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Shakir Ullah,Usman Khan,Khalil Ur Rahman,Aman Ullah 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2021 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.45 No.4
This study provides a critical literature review of the benefits and problems associated with one of the largest Chinese- funded development projects, the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), with particular focus on the implications of this project for local people in Pakistan. CPEC is one of the most significant development projects in Pakistan, covering infrastructure, agriculture, and energy cooperation. Although some studies have examined challenges and problems brought about by CPEC, the majority of them fail to examine specific localities and the Pakistani communities that have been impacted by the project. Hence, most of the investigations have reported general development impacts rather than indicating whether and how CPEC has brought either benefits or problems to local people. In examining previously published studies on CPEC, this essay highlights gaps in research, especially from anthropological and sociological perspectives, with the goal of encouraging further studies from the vantage point of the local communities regarding development projects in Pakistan.
Shakir Sameer,Card Elizabeth B.,Kimia Rotem,Greives Matthew R.,Nguyen Phuong D. 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.2
Management of traumatic skull base fractures and associated complications pose a unique reconstructive challenge. The goals of skull base reconstruction include structural support for the brain and orbit, separation of the central nervous system from the aerodigestive tract, volume to decrease dead space, and restoration of the three-dimensional appearance of the face and cranium with bone and soft tissues. An open bicoronal approach is the most commonly used technique for craniofacial disassembly of the bifrontal region, with evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage and dural repair performed prior to reconstruction. Depending on the defect size and underlying patient and operative factors, reconstruction may involve bony reconstruction using autografts, allografts, or prosthetics in addition to soft tissue reconstruction using vascularized local or distant tissues. The vast majority of traumatic anterior cranial fossa (ACF) injuries resulting in smaller defects of the cranial base itself can be successfully reconstructed using local pedicled pericranial or galeal flaps. Compared with historical nonvascularized ACF reconstructive options, vascularized reconstruction using pericranial and/or galeal flaps has decreased the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from 25 to 6.5%. We review the existing literature on this uncommon entity and present our case series of n = 6 patients undergoing traumatic reconstruction of the ACF at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2016 to 2018. There were no postoperative CSF leaks, mucoceles, episodes of meningitis, or deaths during the study follow-up period. In conclusion, use of pericranial, galeal, and free flaps, as indicated, can provide reliable and durable reconstruction of a wide variety of injuries.
A Novel Thresholding for Prediction Analytics with Machine Learning Techniques
Shakir, Khan,Reemiah Muneer, Alotaibi International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.1
Machine-learning techniques are discovering effective performance on data analytics. Classification and regression are supported for prediction on different kinds of data. There are various breeds of classification techniques are using based on nature of data. Threshold determination is essential to making better model for unlabelled data. In this paper, threshold value applied as range, based on min-max normalization technique for creating labels and multiclass classification performed on rainfall data. Binary classification is applied on autism data and classification techniques applied on child abuse data. Performance of each technique analysed with the evaluation metrics.
Shakir Ali,Amena Mahmood,Indusmita Routray,Tijjani Salihu Shinkafi,Kazim Sahin,Omer Kucuk 대한암예방학회 2014 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.19 No.4
Background:Dried flower bud of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is rich in eugenol, an antioxidant and antiinflammatory compound thatcan protect liver against injury. Clove, besides eugenol, also contains other pharmacologically active phytochemicals such as β-sitosteroland ascorbic acid. This study reports the effect of eugenol-rich fraction (ERF) of clove on liver cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide. Methods:Cirrhosis of the liver, which predisposes to hepatocellular carcinoma, was induced by administering thioacetamide (0.03%)in drinking water for 16 weeks. Cirrhotic animals were divided into two groups; the treated group was administered ERF for 9 weeks,one week after discontinuation of thioacetamide, while the other group received normal saline for a similar duration of time. Results:The treatment with ERF, as determined by histopathology and through a battery of biochemical markers of hepatic injury, oxidativestress and drug metabolizing enzymes, significantly ameliorated the signs of liver cirrhosis. It lowered the elevated levels ofalkalinephosphatase, γ-glutamyl transferase and other biochemical changes in liver cirrhosis. Histopathology of the liver corroborated the effectof ERF with biochemical findings. ERF treatment further inhibited cell proliferation, as demonstrated by reduced [3H]-thymidine uptake. Conclusions:Data provide evidence supporting the protective action of ERF on liver cirrhosis. The study assumes significance becausecirrhosis predisposes the liver to cancer, which is characterized by abnormal cell proliferation. ERF in this study is reportedto inhibithepatic cell proliferation and at the same time decrease oxidative stress, which might be the mechanism of protection against liver cirrhosis.
Shakir Sameer,Card Elizabeth B.,Kimia Rotem,Greives Matthew R.,Nguyen Phuong D. 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.1
Management of traumatic skull base fractures and associated complications pose a unique reconstructive challenge. The goals of skull base reconstruction include structural support for the brain and orbit, separation of the central nervous system from the aerodigestive tract, volume to decrease dead space, and restoration of the three-dimensional appearance of the face and cranium with bone and soft tissues. An open bicoronal approach is the most commonly used technique for craniofacial disassembly of the bifrontal region, with evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage and dural repair performed prior to reconstruction. Depending on the defect size and underlying patient and operative factors, reconstruction may involve bony reconstruction using autografts, allografts, or prosthetics in addition to soft tissue reconstruction using vascularized local or distant tissues. The vast majority of traumatic anterior cranial fossa (ACF) injuries resulting in smaller defects of the cranial base itself can be successfully reconstructed using local pedicled pericranial or galeal flaps. Compared with historical nonvascularized ACF reconstructive options, vascularized reconstruction using pericranial and/or galeal flaps has decreased the rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak from 25 to 6.5%. We review the existing literature on this uncommon entity and present our case series of n = 6 patients undergoing traumatic reconstruction of the ACF at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2016 to 2018. There were no postoperative CSF leaks, mucoceles, episodes of meningitis, or deaths during the study follow-up period. In conclusion, use of pericranial, galeal, and free flaps, as indicated, can provide reliable and durable reconstruction of a wide variety of injuries.
Shakir, I.,Ali, Z.,Kang, D.J. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.617 No.-
The synthesis of a photocatalyst that is highly active under visible light is one of the most challenging tasks for solar-energy utilization. Here we report a multilayer assembly of gold nanoparticles and graphene that offers dual functionality to efficiently harness visible photons. Firstly, plasmonic resonances by gold nanoparticles are utilized for visible light scattering; secondly the electron scavenging reaction is enhanced by the gold nanoparticles trapping the electrons that are injected from the dye into the graphene. Moreover, the structure is in the form of a thin film, which demonstrates the potential for easy handling and recycling. Precise control over light harvesting and the photocatalytic response is achieved by controlling the number of layers.
Shakir, Imran,Shahid, Muhammad,Kang, Dae Joon Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical communications Vol.46 No.24
<P>Single crystalline MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and Cu<SUB>0.33</SUB>MoO<SUB>3</SUB> nanorods have been synthesized in large quantities <I>via</I> hydrothermal route, which exhibit unprecedented photocatalytic performance for the decomposition of Toluidine blue “O” (TBO) and chlorobenzene both under visible and UV light irradiation.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Single crystalline MoO<SUB>3</SUB> and Cu<SUB>0.33</SUB>MoO<SUB>3</SUB> nanorods have been synthesized in large quantities <I>via</I> hydrothermal route, which exhibit unprecedented photocatalytic performance for the decomposition of Toluidine blue “O” (TBO) and chlorobenzene both under visible and UV light irradiation. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c000003e'> </P>