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Feeding the extra billions: strategies to improve crops and enhance future food security
Stamm, Petra,Ramamoorthy, Rengasamy,Kumar, Prakash P. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.2
The ability to feed an expanding world population poses one of the greatest challenges to mankind in the future. Accompanying the increased demand for food by the expected nine billion inhabitants of Earth in 2050 will be a continual decrease in arable land area, together with a decline in crop yield due to a variety of stresses. For these formidable challenges to be met, future crops should not only by high-yielding, but also stress-tolerant and disease-resistant. In this review, we highlight the importance of genetic engineering as an indispensable tool to generate just such future crops. We briefly discuss strategies and available tools for biotechnological crop improvement and identify selected examples of candidate genes that may be manipulated so that current biological maxima in yield may be surpassed by comfortable margins. Future prospects and the necessity for basic research aimed at identifying novel target genes are also discussed.
Katrin Willinger,Godoberto Guevara-Rojas,Julia Cede,Kurt Schicho,Tanja Stamm,Clemens Klug 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2021 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.43 No.-
BackgroundToday virtual surgical planning (VSP) is a standard method in maxillofacial corrective surgery and is the key to reach satisfactory esthetic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate usability of three established virtual surgical planning software applications by comparing feasibility, time consumption, and costs in a standardized workflow for a modified intraoral quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy (IQLFIIO). ResultsA cross-sectional study was performed based on retrospective and re-planned data of patients with midfacial deficiency treated by modified IQLFIIO, using three software applications: IPS Case Designer ®, Dolphin Imaging ®, and ProPlan CMF ®. Feasibility: All evaluated steps of the VSP procedure could be successfully performed in all three evaluated applications. In all software packages, it was possible to design the surgical splints with CAD/CAM technology. Working time: The mean value of time needed was IPS Case Designer ®, 36.5 min; Dolphin Imaging ®, 33.6 min; ProPlan CMF ®, 45.5 min. We found statistical significant difference between ProPlan CMF ® and Dolphin Imaging ® (p value, 0.02). Costs: Asset costs for acquiring the software, license fee, license possibilities, paying for support services, and service contracts were evaluated and are found in similar ranges. ConclusionAll three tested software applications are usable for virtual planning of an IQLFIIO and splint production by CAD/CAM technology. Successful movement of bone segments and overlaying soft tissues proved feasibility. Time consumption and costs were found in similar ranges.
( Eric Lawitz ),( Michael Manns ),( Marc Bourliere ),( Sooji Lee ),( Nelson Cheinquer ),( Luisa Stamm ),( Robert H. Hyland ),( Liyun Ni ),( Hadas Dvory-sobol ),( Diana Brainard ),( Mani Subramanian ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: The pangenotypic fixed-dose combination (FDC) of sofosbuvir (SOF), a HCV NS5B inhibitor, velpatasvir (VEL), a HCV NS5A inhibitor, and voxilaprevir (VOX), a HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor, is an salvage regimen for direct acting antiviral (DAA)-experienced patients based on the safety and efficacy demonstrated in Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials in this population. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from 454 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients treated with SOF/VEL FDC+VOX or SOF/VEL/VOX FDC in the Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials. Efficacy was assessed by SVR12 and relapse rates. Safety was assessed by treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities. Results: Of 454 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients treated, 77% were male, 41% had compensated cirrhosis, 86% had NS5A and NS3 baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RASs), 74% had genotype 1 HCV infection. Most patients (53%) had previously been exposed to NS5A inhibitor+NS5B inhibitor, with 39% exposed to NS5A inhibitor+NS3/4A protease inhibitor±NS5B inhibitor and 8% exposed to NS5A inhibitor±another DAA. Overall, the SVR12 rate was 97% with a relapse rate of 2%. The SVR12 rate in patients with compensated cirrhosis was 95% and in patients with baseline RASs was 97%. The SVR12 rates by prior regimen were: NS5A inhibitor+NS5B inhibitor 95%; NS5A inhibitor+NS3/4A protease inhibitor±NS5B inhibitor 99%; and NS5A inhibitor±another DAA 100%. Treatment-emergent RASs were uncommon, present in 3 of 10 patients who relapsed. Only 1 patient (0.2%) discontinued treatment due to an AE. No serious adverse events attributed to study medication were reported. Conclusions: Results in over 450 NS5A inhibitor-experienced patients enrolled in Phase 2 or Phase 3 trials demonstrate that the 3-DAA combination of SOF, VEL and VOX for 12 weeks is a safe, well tolerated and effective treatment for patients who previously failed an NS5A inhibitor-containing regimen, irrespective of the other drugs in the prior treatment.
Mechanisms of paracrine cardioprotection by cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells.
Bader, Andreas Matthaeus,Brodarac, Andreja,Klose, Kristin,Bieback, Karen,Choi, Yeong-Hoon,Kurtz, Andreas,Stamm, Christof Springer International 2014 European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery Vol.45 No.6
<P>Among the mechanisms by which somatic stem cells may improve left ventricular function in ischaemic heart disease are pro-survival stimuli mediated by secreted factors. This phenomenon is frequently referred to, but remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the non-regenerative cardioprotective effects of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CBMSCs) in vitro and sought to identify relevant intracellular signalling pathways.</P>
Shajkumar, Aruni,Nandan, Bhanu,Sanwaria, Sunita,Albrecht, Victoria,Libera, Marcin,Lee, Myong-Hoon,Auffermann, Gudrun,Stamm, Manfred,Horechyy, Andriy Academic Press 2017 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Catalytically active Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles embedded in porous silica support (Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>@PSS) were prepared by using spherical micelles from poly(styrene)-<I>block</I>-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer as a sacrificial template. Drastic increase of the shell porosity was observed after pyrolytic removal of polymeric template because the stretched poly(4-vinyl pyridine) chains interpenetrating with silica shell acted as an effective porogen. The embedding of Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles in porous silica support prevented their fusion during pyrolysis. The catalytic activity of Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>@PSS was investigated using a model reaction of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and reductive degradation of Congo red azo-dye. Significantly, to the best of our knowledge, Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>@PSS catalyst shows the highest activity among analogous systems reported till now in literature. Such high activity was attributed to the presence of multiple pores within silica shell of Au@hollow-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles and easy accessibility of reagents to the catalytically active sites of the ligand-free gold surface through the porous silica support.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
( Edward J. Gane ),( Marc Bourliere ),( Stuart C. Gordon ),( Alnoor Ramji ),( Natarajan Ravendhran ),( Tram T. Tran ),( Rob H. Hyland ),( Jie Zhang ),( Hadas Dvory-sobol ),( Luisa M. Stamm ),( Diana M 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1
Aims: NS5A inhibitors are potent DAAs which are key components of HCV treatment regimens. In combination with other DAAs, NS5A inhibitors provide cure to over 90% of patients. For patients who have failed a regimen with an NS5A inhibitor, there is concern about long-lasting NS5A RASs and currently no approved retreatment option. Sofosbuvir (SOF) and velpatasvir (VEL) are pangenotypic inhibitors of the NS5B and NS5A proteins, respectively, and voxilaprevir (VOX) is a pangenotypic NS3/4A protease inhibitor. This study evaluates treatment with a SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks in patients who previously received an NS5A inhibitor. Methods: Eligible patients received at least 4 weeks of a prior NS5A inhibitor-containing. Those with HCV GT1 were randomized 1:1 to receive SOF/VEL/VOX (400mg/100 mg/100 mg) or matching placebo daily for 12 weeks, stratified by the presence or absence of cirrhosis. Patients of all other GTs were assigned to receive SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks. Those patients assigned to receive placebo were offered deferred treatment with SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint evaluated the superiority of SVR12 to a performance goal of 85%. Results: Of 415 patients enrolled and treated with SOF/VEL/VOX, 76% were male, 80% were white, 46% had compensated cirrhosis, and 57% had GT 1infection. The majority of patients had DAA experience with an NS5A inhibitor given in combination with an NS5B inhibitor, and the most common prior NS5A inhibitor was ledipasvir (50%). Treatment with SOF/VEL/VOX was well tolerated. No serious adverse events attributed to study medication were reported. Overall, 253/263 (96%) of patients treated with SOF/VEL/VOX achieved SVR12, which was superior to the prespecified goal of 85% (p<0.001). High SVR12 was achieved across HCV GTs and regardless of selected baseline factors such as cirrhosisand RASs at any position. Conclusions: SOF/VEL/VOX for 12 weeks is a safe, well-tolerated and effective treatment for patients previously failed an NS5A inhibitor-containing DAA regimen, a group that currently has no retreatment option.