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A Novel Retron of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Is Closely Related to Retron-Vc95 of Vibrio cholerae
Toshi Shimamoto,Ashraf M. Ahmed,Tadashi Shimamoto 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3
Some bacteria produce a satellite RNA-DNA complex termed msDNA, multicopy single-stranded DNA. In this report, msDNA from Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a cause of acute gastroenteritis, was identified and named msDNA-Vp96. The retron element containing the ret gene, encoding the reverse transcriptase (RT) that is responsible for msDNA production, was cloned and characterized. Comparison of msDNAVp96 and msDNA-Vc95, from Vibrio cholerae, showed a high level of sequence similarity. We exchanged the two ret genes to examine whether msDNA was produced by the RT from different sources. We found that RT-Vp96 of V. parahaemolyticus was able to synthesize msDNA-Vc95 of V. cholerae and vice versa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that RT from different bacterial species can synthesize msDNA.
Shimamoto, Yuko,Nomura, Naofumi,Takaso, Tokushiro,Setoguchi, Andhiroaki The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2011 Weed Biology and Management Vol.11 No.3
The invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic species is a major threat to biodiversity on a local, regional, and global scale. Endemic island flora are particularly vulnerable to invasive species. Bidens pilosa var. radiata is a common invasive weed of roadsides, which are subject to clipping, on Japanese subtropical islands. To assess compensation by the weed to damage by clipping, a pot experiment was conducted under common garden conditions. The above-ground parts were clipped with pruning shears at various frequencies, ranging from no clipping (the control) to clipping at 4-16 week intervals for 32 weeks in summer. The clipped individuals regenerated new branches from the axillary buds and flowered for ${\leq}12$ weeks after the clipping. The regeneration after the clipping gave rise to secondary reproduction, whereas minimal regeneration occurred in the unclipped individuals after the maturation of the fruit. Consequently, the total flower head mass, represented by the dry weight of the inflorescences throughout the experiment, was higher on the individuals that were clipped at 12 and 16 week intervals than on the unclipped individuals, suggesting overcompensation in fecundity. At the higher frequencies of above-ground clipping, the flower head mass was suppressed at 8 week clipping intervals, while both the flower head mass and the productive biomass were suppressed at 4 week clipping intervals. This indicates that clipping at intervals of ${\leq}8$ weeks is required to prevent the reproduction of this weed.
Damage Evaluation Using Magnetic Properties in Stainless Steels under Biaxial Stress
Shimamoto, Akira,Ohkawara, Hiroshi,Yang, Sung-mo,Choi, Dae-kue,Akamatsu, Satoshi The Japan Institute of Metals 2008 MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS Vol.49 No.3
<P>Various stainless steels were investigated to examine the new NDE technique. The new NDE technique did not depend on either magnetization or demagnetization of materials. The magnetic flux caused by stress concentration in stainless steels was examined with the ultra sensitive magnetic flux density meter. Tensile and biaxial fatigue tests were conducted to observe the magnetic flux leakage. Results from biaxial fatigue tests indicated that the measured magnetic flux curves had local periodical cycles with global increasing tendencies. The defect evaluation would be possible by comparing the flux density value at the stress concentration regions with that of other areas.</P>
INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF DUST AROUND HELIUM NOVA V445 PUPPIS
SAYAKA SHIMAMOTO,ITSUKI SAKON,TAKASHI ONAKA,Fumihiko Usui,TAKAFUMI OOTSUBO,YASUO DOI,RYOU OHSAWA,DAISUKE ISHIHARA 한국천문학회 2017 天文學論叢 Vol.32 No.1
We detected bright mid- to far-infrared emission from the helium nova V445 Puppis in the AKARI all-sky survey data taken in 2006. Assuming an optically thin condition, we decomposed the spectral energy distribution (SED) of V445 Puppis in October 2006 by model fitting and found that the SED can be explained by a combination of cold amorphous carbon (125~K and the mass of $4.5^{+6.6}_{-2.7}\times 10^{-4} ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$) and warm amorphous carbon (250~K and the mass of $1.8^{+1.0}_{-0.5}\times 10^{-5} ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$). Assuming that the former is pre-existing dust formed in the past nova outbursts and the latter is newly formed dust in December 2000's nova wind, this result suggests that the amount of dust formed around V445 Puppis in a single outburst is larger than $10^{-5} ~{\rm M}_{\odot}$, which is larger than those in any other classical novae ever reported.
Henry A. Wallace and America' Atomic Policy, 1941-1946
Mayako Shimamoto 한국아메리카학회 2013 美國學論集 Vol.45 No.1
Henry A. Wallace was trusted during the war years for his scientific skills in his Vice Presidency, by not only President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) but also scientific administrator Vannevar Bush. This led him to share atomic information with scientists, notably theoretical physicists. After the detonation of two atomic bombs, he became an earnest supporter of the plan that proposed to control atomic energy with the Kremlin, as he believed that a possible arms race would never be prevented without Soviet partnership. His idea, however, was unacceptable to Harry S. Truman, FDR's successor, who wanted to monopolize atomic energy.
Development of Collision Force Suppression Mechanism for Human-Friendly Robot
Kazuya Shimamoto,Naoki Takeuchi,Hun-ok Lim 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10
This paper presents a collision force suppression mechanism that is installed in the joints of the manipulator of a human-friendly robot. The collision suppression mechanism consists of an outer circular disk, an inner circular disk, torsion springs, compression springs, etc. If the manipulator collides with an object, the suppression mechanism disconnects the manipulator from its joint, and it moves in the direction of the collision force depending on the spring reaction force. Moreover, if the object is eliminated, the end-effector follows a target position with a control method. Through collision experiments, the effectiveness of the mechanism and control method is verified.
How Advanced-level Japanese EFL Learners Manage Disagreements in Group Discussions
David Shimamoto 아시아테플 2022 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.19 No.3
During spoken discourse, disagreements and agreements take on discrete turn structures based on preference. A common assumption is that agreement is sought after, while disagreement is to be avoided. This stems from the fact that disagreements are a sign of conflict and, therefore, are deemed to be face-threatening. This study employs conversation analysis to examine how disagreement unfolds during small group discussions among advanced-level language learners at an English- medium university in Japan. It was found that at the turn-level, interactants drew on an abundance of mitigation tactics and positioned them strategically within their turns. An examination of extended sequences of turns revealed that learners could successfully engage in oppositional talk to satisfy both the transactional and interpersonal goals of the task. A pattern emerged in which discussions led off with uncertainty, but through the careful management of disagreement, participants were able to co- construct knowledge. The group interaction presented in this paper evidences the ways in which sociopragmatic competence can influence the quality of cooperative, task-based language learning.
Symposium 1 : Metabolic Syndrome ; Hypertension and Insulin Resistance
( Kazuaki Shimamoto ) 한국지질동맥경화학회 ( 구 한국지질학회 ) 2002 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.12 No.1
Decreased insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance) has recently attracted attention as a factor which may relate obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, abnormal lipid metabolism and hypertension. We have shown that the insulin sensitivity is decreased in es