沓裏作栽培의 滯水時期別 濕害가 大麥의 生育과 收量에 미치는 影響

沈一用 안성산업대학교 1983 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of various soil in "excess-moisture injury " levels on top and root growth of barley and its yield. Barley(variety Su-Won No.18) was grown on a diluvial clay loan soil at Plant beeding farm (Pot cultivation) in every season during 2 years (1982-1983) at the experimental farm of National An-Sung Agricultural Juniot College. I investigated the relation between the growth times the stage of moisture, by keeping the water below the surface of the soil into pot by 10cm, for 7 days every 5times treatment immediately after sowing. In order to fine out some morphological characteristics of root growth related to the resistance of excess-moisture injury. I have undertaken to charify the mechanism of "excess-moisture injury in barley cultivation of drained paddy field soil. the result of this experimental showed that the harm done to the growth and the harvest was remarkable result in this studies are summariged as following 5 stages (infant-nursery-bed period, tilling-peak period, very-young-head forming period, expensione growth period and sprouting period) (1)Excess-moisture injury in winter:- The visual symptoms of excess-moisture injury appear already, thought gradually, in January, when the soil moisture is too high and probably the oxygen supply to the root is restricted, for example in case of barely plant stunted in growth and shows yellowish or brownish color leaves followed by drying of terminal portions of the leaves. The root system becomes more restricted and less fibrous, dark in color and its growth is suspended. Anatomical observation showed that the brownish color of the injured root, especially at the root tips, is attributed the necrotic change in the rot cells. Another change in the injured root is the cospicuous ligification in stele and endodermal cells of the root, and also the same phenomena goes on step by step in the cortical and epidermal cells including root-hairs. It became clear that the stiffness of the injured root may be ascribed to the lignification of the root tissues. But, in this season even wet in wet soil, any physical and chemical changes which may affect the plant growth were not seen, this may be due to the low temperature (around 5℃) of the soil in which the microbial activities are restraind and the subsequent maintenance of high redox-potentials of the soil. so the injury of this period mainly due to the poor aeration around the root, regardless of the changes of soil conditions. (2) Execess moisture-injury in spring and summer:- When the temperature of the soil rises up to 8-10℃ or higher, then all of a sudden plants come to be seriously injured. That is, the stunted growth, yellowish or brownish green color of young leaves and withering of older leaves are notable features at the time. The root system developed poorly: Seminal roots were injured showing necrotic changes and the crown roots stoped their growth owing to the death of their tips, and rapid lignification of the root cells was recognized as described. In this period, besides the necrotic changes or lignification of the root, inorganic iron was detected abundantly in rot tissues, particularly at the root tips, while in the healthy ones such substance could not be seen. If the temperature rises furthermore, black depositions are seen here and there on the surface or inner parts of the roots. This deposition was confirmed to be the product of Fe^++ and S" coming separately into the roots from the wet soil. Author recognized the essential differences between the characteristics of the soil in this period from those of the soil in winter. That is, the soil in this period shows low redox-potentials and Fe^++ and S" are formed to such an extent as seems harmful to the plant. It was also ascertained that those harmful imgredients will intrude casily into the root tissue and act as poisons within it. Beside necrotic change of lignification of the root cell, histological change occurs in the root, namely the formation of intercellulary cavities due to the Lysigenous rupture or dissolution of the cortical cells. (3) Resistance of plant against high soil moisture and the degree of development of air conducting system:- According to the present investigation, Author reached to the conclusion that, in the barley plant which has a strong resistance against excess moisture, the oxygen needed for root respiration will be mainly sent from the leaf via stem 10 the root, whereas in the weak plant, oxygen is supplied directly to the root from the air in the soil. And the tolerability of plant to anaerobic condition of the soil may be attributed to the degree of transporting power of oxygen from the top to the root. The structural differences seen in conducting tissues between upland and swamp plant, especially in the cortex of the root, strongly endorse the above view. Namely, in the submersion the air conducting tissues are well developed and consequently air transporting power from the aerial part to the root seems to be superior to the latter. (4) Tolerability of plant to the high moisture of the soil and the redox-potentials of the soil:- Author testified that the lowering of redox potentials of the wet soil around the roots leads to low potentials of the root cells, and in the case of barley, this promotes the lignification of the root cells, and the resulted lignin defends the intrusion of reduced poisoning ingredients. According to the above fact, Author came to the conclusion that the lignification in the root as in barley root or the formation of intercellular spaces in the cortex of plant root may have to be considered a "Adaptation" against the unfavourable circumstances such as poot aeration around the root. (5) In over-moist soil conditions, plant diminishes the water absorbing power. It was considered that the withering and etiolation of leaves in wet soil, are partly due to the weakened absorbing power of nutrient water. Furthermore author tested the changes of activities of Oxydation Reduction enzymes (Fe-Enzymes) such as Peroxydase and catalase in the roots of barley which were grown in overmoist soil, and ascertained that the activities of oxydase was declined, on the contrary, the activities of catalase was promoted. The change of activities of such enzymes in the roots are presumed to lower the redox-potentials of the root cells, and the lowering of redox-potentials in likely to accelerate the lignification of the tissues. (6) According to the experimention all the plants Examined, regardless of upland and swamp plants, withered when they are left under strongly reduced soil conditions, though the duration is notable different. Substantial differences were not therefore found about the mechanism of the injury between upland and swamp plant. As far as Author experiment concerned, "excess=moisture injury" did not occur, if the osil around the toots has 30 percent or more air spaces, even much decomposable organic matter existed in the soil. This also was ascertained in the field. (7) On way of the present experiment, author found that in Juncaceae or Iridaceae, which have remarkable tolerability against excess moisture, root hairs are strongly lignified. With this lignified root hair, the meaning of its existence is not yet clear as it was not studied thoroughly. But it was ascertained that lignification of root-hairs also occurs in barley like the plants just mentioned, when they are put under swamp conditions. This presumed to be a strengthening of excess-moisture tolerability, that is a kind of adaptation of the plant which are originally weak against excess moistured soil conditions.

Effect of Ginseng Total Saponin on Extracellular Dopamine Release Elicited by Local Infusion of Nicotine into the Striatum of Freely Moving Rats

Shim, Insop,Javaid, J.I.,Kim, Sang-Eun 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

We investigated the effect of ginseng total saponin(GTS) on nicotine-induced dopamine(DA) release in the striatum of freely moving rats using an in vivo microdialysis technique. In order to further characterize the mechanism by which GTS affects DA release, the effect of GTS on K+-induced DA released was also examined. Local infusion of nicotine(1, 5, and 10 mM) into the striatum produced a dose-dependent increase in extracellular DA in dialysate samples (maximal response = 154.0 ± 10.8%, 308.1 ± 55.7%, and 499.9 ± 77.9% over basal levels, respectively). GTS(100mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on basal levels of extracellular DA. However. GTS inhibited maximal DA release induced by intra-striatal infusion of nicotine (1, 5, and 10 mM) by 35.3%, 36.6%, and 58.5%, respectively. Intra-striatal infusion of high K+ solution (100mM) produced and increase in extracellular DA in the striatum(maximal response = 796.6 ± 98.8% over basal levels). However, GTS had no effect on the K+-induced increase in extracellular DA. The present study demeonstrated that GTS inhibited striatal DA release stimulated by local infusion of nicotine. This may reflect the blocking effect of GTS on the striatum-related behavior induced by nicotine as well as other psychostimulants. The results also suggest that GTS may act on presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or receptor-operated Na+ channels in dopaminergic nerve terminals, but not on voltage-sensitive ion channels

Surface immobilization of biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles on 3D printed poly(caprolactone) scaffolds enhances osteogenesis and bone tissue regeneration

Shim, K.S.,Kim, S.E.,Yun, Y.P.,Jeon, D.I.,Kim, H.J.,Park, K.,Song, H.R. THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING 2017 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY -S Vol.55 No.-

<P>We fabricated biphasic calcium phosphate nanoparticles (BCP NPs)-immobilized on the surface of 3D printed PCL (BCP-IM-PCL) scaffolds, and evaluated in vitro osteogenesis and in vivo new bone formation in rat tibial defect model. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that BCP-IM-PCL significantly enhanced osteogenic markers (i.e., ALP activity, calcium deposition, and the expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin) and markedly increased new bone formation and mineralized bone tissues in tibial defect area, compared to unmodified PCL and BCP-mixed PCL scaffolds. This study demonstrated that BCP NPs-immobilized on the surface of PCL scaffolds are promising templates for bone tissue regeneration. (C) 2017 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Temperature-dependent current-voltage characteristics of Er-silicide Schottky contacts to strained Si-on-insulator

Jyothi, I.,Seo, M.W.,Janardhanam, V.,Shim, K.H.,Lee, Y.B.,Ahn, K.S.,Choi, C.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.556 No.-

We fabricated Er-silicide (ErSi<SUB>1.7</SUB>) Schottky contacts to strained Si-on-insulator (sSOI) with a strain level of 0.77% and investigated their electrical properties in the temperature range of 225-400K. The Schottky parameters such as the barrier height, ideality factor, and series resistance were found to strongly depend on temperature. Barrier height and ideality factor were found to decrease and increase, respectively, with decreasing temperature. The series resistance gradually increased with decreasing temperature. A discrepancy between the Schottky barrier heights calculated from the forward current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and Norde's method indicated a deviation from the ideal thermionic emission of ErSi<SUB>1.7</SUB>/sSOI Schottky diode. The lateral inhomogeneity of the Schottky barrier and potential fluctuations at the interface between ErSi<SUB>1.7</SUB> and sSOI could be a main cause of the difference between the calculated and theoretical values of the Richardson constant. On the basis of a thermionic emission mechanism with a Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights, temperature dependency of ErSi<SUB>1.7</SUB> Schottky contact to sSOI was explained in terms of the barrier height inhomogeneities at the interface.

Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia Other Than Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Park, I-Nae,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun,Lim, Chae-Man,Lee, Sang Do,Koh, Younsuck,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Won Dong,Jang, Se Jin,Colby, Thomas V. American College of Chest Physicians 2007 Chest Vol.132 No.1

<P>BACKGROUNDS: Acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly recognized as a relatively common and highly morbid clinical event. However, clinical data on AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia are sparse. This study was performed to find the frequency, clinical features, and outcome of AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 10 patients who satisfied the modified Akira criteria for AE during follow-up of 74 patients with surgical lung biopsy-confirmed idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (I-NSIP) and 93 patients with biopsy-confirmed interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP). RESULTS: AE occurred in six patients with I-NSIP (1-year frequency, 4.2%) and in four patients with CVD-IP (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], n = 3; scleroderma, n = 1), with 1-year frequency of 3.3%. Median age was 58 years (range, 47 to 75); six patients were female. AE occurred in two patients immediately after surgical biopsy. Median duration of acute symptom before hospital admission was 10 days (range, 1 to 30). Median ratio of Pao(2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) was 172 (range, 107 to 273), and Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio was < 200 in six patients. Surgical lung biopsy performed at the time of AE in two patients revealed diffuse alveolar damage superimposed on nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Four patients with I-NSIP survived to discharge and were followed up for 24 months (range, 6 to 121). CONCLUSION: AE occurred in the patients with I-NSIP with apparently better prognosis. In patients with CVD-IP, AE occurred mostly with RA-usual interstitial pneumonia in our small series with poor outcome.</P>

Modification of Schottky Barrier Properties of Ti/p-type InP Schottky Diode by Polyaniline (PANI) Organic Interlayer

P. R. Sekhar Reddy,V. Janardhanam,I. Jyothi,Shim-Hoon Yuk,V. Rajagopal Reddy,Jae-Chan Jeong,Sung-Nam Lee,Chel-Jong Choi 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.5

The electrical properties of Ti/p-type InP Schottky diodes with and without polyaniline (PANI) interlayer was investigated using current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. The barrier height of Ti/p-type InP Schottky diode with PANI interlayer was higher than that of the conventional Ti/p-type InP Schottky diode, implying that the organic interlayer influenced the space-charge region of the Ti/p-type InP Schottky junction. At higher voltages, the current transport was dominated by the trap free space-charge-limited current and trap-filled space-charge-limited current in Ti/p-type InP Schottky diode without and with PANI interlayer, respectively. The domination of trap filled space-charge-limited current in Ti/p-type InP Schottky diode with PANI interlayer could be associated with the traps originated from structural defects prevailing in organic PANI interlayer.

Efficient planar n-i-p type heterojunction flexible perovskite solar cells with sputtered TiO2electron transporting layers

Mali, Sawanta S.,Hong, Chang Kook,Inamdar, A. I.,Im, Hyunsik,Shim, Sang Eun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Nanoscale Vol.9 No.9

<P>The development of hybrid organo-lead trihalide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) comprising an electron transporting layer (ETL), a perovskite light absorber and a hole transporting layer (HTL) has received significant attention for their potential in efficient PSCs. However, the preparation of a compact and uniform ETL and the formation of a uniform light absorber layer suffer from a high temperature processing treatment and the formation of unwanted perovskite islands, respectively. A low temperature/room temperature processed ETL is one of the best options for the fabrication of flexible PSCs. In the present work, we report the implementation of a room temperature processed compact TiO2 ETL and the synthesis of extremely uniform flexible planar PSCs based on methylammonium lead mixed halides MAPb (I-1-(X) Br-x)(3) (x = 0.1) via RF-magnetron sputtering and a toluene dripping treatment, respectively. The compact TiO2 ETLs with different thicknesses (30 to 100 nm) were directly deposited on a flexible PET coated ITO substrate by varying the RF-sputtering time and used for the fabrication of flexible PSCs. The photovoltaic properties revealed that flexible PSC performance is strongly dependent on the TiO2 ETL thickness. The open circuit voltage (V-OC) and fill factor (FF) are directly proportional to the TiO2 ETL thickness while the 50 nm thick TiO2 ETL shows the highest current density (J(SC)) of 20.77 mA cm(-2). Our controlled results reveal that the room temperature RF-magnetron sputtered 50 nm-thick TiO2 ETL photoelectrode exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) in excess of 15%. The use of room temperature synthesis of the compact TiO2 ETL by RF magnetron sputtering results in an enhancement of the device performance for cells prepared on flexible substrates. The champion flexible planar PSC based on this architecture exhibited a promising power conversion efficiency as high as 15.88%, featuring a high FF of 0.69 and V-OC of 1.108 V with a negligible hysteresis under AM 1.5 G illumination. Furthermore, the mechanical bending stability revealed that the fabricated devices show stable PCE up to 200 bending cycles. The interface properties revealed that the 50 nm thick TiO2 ETL provides superior charge injection characteristics and low internal resistance. The present work provides a simplistic and reliable approach for the fabrication of highly efficient stable flexible perovskite solar cells.</P>

간접 분사식 디젤 기관에서 와류실 형상이 연소에 미치는 영향

권순익(S.I.Kwon),심재준(J.J.Shim) 한국자동차공학회 1993 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The effects of the change of swirI chamber shape change on engine performance is investigated for the design and development of a I.D.I. Diesel Engine. The changed factors are a wall angle of the swirl chamber. throat area. throat length. and glow plug protrusion in the indirect combustion chamber. The main effects of th i s work are that a gaseous emiss ion, \Ox reduced by decreasing<br/> the wall angle(B1) of the swirl chamber, and that a smoke reduced<br/> by decreasing the wallangle(B₂).And. the decrease of the<br/> throat area reduced a smoke and specific fuel consumption at the high speed range.<br/>

A Novel Growth Method of Single-Crystalline Bi Nanowires

( W. V. Shim ),( K. I. Lee ),( J. Y. Chang ),( S. H. Han ),( W. Y. Jeung ),( W. Y. Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.2 No.1

A novel growth method of single-crystalline bismuth (Bi) nanowires is presented. It is found that the growth of Bi nanowires on as-sputtered films occurs during heat treatment due to the relaxation of stress between the film and substrate, originating from thermal expansion mismatch. The diameter of Bi nanowires was found to decrease with the mean grain size of the film. The grains of Bi film grown at 100 W and annealed having preferred orientation, i.e., (003) and (006), serve as Bi nanowire seeds. The largest MR values of 2246% at T=75K and 286% at T=300K in a 400-nm Bi nanowire were obtained, indicating that high-quality, single-crystalline Bi nanowires could be grown by the proposed stress-induced method. These results provide motivation for exploring the magneto-transport properties of single-crystalline Bi nanowires.

Current Transport and 1/f Noise Characteristics in Ferromagnetic Permalloy/n-type Ge Schottky Contacts

V. Janardhanam,I. Jyothi,Shim-Hoon Yuk,Kyu-Hwan Shim,Kee Young Lim,Chel-Jong Choi,Sung-Nam Lee 한국물리학회 2018 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.73 No.5

The current transport mechanism in permalloy/n-type Ge Schottky diodes was studied over the temperature range from 200 to 400 K. At temperatures above 250 K, the forward current-voltage (I-V ) characteristics of the diode were ideal and obeyed the thermionic emission theory. Below 250 K, however, the recombination process was found to contribute to current transport. Similarly, in reverse bias, the thermionic emission mechanism appeared to dominate current transport at tem- peratures above 250 K, and the carrier generation mechanism dominated the reverse current below 250 K. A temperature-driven change in the current conduction mechanism from conduction domi- nated by low-barrier-height patches to conduction dominated by high-barrier-height regions suggests inhomogeneity in the Schottky barrier height. The barrier height inhomogeneity led to deviations in the Richardson constant from its theoretical value at lower temperatures. The room-temperature low-frequency noise measurements taken at different forward biases for the permalloy/n-type Ge Schottky diodes showed a 1=f dependence with a tight variation of between 1.20 and 1.31. The current dependence of the noise power spectral density exhibited a 1=f noise behavior, indicating the operation of the permalloy/n-type Ge Schottky diodes in the thermionic emission mode.