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V. Ström,K.S. Kim,B.J. Jönsson,S.C. Yu,A. Inoue,K.V. Rao 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5
We have studied the magnetization in fields up to IT at 5K, the saturation magnetization dependence on temperature and the temperature dependence of AC-susceptibility at very low fields (5mOe to 50mOe) of glassy Fe_(91-x)Zr_7B₂Ni_x (x = 0, 5, 10, 15) alloys. The temperature dependence of the magnetization follows the predictions of spin wave excitations with long wavelengths. At zero Ni concentration there is a clear competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions giving rise to spin-glass behaviour. The addition of Ni drastically modifies the magnetic properties: the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling is reduced and finally disappears, the spin wave stiffness increases from 39.5 to 87.3 meVŲ and Tc increases from 230 K to 478 K. We develop a simple model to quantify the competing interactions and to relate the antiferromagnelically coupled Fe moments to the Ni concentration. We find that the initial susceptibility increases with increasing Ni content along with a decrease of the temperature dependence.
El Reda, Darline,Strö,m, Peter,Sandin, Sven,Oh, Jin-Kyoung,Adami, Hans-Olov,Lö,f, Marie,Weiderpass, Elisabete Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Obesity Vol.25 No.2
<P>Conclusions: The majority of women experienced weight gain during middle age. Population-specific determinants of weight gain should guide obesity prevention efforts.</P>
MAGNETISM OF NANOPHASE IRON PARTICLES LASER EVAPORATED IN A CONTROLLED OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE
T. Turkki,B.J. Jönsson,V. Ström,H. Medelius,M.S. El-Shall,K.V. Rao 한국자기학회 1995 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.5 No.5
Magnetic nanoparticles of iron and iron oxide have been prepared in a modified upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber using pulsed laser evaporation. SEM/TEM studies of these particles reveal a size distribution with a mean diameter of about 60 Å. FTIR spectrum measurements are used to investigate the difference in oxidation level between nanoparticles prepared at different partial oxygen pressures. The complex magnetic behaviour of these particles was studied using DC- and AC-susceptibility measurements. All samples exhibit superparamagnetism with blocking temperatures ranging from 50 K to above room temperature. The coercivity fields as well as the dependence of the blocking temperature on measuring frequency have been studied. Magnetic anisotropy constants are found to be one order of magnitude higher than is known for the bulk values. The mean particle size estimated from the magnetic data is found to be in perfect agreement with the TEM observations.
First Resolution of Microlensed Images
Dong, Subo,Mé,rand, A.,Delplancke-Strö,bele, F.,Gould, Andrew,Chen, Ping,Post, R.,Kochanek, C. S.,Stanek, K. Z.,Christie, G. W.,Mutel, Robert,Natusch, T.,Holoien, T. W.-S.,Prieto, J. L.,Shap American Astronomical Society 2019 The Astrophysical journal Vol.871 No.1
Zá,bori, J.,Rastak, N.,Yoon, Y. J.,Riipinen, I.,Strö,m, J. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.15 No.23
<P>Abstract. The Arctic is one of the most vulnerable regions affected by climate change. Extensive measurement data are needed to understand the atmospheric processes governing this vulnerability. Among these, data describing cloud formation potential are of particular interest, since the indirect effect of aerosols on the climate system is still poorly understood. In this paper we present, for the first time, size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) data obtained in the Arctic. The measurements were conducted during two periods in the summer of 2008: one in June and one in August, at the Zeppelin research station (78°54´ N, 11°53´ E) in Svalbard. Trajectory analysis indicates that during the measurement period in June 2008, air masses predominantly originated from the Arctic, whereas the measurements from August 2008 were influenced by mid-latitude air masses. CCN supersaturation (SS) spectra obtained on the 27 June, before size-resolved measurements were begun, and spectra from the 21 and 24 August, conducted before and after the measurement period, revealed similarities between the 2 months. From the ratio between CCN concentration and the total particle number concentration (CN) as a function of dry particle diameter (Dp) at a SS of 0.4 %, the activation diameter (D50), corresponding to CCN / CN = 0.50, was estimated. D50 was found to be 60 and 67 nm for the examined periods in June and August 2008, respectively. Corresponding D50 hygroscopicity parameter (κ) values were estimated to be 0.4 and 0.3 for June and August 2008, respectively. These values can be compared to hygroscopicity values estimated from bulk chemical composition, where κ was calculated to be 0.5 for both June and August 2008. While the agreement between the 2 months is reasonable, the difference in κ between the different methods indicates a size dependence in the particle composition, which is likely explained by a higher fraction of inorganics in the bulk aerosol samples. </P>
Shinozuka, Y.,Clarke, A. D.,Nenes, A.,Jefferson, A.,Wood, R.,McNaughton, C. S.,Strö,m, J.,Tunved, P.,Redemann, J.,Thornhill, K. L.,Moore, R. H.,Lathem, T. L.,Lin, J. J.,Yoon, Y. J. Copernicus GmbH 2015 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.15 No.13
<P>Abstract. We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. For a variety of airborne and ground-based observations not dominated by dust, regression identifies the CCN (cm−3) at 0.4 ± 0.1% supersaturation with 100.3α +1.3σ0.75 where σ (Mm−1) is the 500 nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and α is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of 1 km horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. ∂logCCN / ∂logσ is less than unity because, among other explanations, growth processes generally make aerosols scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates a doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than a doubling of CCN, contrary to previous studies based on heavily averaged measurements or a satellite algorithm. </P>