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Motor Evoked Potentials of the Upper Extremities in Healthy Children
Soon-Won Yook,박성희,고명환,서정환 대한재활의학회 2011 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.35 No.6
Objective To evaluate and compare the organization of descending motor pathways to upper extremity muscles among healthy children. Method The healthy children were 16 males and 7 females aged 1-19 years (average, 9 years), and eight healthy adults were enrolled as the control group. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied to bilateral motor cortices, and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded using surface electrodes from the first dorsal interossei (FDI), the biceps brachii (BIC), and the deltoid (DEL) muscles. The onset latency, central motor conduction time (CMCT), and amplitude were obtained during a relaxed state. Results MEPs of FDI were obtained from subjects aged 13 months. Th e frequency of obtaining MEPs in proximal and distal muscles increased with age, although there was a less frequent incidence of obtaining MEPs in the proximal BIC and DEL muscles compared with those in the distal FDI muscle. MEP amplitudes increased with age, whereas latencies were relatively constant. CMCTs showed a similar pattern of maturation, and adult values were obtained by 13-years-of-age. Conclusion These results suggest that the proximal and distal muscles of the upper extremities show different maturation and organization patterns.
Soon-Won Yook,고명환,박성희,서정환,김선준 대한재활의학회 2011 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Epilepsy is an intractable disease, though many treatment modalities have been developed. Recently, noninvasive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), which can change brain excitability, was introduced and has been applied for therapeutic purposes regarding epilepsy. A suppression of seizures was experienced by cathodal tDCS in a medication refractory pediatric epileptic patient. The patient was an 11-year-old female who had focal cortical dysplasia of the cerebral hemisphere. The patient was treated with antiepileptic drugs but the mean seizure frequency was still eight episodes per month. The tDCS cathode was placed at the midpoint of P4 and T4 in the 10- 20 EEG system where the abnormal wave was observed on a sleep EEG. Two mA of tDCS was applied 20 minutes a day, five days a week for two weeks. During a two-month period after treatment termination, only six seizure attacks occurred, and the duration of each seizure episode also decreased. tDCS was applied under the same conditions for another two weeks. For two months after the second treatment session, only one seizure attack occurred, and it showed great improvement compared to the eight seizure attacks per month before the tDCS treatment. The medications were not changed, and there were no notable side eff ects that were caused by tDCS.
Evaluation of Elbow Stretch Reflex Using a Portable Hand-driven Isokinetic System in Normal Adults
서정환,Soon-Won Yook,송철규,고명환,박성희 대한재활의학회 2011 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Objective To evaluate normal healthy persons without spasticity to observe normal findings of the elbow stretch reflex using a newly developed, portable, hand-driven spasticity-measuring system. Method Thirty normal persons without any disease involving the central or peripheral nervous system were enrolled in this study. The portable hand-driven isokinetic system is able to measure the joint angle, angular velocity, electromyographic (EMG) signals, and torque during elbow passive extension-flexion. One set of 10 passive elbow extension and flexion movements was performed for data acquisition at each angular velocity, including 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 degrees per second (o/sec). Electromyographic data were collected from the biceps brachii and the triceps brachii. Torque data were collected from sensors around the wrist. Results We were able to detect EMG activity and torque in all subjects by using the new portable hand-driven isokinetic system. EMG activity and torque increased with incremental increase of angular velocities. The joint angle of maximal EMG activity according to different angular velocities did not show any signifi cant difference (116o-127o in elbow extension and 37o-66o in elbow flexion). The joint angles of maximal torque according to different angular velocities were not signifi cantly different either. Conclusion Using the portable hand-driven isokinetic system on the elbows of normal subjects, we were able to obtain expected results. By considering our normal findings of the elbow stretch reflex using this system, we propose that the various aspects of spasticity-related data can be measured successfully.
Phosphate-Induced Apoptosis in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells in vitro
Park, Jong-Won,Yook, Ju-Min,Ryu, Hye-Myung,Choi, Soon-Youn,Morishita, Masayo,Do, Jun-Young,Park, Sun-Hee,Kim, Chan-Duck,Choi, Ji-Young,Chung, Ho-Young,Kim, Yong-Lim S. Karger AG 2011 American journal of nephrology Vol.34 No.1
<P>Abstract</P><P><I>Background:</I> It has been demonstrated that phosphate uptake through the type III sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporter, Pit-1, induced apoptosis of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. However, the apoptotic effects of high phosphate (HP) level in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) are not known. <I>Methods:</I> To examine whether Pit-1 is expressed in HPMCs, we checked the Western blot assay of immunoreactive Pit-1 and the transcription of Pit-1 by reverse transcriptase PCR. We treated several different phosphate concentrations (1–4 m<I>M</I>) and calcium concentrations (1.8 and 2.8 m<I>M</I>) on HPMCs to assess the effects of concentration. MTT, TUNEL assays, and flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V and propidium iodide were performed to identify cell death and apoptosis. Bax and Bcl-2 by Western blot and caspase-3 activity were evaluated by colorimetric assay. In addition, phosphonoformic acid (PFA) and pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, were given to prevent phosphate-induced apoptosis. <I>Results:</I> Pit-1 expression on HPMCs was demonstrated. Apoptosis in HPMCs significantly increased with a high concentration of phosphate in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and was enhanced in the presence of 2.8 m<I>M</I> calcium. HP concentrations significantly decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increased caspase-3 activity. The treatment with PFA and Z-VAD-FMK prevented cell death by HP. <I>Conclusion:</I> Phosphate uptake through Pit-1 induces apoptosis in HPMCs by a caspase-related mechanism.</P><P>Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>
The Effect of Ageing Time and Temperature on the Strain Ageing Behaviour of Quenched Zircaloy-4
Rheem, Karp-Soon,Park, Won-Koo,Yook, Chong-Chul Korean Nuclear Society 1977 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.9 No.3
The strain ageing behaviour of quenched Zircaloy--4 has been studied as a function of ageing time and temperature in the temperature range 523 to 588 K for a short-ageing time of 1 to 52 seconds. At the test conditions, the strain ageing stress increased with ageing time and temperature at a strain rate of 5.55$\times$10$^{-4}$ sec$^{-1}$ . Applying stress on the Quenched Zircaloy-4, the strain ageing effect indicated following two stages: an initial stage having an activation energy of 0.39 ev considered to be due to Snoek type ordering of intersitial oxygen atoms in the stress field of a dislocation and a second stage having an activation energy of 0.60 ev, due to mainly long-range diffusion of oxygen atoms.
육조영(Cho Young Yook),김원식(Won Shik Kim),이종호(Jong Ho Lee),권순성(Soon Sung Kwon),이한경(Han Kyung Lee) 한국사회체육학회 1996 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.5 No.-
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