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The architecture of ArgR-DNA complexes at the genome-scale in <i>Escherichia coli</i>
Cho, Suhyung,Cho, Yoo-Bok,Kang, Taek Jin,Kim, Sun Chang,Palsson, Bernhard,Cho, Byung-Kwan Oxford University Press 2015 Nucleic acids research Vol.43 No.6
<P>DNA-binding motifs that are recognized by transcription factors (TFs) have been well studied; however, challenges remain in determining the <I>in vivo</I> architecture of TF-DNA complexes on a genome-scale. Here, we determined the <I>in vivo</I> architecture of <I>Escherichia coli</I> arginine repressor (ArgR)-DNA complexes using high-throughput sequencing of exonuclease-treated chromatin-immunoprecipitated DNA (ChIP-exo). The ChIP-exo has a unique peak-pair pattern indicating 5′ and 3′ ends of ArgR-binding region. We identified 62 ArgR-binding loci, which were classified into three groups, comprising single, double and triple peak-pairs. Each peak-pair has a unique 93 base pair (bp)-long (±2 bp) ArgR-binding sequence containing two ARG boxes (39 bp) and residual sequences. Moreover, the three ArgR-binding modes defined by the position of the two ARG boxes indicate that DNA bends centered between the pair of ARG boxes facilitate the non-specific contacts between ArgR subunits and the residual sequences. Additionally, our approach may also reveal other fundamental structural features of TF-DNA interactions that have implications for studying genome-scale transcriptional regulatory networks.</P>
Current Challenges in Bacterial Transcriptomics
Cho, Suhyung,Cho, Yoobok,Lee, Sooin,Kim, Jayoung,Yum, Hyeji,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Byung-Kwan Korea Genome Organization 2013 Genomics & informatics Vol.11 No.2
Over the past decade or so, dramatic developments in our ability to experimentally determine the content and function of genomes have taken place. In particular, next-generation sequencing technologies are now inspiring a new understanding of bacterial transcriptomes on a global scale. In bacterial cells, whole-transcriptome studies have not received attention, owing to the general view that bacterial genomes are simple. However, several recent RNA sequencing results are revealing unexpected levels of complexity in bacterial transcriptomes, indicating that the transcribed regions of genomes are much larger and complex than previously anticipated. In particular, these data show a wide array of small RNAs, antisense RNAs, and alternative transcripts. Here, we review how current transcriptomics are now revolutionizing our understanding of the complexity and regulation of bacterial transcriptomes.
Applications of CRISPR/Cas System to Bacterial Metabolic Engineering
Cho, Suhyung,Shin, Jongoh,Cho, Byung-Kwan MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.4
<P>The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) adaptive immune system has been extensively used for gene editing, including gene deletion, insertion, and replacement in bacterial and eukaryotic cells owing to its simple, rapid, and efficient activities in unprecedented resolution. Furthermore, the CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system including deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) with inactivated endonuclease activity has been further investigated for regulation of the target gene transiently or constitutively, avoiding cell death by disruption of genome. This review discusses the applications of CRISPR/Cas for genome editing in various bacterial systems and their applications. In particular, CRISPR technology has been used for the production of metabolites of high industrial significance, including biochemical, biofuel, and pharmaceutical products/precursors in bacteria. Here, we focus on methods to increase the productivity and yield/titer scan by controlling metabolic flux through individual or combinatorial use of CRISPR/Cas and CRISPRi systems with introduction of synthetic pathway in industrially common bacteria including <I>Escherichia coli</I>. Further, we discuss additional useful applications of the CRISPR/Cas system, including its use in functional genomics.</P>
Metatranscriptome Analysis of Margalefidinium polykrikoides Harmful Algal Bloom
Sang-Hyeok CHO,Yujin JEONG,Eunju LEE,Sangrak JIN,So-Ra KO,Seung Ho BAEK,Chi-Yong AHN,Hee-Mock OH,Byung-Kwan CHO,Suhyung CHO 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an abnormal algal outbreak occurring in various aquatic environments, destroying the marine industry and ecosystem and damaging humans through the food web. To control HAB, it is critical to understand both the intracellular changes of the bloom-forming algae and their interactions with the symbiotic organisms. Here, we analyzed the metatranscriptome of the HAB comprising Margalefidinium polykrikoides (formerly Cochlodinium polykrikoides) with other bloom-associated microorganisms. Our comprehensive analysis predicted that M. polykrikoides in the HAB preferred propagation through asexual replication rather than reductive reproduction for fast blooming. In particular, the combined transcriptomic expression patterns of increased transcription, translation, mitosis, and asexual division with the decreased meiotic cell cycle genes such as MEI2 were found. The transcriptome analysis of M. polykrikoides analysis also showed evidence of free ferric species exchange under HAB conditions. Through the metatranscriptome analysis during HABs, we analyzed the bacterial community co-habiting with M. polykrikoides during HAB and further suggested potential roles of bacteria such as mutualistic, opportunistic, or even algicidal interactions. Notably, the abundant bacterial species are responsible for ferric ion exchange with algae. Collectively, our results provide a genetic understanding of the bloom compromising algae and algal-bacterial interactions.
( Sang-hyeok Cho ),( Yujin Jeong ),( Eunju Lee ),( So-ra Ko ),( Chi-yong Ahn ),( Hee-mock Oh ),( Byung-kwan Cho ),( Suhyung Cho ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.4
Erythrobacter species are extensively studied marine bacteria that produce various carotenoids. Due to their photoheterotrophic ability, it has been suggested that they play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. It is essential to identify the genome sequence and the genes of the species to predict their role in the marine ecosystem. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of the marine bacterium Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M. The genome size was 3.1 Mbp and its GC content was 64.8%. In total, 2998 genetic features were annotated, of which 2882 were annotated as functional coding genes. Using the genetic information of Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M, we performed pangenome analysis with other Erythrobacter species. This revealed highly conserved secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related COG functions across Erythrobacter species. Through subsequent secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene cluster prediction and KEGG analysis, the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway was proven conserved in all Erythrobacter species, except for the spheroidene and spirilloxanthin pathways, which are only found in photosynthetic Erythrobacter species. The presence of virulence genes, especially the plant-algae cell wall degrading genes, revealed that Erythrobacter sp. 3-20A1M is a potential marine plant-algae scavenger.