim,Sung-pyo Hong 대한안과학회 2004 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.18 No.2
To estimate the rate of visual field progression in primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), we reviewed the medical records of POAG and PACG patients who had a minimum of 5-year longitudinal Goldmann visual field data. I4e and I2e isopters were quantified using grid systems. The rate of change was calculated from the slope of a linear fit to a series of average visual field scores. Twenty-three eyes of POAG patients and 25 of PACG patients were studied. The rate of visual field score change was -2.00 ± 2.0% per year in the PACG group, and -0.81 ± 1.0% per year in the POAG group. In these two patient groups, who were on conventional treatment at two referral hospitals, better visual field on initial presentation yielded faster progression in the POAG group, while the higher average of highest intraocular pressure in each year during follow-up was related to faster progression in the PACG group.
Hong, Yeon-Kyu,Lee, Bong-Choon,Jung, Won-Kwon,Bae, Soon-Do,Park, Sung-Tae,Uhm, Jae-Youl The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.1
Sclerotinia sp. (isolate BWC98-105) causes stem blight and root rot in Leghum sp., and is presently being evaluated as a potential mycoherbicide for the control of Trifoliorium repens. Bioassays have shown that Sclerotinia sp. produces phytotoxic substance which is biologically active against T. repens. Two biologically active compounds, designated as compoundsI and II, were produced in vitro from the culture filtrate of BWC98-105 isolate Sclerotium sp. Compounds I and II were purified by means of liquid-liquid extraction and $C_{18}$ open column chromatography (300 ${\times}$ 30 mm, i.d). To determine the purity, the purified compounds were analyzed by RP-HPLC. The analytical RP-HPLC column was a TOSOH ODS-120T (150 ${\times}$ 4.6 mm i.d, Japan), of which the flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min using the linear gradient solvent system initiated with 15 % methanol to 85 % methanol for 50 min with monitoring at 254 nm. Under these RP-HPLC conditions, compounds I and II eluted at 3.49 and 4.13 min, respectively. Compound II was found to be most potent and host specific. However, compound I had a unique antibiotic activity against phytopathogenic bacteria like bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae) on rice, where it played a less important role in producing toxicity on T. repens. No toxin activity was detected in the water fraction after partitioning with several organic solvents. However, toxin activity was detected in the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. In the leaf bioassay using compound II, the disease first appeared within 4-5 h as water soaked rot, which subsequently developed into well-defined blight affecting the whole plant.
Hong, Yeon-Kyu,Cho, Jae-Min,Lee, Bong-Choon,Song, Seok-Bo,Park, Sung-Tae The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2004 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.20 No.1
White root rot of wild white clover (Trifoliorum repens) caused by isolate BWC98-105 has been first reported in Korea. Typical symptoms on root include water-soaked and dark-brown rot, resulting in complete blight of the whole plant. The fungus grew well at $20-28^{\circ}C$ and produced abundant sclerotia at 10-15 days after full mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar. Sclerotia were brown to dark-brown in color and 1-3 mm in length. When white clover plants were inoculated with mycelial suspension ($10^5$ cfu/ml) of isolate BWC98-105, the plant shoots were killed within 4-6 days and the roots were completely blighted. Sclerotia were also formed on the surface of the root covered with whitish mycelia within 10-15 days in the field. All nine isolates developed high incidences of white root rot disease on white clover seedlings, of which the symptoms were similar to those observed in the fields. Hence, their pathogenicity was confirmed on white clover. The infection rate of the fungal isolates varied from 78.5% to 95.2%, among which BWC98-105 was the most virulent isolate. The weeding efficacy of the fungus was maintained until the following year, leading to a significant reduction of reshooting. The fungus was specifically parasitic to white clover, but not to four lawn species including zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica) under greenhouse test. The fungus also had no response to some Gramineae species including rice, but caused little damage to five species of Leguminosae.