Effects of Root Pruning on Adventitious Root Formation, Enzyme Activities, and Hormone Levels in Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Fengdanbai’ Seedlings

Zheng Wang,Gege Su,Songlin He,Liyun Shi,Dan He,Wenqian Shang,Dajuan Yang 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.1

Root pruning during early root development can optimize the root structure of woody plants. To determine the effects of root pruning on tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa), seedlings of the tree peony cultivar ‘Fengdanbai’ were subjected to varying degrees or different styles of root pruning. Various indexes were analyzed, including the anatomical structure of the root, root vitality, the activity levels of antioxidant enzymes, and the contents of endogenous hormones and their ratios. Comprehensive morphological observation showed that pruning freshly germinated roots that are 3 cm long by 1/3 (i.e., removing 1 cm) yielded the greatest rooting rate (90%), lateral root initiation (2.34 per seedling), and subsequent growth. Analysis of physiological and biochemical indicators during the critical rooting period (3-5 days after root pruning) showed that the levels of superoxide dismutase and abscisic acid (ABA) were decreased, while the oxidase activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and indole acetate oxidase and the contents of the endogenous hormones indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), and zeatin (ZT) were increased. IAA plays a key role in the process of adventitious root formation and the ratios of IAA/GA3, IAA/ABA, and IAA/ZT reflect endogenous hormone homeostasis during adventitious root formation. IAA/ABA and IAA/ZT showed higher values in the pruned roots compared to the control roots, which favor adventitious root induction and elongation. These results provide a basis for the study of adventitious root formation in tree peony.

Effects of high moisture ear corn on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows

Shang Songlin,Li Zheng,Li Jiajun,Zhao Xi,Zhang Wenjing,Zhang Xinrui,Bai Jinni,Yang Zhiye,Guo Kaijun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.7

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows.Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period.Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM.Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets. Objective: This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period. Results: The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. Conclusion: High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.

NEW METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINATION OF LOAD SPECTRA FOR THE VEHICLE ACCELERATED DURABILITY TESTING ASSOCIATED WITH THE TIME CORRELATED FATIGUE DAMAGE ANALYSIS METHOD

Jiawei Yu,Songlin Zheng,Jinzhi Feng,Lihui Zhao 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.3

The generation of valid and effective test spectra from proving ground recorded load spectra is critical for automotive durability testing. Traditional methods mostly based on spectrum damage were used to select load spectra. Statistical characteristics of load spectra were taken into account, and a new load spectra determination method based on a concatenation of a multi-section minimum standard deviation spectrum (CMSD) was proposed. The CMSD spectra were created and based on proving ground recorded load spectra. Fatigue damage analyses showed that the CMSD spectra approximated the mean damage spectra and were representative of proving ground load spectra. Subsequently, the CMSD spectra were edited by applying the time correlated fatigue damage (TCFD) analysis method to generate accelerated loading spectra. The spectra editing process of the TCFD was discussed in detail. Validation of the accelerated spectra was conducted from amplitude and frequency domains. The same fatigue damage and identical spectrum properties were retained in the accelerated spectra. A vehicle 4-post testing was finally conducted where the accelerated loading spectra were applied as the target spectra. Several fatigue fracture phenomena occurred during our test, which showed good agreement with the field test. Therefore, the load spectra determination method CMSD associated with the load spectra editing method TCFD were demonstrated reasonable and practical.

Influence of Nocturnal Supplemental Lighting and Different Irrigation Regimes on Vase Life and Vase Performance of the Hybrid Rose ‘Charming Black’

Liyun Shi,Songlin He,Zheng Wang,Wan Soon Kim 한국원예학회 2021 원예과학기술지 Vol.39 No.1

Preharvest conditions, including photoperiod and irrigation regime, affect the keeping quality of long stem roses (Rosa x hybrida). Rose plants of the cultivar ‘Charming Black’ were subjected to four different treatments to investigate how nocturnal supplemental lighting and different irrigation regimes influence post-harvest performance. Vase life, ornamental quality, water balance, petal color, vacuolar pH, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content were investigated in this study. Treatment with nocturnal supplemental lighting extended the vase life and increased the daily ornamental value in cut roses. In addition, flowers grown under nocturnal supplemental lighting and without irrigation had significantly improved flower color and ornamental value and the highest values for soluble sugar content and soluble protein content. Withholding irrigation under supplemental lighting promoted maintenance of the water balance, which prolonged the vase life of the cut flowers. This study illustrates that supplemental lighting is helpful in extending the vase life of cut roses and that a non-irrigation regime under supplemental lighting results in the most promising physiological and biochemical responses.

Clinical use of quantitative computed tomography to evaluate the effect of less paraspinal muscle damage on bone mineral density changes after lumbar interbody fusion

Zhang Xin,Wang Song,Zheng Junyong,Xiao Xiao,Wang Hongyu,Peng Songlin 대한척추외과학회 2024 Asian Spine Journal Vol.18 No.3

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the reliability of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) in measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of instrumented vertebrae and investigate the effect of less paraspinal muscle damage on BMD changes after lumbar interbody fusion.Overview of Literature: Patients always experience a decrease in vertebral BMD after lumbar interbody fusion. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the effect of paraspinal muscles on BMD changes.Methods: This retrospective analysis included a total of 155 patients who underwent single-level lumbar fusion, with 81 patients in the traditional group and 74 patients in the Wiltse group (less paraspinal muscle damage). QCT was used to measure the volumetric BMD (vBMD), Hounsfield unit value, and cross-sectional area of the paraspinal muscles at the upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV), vertebrae one segment above the UIV (UIV+1), and the vertebrae one segment above the UIV+1 (UIV+2). Statistical analyses were performed.Results: No significant differences in general data were observed between the two groups (p>0.05). Strong correlations were noted between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative vBMD of each segment (p<0.01), with no significant difference between the two time points in both groups (p>0.05). Vertebral BMD loss was significantly higher in UIV+1 and UIV+2 in the traditional group than in the Wiltse group (−13.6%±19.1% vs. −4.2%±16.5%, −10.8%±20.3% vs. −0.9%±37.0%; p<0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in the percent vBMD changes in the UIV segment between the two groups (37.7%±70.1% vs. 36.1%±78.7%, p>0.05).Conclusions: QCT can reliably determine BMD in the instrumented spine after lumbar interbody fusion. With QCT, we found that reducing paraspinal muscle destruction through the Wiltse approach during surgery can help preserve the adjacent vertebral BMD; however, it does not help increase the BMD in the instrumented vertebrae.