Enhancement of the SESN2-SHP cascade by melatonin ameliorates hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the CRBN-BTG2-CREBH signaling pathway

An Seungwon,Nedumaran Balachandar,Koh Hong,Joo Dong Jin,Lee Hyungjo,Park Chul-Seung,Harris Robert A.,Shin Keong Sub,Djalilian Ali R.,Kim Yong Deuk 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-

Melatonin is involved in the regulation of various biological functions. Here, we explored a novel molecular mechanism by which the melatonin-induced sestrin2 (SESN2)-small heterodimer partner (SHP) signaling pathway protects against fasting- and diabetes-mediated hepatic glucose metabolism. Various key gene expression analyses were performed and multiple metabolic changes were assessed in liver specimens and primary hepatocytes of mice and human participants. The expression of the hepatic cereblon (CRBN) and b-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) genes was significantly increased in fasting mice, diabetic mice, and patients with diabetes. Overexpression of Crbn and Btg2 increased hepatic gluconeogenesis by enhancing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-responsive element-binding protein H (CREBH), whereas this phenomenon was prominently ablated in Crbn null mice and Btg2-silenced mice. Interestingly, melatonin-induced SESN2 and SHP markedly reduced hepatic glucose metabolism in diabetic mice and primary hepatocytes, and this protective effect of melatonin was strikingly reversed by silencing Sesn2 and Shp. Finally, the melatonin-induced SESN2-SHP signaling pathway inhibited CRBN- and BTG2-mediated hepatic gluconeogenic gene transcription via the competition of BTG2 and the interaction of CREBH. Mitigation of the CRBN-BTG2-CREBH axis by the melatonin-SESN2-SHP signaling network may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat metabolic dysfunction due to diabetes.

A hybrid interface tracking – level set technique for multiphase flow with soluble surfactant

Shin, Seungwon,Chergui, Jalel,Juric, Damir,Kahouadji, Lyes,Matar, Omar K.,Craster, Richard V. Elsevier 2018 Journal of computational physics Vol.359 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A formulation for soluble surfactant transport in multiphase flows recently presented by Muradoglu and Tryggvason (JCP 274 (2014) 737–757) is adapted to the context of the Level Contour Reconstruction Method, LCRM, (Shin et al. IJNMF 60 (2009) 753–778, ) which is a hybrid method that combines the advantages of the Front-tracking and Level Set methods. Particularly close attention is paid to the formulation and numerical implementation of the surface gradients of surfactant concentration and surface tension. Various benchmark tests are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of different elements of the algorithm. To verify surfactant mass conservation, values for surfactant diffusion along the interface are compared with the exact solution for the problem of uniform expansion of a sphere. The numerical implementation of the discontinuous boundary condition for the source term in the bulk concentration is compared with the approximate solution. Surface tension forces are tested for Marangoni drop translation. Our numerical results for drop deformation in simple shear are compared with experiments and results from previous simulations. All benchmarking tests compare well with existing data thus providing confidence that the adapted LCRM formulation for surfactant advection and diffusion is accurate and effective in three-dimensional multiphase flows with a structured mesh. We also demonstrate that this approach applies easily to massively parallel simulations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Extension of the LCRM Front-tracking method (Shin et al. IJNMF 60 (2009) 753–778) to flows with surfactant. </LI> <LI> Following Muradoglu and Tryggvason (JCP 274 (2014) 737–757) surfactant transport is solved on the interface and in the bulk. </LI> <LI> Accuracy demonstrated for mass conservation, surface advection and diffusion, bulk transport and Marangoni stresses. </LI> <LI> Large scale parallel calculations of two-phase annular film flow in the counter-current flow regime. </LI> </UL> </P>

A Comparative Study on Antifungal Essential Oils from Several Herbal Plants

Shin, Seungwon 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2001 藥學論文誌 Vol.12 No.1

The essential oils from Eukalyptus golbulus (Myrtaceae), Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae), Santalum album (Santalaceae), Styrax tonkinensis (Styracaceae) and Thymus vulgaris (Labiatae) have been analysed compared by GC-MS. 1,8-cineol was dominantly contained in the oil of Eucalyptus globulus (54.02%) while benzoic acid(60.24%) and thymol(25%)were the representing compounds in case of Styrax tonkinensis and Thymus vulgaris, respectively. The essential oil from Santalum album contained much amount of alpha-santalol (36.14%). In Pinus sivestris oil, endo-bornyl acetate and alpha-pinene showed the highest content, 8.78% and 8.16%, respectively. The inhibiting activity of the oils against broth culture of Blastoschizomyces capitatus, a pathogenic fungus, was investigated and compared by broth dilution method and disk diffusion test.

Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils from Thymus quinquecostatus and T. magnus

Shin, Seungwon,Kim, Ji-Hyun 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2004 藥學論文誌 Vol.15 No.1

The antifungal activities of essential oils from Thymus quinquecostatus and T. magnus, which are species native to Korea, were evaluated against seven common pathogenic fungi. Additionally, the effects of the oils together with ketoconazole were tested by the checkerboard titer test. Both of the two Thymus oils showed significant inhibition of the tested fungi, with minimal inhibitor concentrations (MICs) and minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) in the range of 0.04-0.39 mg/mL and 0.19-0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The two Thymus oils, and thymol as well, exhibited synergism with ketoconazole against Trichophyton rubrum, which showed the highest susceptibility to these oils.

Numerical Simulation of Droplet Jumping Process on Condensing Surface

Seungwon Shin,Youngsuk Nam 한국전산유체공학회 2014 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

During the condensation on non-wetting surface, droplets formed on cooling wall can merge together then jump away from the surface. This behavior can increase heat and mass transfer significantly and recently draw quite attentions for potential performance enhancement in related engineering applications such as power generation, water harvesting, and thermal management. We tried to model complete jumping process of condensing droplet numerically. Level Contour Reconstruction Method was utilized with full parallelization. Multiphase flow simulation with phase change will be necessary ingredient along with accurate contact line dynamic handling. In this study, preliminary test results for droplet jumping process with phase change will be provided.

Development of antifungal drugs from essential oils in Korean plant resources (Ⅰ)

Shin, Seungwon,Pyun, Mi Sun 德成女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學論文誌 Vol.14 No.1

The essential oils of the plants in the family of Labiatae were screened for fungistatic or fungicidal activity to discover new natural antifungal drugs. Three species of plants in Labiatae, which are wild distributed or cultivated in Korea, were extracted by steam distillation. The compositions of the extracted oils were analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and GC. For investigation of the antifungal activities of extracted oils, the MICs (minimal inhibition concentrations) and MFC (minimal fungicidal concentrations) were determined by broth dilution method and by disk diffusion method on Sabouraud agar plates. As the results, the essential oil fraction of Agastache rugosa, Elsholtzia patrini, Mentha arvensis var. piperascens and Perilla frutescens var. acuta exhibited significant inhibition against Trichophyton species as T. erinacei, T. mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans. The MICs of the oils against the tested Trichophyton fungi were ranged between 0.19 and 3.12㎎/㎖.

On the validity of archeomagnetic dating method in Korea: a case study

Seungwon Shin,Yong-Hee Park,Daekyo Cheong,Sook Chung Shin 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.1

An archeomagnetic study has been performed for six archeological relics of the Proto-Three Kingdoms period excavated in Jungdo Island, South Korea. Among a total of 90 samples from hearths remains of six dwelling sites, the characteristic remanent magnetization components were isolated from 70 samples using the progressive alternating field demagnetizations and considered to record faithfully a thermoremanent magnetization at the timing of the last cooling of the hearths. Two different approaches were made to determine the archeomagnetic ages: One is the conventional method using the relocated paleosecular variation (PSV) curve obtained from southwestern Japan. The other method adopts a Matlab archaeo_dating tool using a Bayesian statistics with global geomagnetic field prediction model (ARCH3K.1). Both archeomagnetic ages using two individual dating methods generally overlapped with the radiocarbon age ranges for each sites. However, no systematic relationship between archeomagnetic ages and radiocarbon ages was observed, implying that neither the relocated Japanese PSV data nor the global model accurately represent the Korean secular variation during the archeological period of this study. At present, archeomagnetic dating in Korea should be carefully applied in conjunction with other dating methods on the consideration of archeological context.

Geochronology and sedimentary environment at the Udu-dong archeological site, Chuncheon, South Korea

Shin, Seungwon,Park, Yong-Hee,Choi, Jeong-Heon,Lim, Hyoun Soo,Shin, Sook-Chung,Cheong, Daekyo E. Arnold Distributed in North America by Cambridg 2018 The Holocene Vol.28 No.9

High Order Level Contour Reconstruction Method

Seungwon Shin,Damir Juric 대한기계학회 2007 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.21 No.2

Complex interfacial physics arising from geometric curvature associated with surface tension as well as phase transformation make it a formidable task to design an accurate, reliable, and yet simple method for direct computation of multiphase flows. Hybrid methods mixing conventional, Volume-of-Fluid, Level Set, Phase Field, and Front Tracking methods have recently become popular in an attempt to overcome the shortcomings of each method alone. We developed the Level Contour Reconstruction Method (LCRM) as part of a hybrid method for treating the complex interface geometry associated with general three-dimensional multiphase flows. The main idea in that work focused on a simple and robust algorithm especially suited for dynamic interfaces in the three-dimensional case by combining characteristics of both Front Tracking and Level Set methods. In this article we describe a modification to the LCRM which introduces a high order interpolation kernel during the course of the interface reconstruction along with a new hybrid surface tension formulation. With this we can essentially eliminate any mass redistribution between regions of differing curvature and reconstruct the interface accurately and smoothly. The improvement with high order reconstruction is also noticeable vis a vis spurious currents which are further decreased by two orders of magnitude over the previous linear reconstruction method. Moreover, there is no disturbance concurrent with reconstruction and the solution fidelity is not influenced by the reconstruction time step. This High Order Level Contour Reconstruction Method retains the simplicity of the original LCRM and avoids complicated interface smoothing procedures.

Development of clinical practice guidelines for Korean medicine: Towards evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine

Shin Seungwon,Moon Wonkyung,Kim Suran,정석희,Kim Jong Woo,Kim Namkwen,Lee Yoon Jae,박민정 한국한의학연구원 2023 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.12 No.1

Background: Since evidence-based medicine has been pursued in complementary and alternative medicine, the clinical practice guideline (CPG) has become a key factor in providing standardized and validated practices in Korean Medicine (KM). We aimed to review the current status and characteristics of the development, dissemination, and implementation of KM-CPGs. Methods: We searched KM-CPGs and relevant publication via web-based databases. We organized the searching results focused on the year of publications and the development programs to show which and how KM-CPGs have been development. We also reviewed the manuals for KM-CPG development to introduce concise characteristics of the KM-CPGs published in Korea. Results: The KM-CPGs have been developed according to manuals and standard templates for developing evidence-based KM-CPGs. First, CPG developers reviews the previously published CPGs for a clinical condition of interest and plans the CPG development. After finalizing the key clinical questions, the evidence is searched, selected, appraised, and analyzed following the internationally standardized methods. The quality of the KM-CPGs is controlled by a tri-step appraisal process. Second, the CPGs were submitted for the appraisal of the KM-CPG Review and Evaluation Committee. The committee evaluates the CPGs according to the AGREE II tool. Finally, the Steering Committee of the KoMIT project reviews the entire process of developing the CPGs and confirms it for public disclosure and dissemination. Conclusion: Evidence-based KM from research to practice can be achieved with the attention and effort of multidisciplinary entities such as clinicians, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers for the CPGs.