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Eoghan Thornton,Pouyan Ghabezi,Calvin Ralph,Findhan Strain,Noel M Harrison 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.5
In this work, the suitability of basalt fibres for uni-directional composite material applications, and adhesionbetween the fibres and the matrix they are embedded in have been investigated. A single fibre fragmentation test was carriedout on 13 μm diameter basalt fibres embedded in a dog-bone epoxy matrix. Photoelastic analysis was used to observedifferent fracture mechanisms in a single fibre composite sample and fibre breaks during testing. A theoretical model basedon a Griffith’s fracture mechanics approach was used to determine the fibre-matrix interfacial shear strength, which is ameasurement of the level of adhesion between the fibre and the matrix. It was also used to predict the fibre fragment axialstress and the fragment interfacial shear stress, both as functions of axial position on the fibre. A finite element model wasdeveloped to simulate the fibre fracture process, and the redistribution of stresses in the fibre and the local region surroundinga fibre break. The developed experimental procedure was successful in that stress-induced birefringence was observed in thetested samples, as well as the characteristic shear stress light fringes that occur in the regions surrounding fibre fractures. Also, there were some similarities between the finite element model results and the theoretical predictions. The critical fibrelength, lc was measured as 0.752 mm, whereas this value was calculated 0.6708 mm from finite element predicted interfacialshear stress distribution for fibre fragment. A combination of all three types of failure modes was recorded across the samplesthat were tested, while only a single failure mode was observed in the finite element model. According to the theoreticalmodel, for a given set of parameters and constant stress with only the fibre length varying, the axial stress in the fibre reducesas the fibre gets smaller.
Pleiotropic Roles of the Msi1-Like Protein Msl1 in Cryptococcus neoformans
Yang, Dong-Hoon,Maeng, Shinae,Strain, Anna K.,Floyd, Anna,Nielsen, Kirsten,Heitman, Joseph,Bahn, Yong-Sun American Society for Microbiology 2012 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.11 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P> Msi1-like (MSIL) proteins contain WD40 motifs and have a pleiotropic cellular function as negative regulators of the Ras/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway and components of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1), yet they have not been studied in fungal pathogens. Here we identified and characterized an MSIL protein, Msl1, in Cryptococcus neoformans , which causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans. Notably, Msl1 plays pleiotropic roles in C. neoformans in both cAMP-dependent and -independent manners largely independent of Ras. Msl1 negatively controls antioxidant melanin production and sexual differentiation, and this was repressed by the inhibition of the cAMP-signaling pathway. In contrast, Msl1 controls thermotolerance, diverse stress responses, and antifungal drug resistance in a Ras/cAMP-independent manner. Cac2, which is the second CAF-1 component, appears to play both redundant and distinct functions compared to the functions of Msl1. Msl1 is required for the full virulence of C. neoformans . Transcriptome analysis identified a group of Msl1-regulated genes, which include stress-related genes such as <I>HSP12</I> and <I>HSP78</I> . In conclusion, this study demonstrates pleiotropic roles of Msl1 in the human fungal pathogen C. neoformans , providing insight into a potential novel antifungal therapeutic target. </P>
Michael L. Alosco,Mary Beth Spitznagel,Gladys Strain,Michael Devlin,Ronald Cohen,Ross D. Crosby,James E. Mitchell,John Gunstad 대한신경과학회 2015 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.11 No.1
Background and Purpose Bariatric surgery is associated with improved cognitive function,but the mechanisms underlying these gains remain poorly understood. Disturbed leptin andghrelin systems are common in obese individuals and are associated with impaired cognitivefunction in other samples. Bariatric surgery has been shown to improve serum leptin and ghrelinlevels, and these changes may underlie postoperative cognitive improvements. Methods Eighty-four patients completed a computerized cognitive test battery prior to bariatric surgery and at 12 months postoperatively. Participants also submitted to an 8-hour fastingblood draw to quantify serum leptin and ghrelin concentrations at these same time points. Results Baseline cognitive impairments and disturbed leptin and ghrelin levels improved atthe 12-month follow-up compared to presurgery. Higher leptin levels were associated withworse attention/executive function at baseline; no such findings emerged for ghrelin. Regressionanalyses controlling for baseline factors and demographic characteristics showed that both decreased leptin and increased ghrelin following surgery was associated with better attention/executive function at the 12-month follow-up. These effects diminished after controlling for the postoperative change in body mass index (BMI); however, BMI change did not predict 12-month cognitive function. Conclusions Improvements in leptin and ghrelin levels following bariatric surgery appear to contribute to postoperative cognitive benefits. These gains may involve multiple mechanisms, such as reduced inflammation and improved glycemic control. Future studies that employ neuroimaging are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms and determine whether the effects of bariatric surgery on leptin and ghrelin levels can attenuate adverse brain changes and/or risk of dementia in severely obese individuals.
Song, Min-Hee,Lee, Jang-Won,Kim, Min Su,Yoon, Ja-Kyung,White, Theodore C.,Floyd, Anna,Heitman, Joseph,Strain, Anna K.,Nielsen, Judith N.,Nielsen, Kirsten,Bahn, Yong-Sun American Society for Microbiology 2012 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.11 No.1
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P> Cryptococcosis, caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Cryptococcus neoformans , is responsible for more than 600,000 deaths annually in AIDS patients. Flucytosine is one of the most commonly used antifungal drugs for its treatment, but its resistance and regulatory mechanisms have never been investigated at the genome scale in C. neoformans . In the present study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis by employing two-component system mutants ( <I>tco1</I> Δ and <I>tco2</I> Δ) exhibiting opposing flucytosine susceptibility. As a result, a total of 177 flucytosine-responsive genes were identified, and many of them were found to be regulated by Tco1 or Tco2. Among these, we discovered an APSES-like transcription factor, Mbs1 ( Mb p1- and S wi4-like protein 1). Expression analysis revealed that <I>MBS1</I> was regulated in response to flucytosine in a Tco2/Hog1-dependent manner. Supporting this, C. neoformans with the deletion of <I>MBS1</I> exhibited increased susceptibility to flucytosine. Intriguingly, Mbs1 played pleiotropic roles in diverse cellular processes of C. neoformans . Mbs1 positively regulated ergosterol biosynthesis and thereby affected polyene and azole drug susceptibility. Mbs1 was also involved in genotoxic and oxidative stress responses. Furthermore, Mbs1 promoted production of melanin and capsule and thereby was required for full virulence of C. neoformans . In conclusion, Mbs1 is considered to be a novel antifungal therapeutic target for treatment of cryptococcosis. </P>
The Irradiation Behavior of Atomized U-Mo Alloy Fuels at High Temperature
Kim, Chang Kyu,Kim, Ki Hwan,Park, Jong Man,Meyer, M . K .,Hofman, G . L .,Strain, R . V . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.7 No.2
Post-irradiation examinations of atomized U-10Mo, U-6Mo, and U-6Mo-1.7Os dispersion fuels from the RERTR-3 experiment irradiated in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) were carried out in order to investigate the fuel behavior of high uranium loading (8 gU/cc) at a high temperature (higher than 200℃). It was observed after about 40 at% BU that the U-Mo alloy fuels at a high temperature showed similar irradiation bubble morphologies compared to those at a lower temperature found in the RERTR-1 irradiation result, but there was a thick reaction layer with the aluminum matrix which was found to be greatly affected by the irradiation temperature and to a lesser degree by the fuel composition. In addition, the chemical analysis for the irradiated U-Mo fuels using the Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA) method were conducted to investigate the compositional changes doting the formation of the reaction product.