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Effect of Developmental Lead Exposure on the Expression of Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Subunit mRNA
Kim, Tae-Wan,Chung, In-Sung,Bae, Jae-Hoon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, Joon-Sik 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
목적: in vivo 및 vitro에서 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연 폭로 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 흰쥐 해마 신경세포의 발생단계별 NMDA 수용체 NR2A, NR2B 아단위 mRNA 발현에 대한 연의 영향은 정상군과 연 폭로군의 출생 후 7일, 14일, 22일 흰쥐의 해마에서 in situ hybridization으로 mRNA 발현 정도를 densitometer로 측정하여 비교하였고, 연과 NMDA 의 세포독성은 해마 신경세포 일차배양 후 도립현미경을 이용한 형태학적인 관찰과 LDH 활성도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결과: 연 과 NMDA 에 의한 세포독성에 대한 in vitro 실험에서 형태학적 소견과 LDH 활성도에서 해마 미성숙 신경세포와 성숙 신경세포사이의 차이가 있었으므로, 연과 NMDA 독성효과는 해마 신경세포의 발달 단계에 따라 차이가 있다. 정상군의 해마에서의 NR2A mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나, NR2B mRNA 발현은 출생 후 연령이 증가함에 따라 점진적으로 증가하였으나 NR2B mRNA 발현은 연령의 증가에 따른 변화가 없었다. 연 폭로에 희한 NR2A mRNA 발현은 유의하게 감소하였으나(p<0.05), NR2B mRNA 발현은 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 만성적 연 폭로는 NR2A를 포함하는 NMDA 수용체를 감소시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 결론: 연은 해마신경세포의 발생단계에서 NMDA 수용체 아단위 특히 NR2A mRNA 발현의 변화를 야기하여 시냅스 신호 전달에 영향을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. Hippocampus
Sung Hye Kong,김정희,Sang Wan Kim,정애진,Song-Hee Lee,Sang-Kyu Ye,Chan Soo Shin 대한골대사학회 2022 대한골대사학회지 Vol.29 No.2
Background: A rapid increase in bone turnover and bone loss has been observed in response to the discontinuation of denosumab. It led to an acute increase in the fracture risk, similar to that observed in the untreated patients. We aimed to investigate the effect of denosumab on osteoclast (OC) precursor cells compared to that of zoledronate. Methods: The study compared the effects of denosumab (60 mg/24-week) and zoledronate (5 mg/48-week) over 48 weeks in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. From patients’ peripheral mononuclear cells, CD14+/CD11b+/vitronectin receptor (VNR)- and CD14+/CD11b+/VNR+ cells were isolated using fluorescent-activated cell sorting, representing early and late OC precursors, respectively. The primary endpoint was the changes in OC precursors after 48 weeks of treatment. Results: Among the 23 patients, 11 were assigned to the denosumab group and 12 to the zoledronate group (mean age, 69 years). After 48 weeks, the changes in OC precursors were similar between and within the groups. Serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen levels were inversely correlated with OC precursor levels after denosumab treatment (r=-0.72, P<0.001). Lumbar spine, femur neck, and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) increased in both groups. Lumbar spine BMD increased more significantly in the denosumab group than in the zoledronate group. Conclusions: Denosumab and zoledronate treatments induced similar changes in OC precursors. During denosumab treatment, old age and suppressed bone turnover were associated with increased OC precursor cell populations. Further validation studies with prospective designs are required.
Shin, Dong Hoon,Lin, Haiyue,Zheng, Haifeng,Kim, Kyung Su,Kim, Jin Young,Chun, Yang Sook,Park, Jong Wan,Nam, Joo Hyun,Kim, Woo Kyung,Zhang, Yin Hua,Kim, Sung Joon American Association of Immunologists 2014 Journal of Immunology Vol. No.
<P>The general consensus is that immune cells are exposed to physiological hypoxia in vivo (PhyO(2),2-5% P-O2). However, functional studies of B cells in hypoxic conditions are sparse. Recently, we reported the expression in mouse B cells of TASK-2, a member of pH-sensitive two-pore domain K+ channels with background activity. In this study, we investigated the response of K+ channels to sustained PhyO(2) (sustained hypoxia [SH], 3% P-O2 for 24 h) in WEHI-231 mouse B cells. SH induced voltage-independent background K+ conductance (SH-K-bg) and hyperpolarized the membrane potential. The pH sensitivity and the single-channel conductance of SH-K-bg were consistent with those of TASK-2. Immunoblotting assay results showed that SH significantly increased plasma membrane expressions of TASK-2. Conversely, SH failed to induce any current following small interfering (si)TASK-2 transfection. Similar hypoxic upregulation of TASK-2 was also observed in splenic primary B cells. Mechanistically, upregulation of TASK-2 by SH was prevented by si hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) transfection or by YC-1, a pharmacological HIF-la inhibitor. In addition, TASK-2 current was increased in WEHI-231 cells overexpressed with 02-resistant HIF-1 alpha. Importantly, [Ca2+](c) increment in response to BCR stimulation was significantly higher in SH-exposed B cells, which was abolished by high K+-induced depolarization or by siTASK-2 transfection. The data demonstrate that TASK-2 is upregulated under hypoxia via HIF-1 alpha dependent manner in B cells. This is functionally important in maintaining the negative membrane potential and providing electrical driving force to control Ca2+ influx.</P>
Carbon-Nanotube-Embedded Hydrogel Sheets for Engineering Cardiac Constructs and Bioactuators
Shin, Su Ryon,Jung, Sung Mi,Zalabany, Momen,Kim, Keekyoung,Zorlutuna, Pinar,Kim, Sang bok,Nikkhah, Mehdi,Khabiry, Masoud,Azize, Mohamed,Kong, Jing,Wan, Kai-tak,Palacios, Tomas,Dokmeci, Mehmet R.,Bae, American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.3
<P>We engineered functional cardiac patches by seeding neonatal rat cardiomyocytes onto carbon nanotube (CNT)-incorporated photo-cross-linkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels. The resulting cardiac constructs showed excellent mechanical integrity and advanced electrophysiological functions. Specifically, myocardial tissues cultured on 50 μm thick CNT-GelMA showed 3 times higher spontaneous synchronous beating rates and 85% lower excitation threshold, compared to those cultured on pristine GelMA hydrogels. Our results indicate that the electrically conductive and nanofibrous networks formed by CNTs within a porous gelatin framework are the key characteristics of CNT-GelMA leading to improved cardiac cell adhesion, organization, and cell–cell coupling. Centimeter-scale patches were released from glass substrates to form 3D biohybrid actuators, which showed controllable linear cyclic contraction/extension, pumping, and swimming actuations. In addition, we demonstrate for the first time that cardiac tissues cultured on CNT-GelMA resist damage by a model cardiac inhibitor as well as a cytotoxic compound. Therefore, incorporation of CNTs into gelatin, and potentially other biomaterials, could be useful in creating multifunctional cardiac scaffolds for both therapeutic purposes and <I>in vitro</I> studies. These hybrid materials could also be used for neuron and other muscle cells to create tissue constructs with improved organization, electroactivity, and mechanical integrity.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-3/nn305559j/production/images/medium/nn-2012-05559j_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn305559j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Shin, Dongguen,Kang, Donghee,Lee, Jae-Bok,Ahn, Jong-Hyun,Cho, Il-Wook,Ryu, Mee-Yi,Cho, Sang Wan,Jung, Na Eun,Lee, Hyunbok,Yi, Yeonjin American Chemical Society 2019 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.11 No.18
<P>The interfacial properties of organolead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) affect the exciton and charge-transport dynamics significantly. Thus, proper modification of the interfaces between perovskite and charge-transport layers is an efficient method to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs. In this work, we explore the effect of a nonionic surfactant, that is, Triton X-100 (TX) additive, in the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hole-transport layer. The electronic structure of TX-modified PEDOT:PSS is investigated with ultraviolet/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy with various TX concentrations. The surface of the TX-modified PEDOT:PSS layer showed high TX content, and thus the semimetallic properties of PEDOT:PSS were suppressed conspicuously by its insulating nature. With the TX-modified PEDOT:PSS, the PCE of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<SUB>3</SUB>) PSCs increased significantly. To elucidate the origin of the improved device performance, the electrical properties and photoluminescence were investigated comprehensively. Consequently, it was found that the TX additive inhibits interface recombination between PEDOT:PSS and MAPbI<SUB>3</SUB>, which is caused by the suppression of semimetallic properties of the PEDOT:PSS surface. Hence, we fabricated flexible PSCs successfully using a graphene electrode and TX-modified PEDOT:PSS.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Shin, Jeong-Kyu,Jeong, Young-Taek,Jo, Hyun-Cheol,Kang, Min-Young,Chang, In-Suk,Baek, Jong-Chul,Park, Ji-Kwon,Lee, Soon-Ae,Lee, Jong-Hak,Choi, Wan-Sung,Paik, Won-Young Blackwell Publishing Asia 2009 JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH -TO Vol.35 No.5
<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims: </P><P>Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a well-known stress response protein that is characterized by its phosphorylative capacity. Hsp27 becomes phosphorylated in response to various stimuli through interaction with several different kinases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Hsp27 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK], and c-Jun N-terminal kinase) in the human placenta derived from patients with pre-eclampsia.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>Western blot analysis was used to examine the levels of expression of Hsp27 and MAPK (p38, ERK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Immunoprecipitation analysis was used to determine the interaction between Hsp27 and MAPK (p38 and ERK).</P><P>Results: </P><P>Western blotting analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of Hsp27 and p-Hsp27 in the placental tissues of the pre-eclampsia group were significantly higher than that in the normal pregnancy group. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the interaction between Hsp27 and MAPK (p38 and ERK) was significantly increased in the pre-eclamptic placenta tissues.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>The interaction between Hsp27 and MAPK was increased, suggesting that phosphorylation of Hsp27 might be induced by p38 and ERK in placentas from patients with pre-eclampsia.</P>
Optimal First-Line Therapy for Acute Low-Tone Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Shin Seung-Ho,Byun Sung Wan,Park Sohl,Kim Eun Hye,Kim Min Woo,이호윤 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.4
Background and Objectives: We aimed to analyze treatment outcomes following different initial management approaches and confirm treatment regimens for acute low-tone sensorineural hearing loss (ALHL) that would yield the best results.Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 106 patients with ALHL who visited a university hospital’s otology clinic from March 2013 to June 2019. Pure-tone averages at the initial visit and at 2 and 4 weeks after the initial visit were evaluated.Results: Forty-nine patients were enrolled in this study; of them, 41 (83.7%) exhibited complete recovery (CR) at 2 weeks and 43 (87.8%) exhibited CR at 1 month after the initial visit. Regression analysis revealed that CR at 2 weeks after the initial visit was associated with diuretic use [Exp(B): 10.309, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.007-100]. An initial daily low-dose steroid use was marginally significant [Exp(B): 1.042, 95% CI: 0.997-1.092; p=0.066]. Isolated diuretic use [Exp(B): 25.641, 95% CI: 1.121-90.909; p=0.039] was an independent, good prognostic factor at 1 month after the initial visit. However, other treatment regimens did not affect the final results.Conclusions: A combination of initial daily administration of ≤30 mg prednisolone plus diuretics was sufficient as the first-line treatment for ALHL. High-dose steroids and salvage intratympanic steroid injections can be applied as a second choice; however, the predicted outcome would not be good in that case.