http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Seongwoo Choi,Juhee Lee,Yeomyeong Lee,Pil Joo Kim,Ju-Sik Cho,Yong Hwa Cheong,Yo-Sup Rim,Sang Yoon Kim 한국토양비료학회 2020 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.53 No.4
Ethephon is one of the chemical stimulator of crop growth that is also considered as a structural analogue of coenzyme M (CoM), having a promising potential for methanogenic inhibitor. However, the effect of ethephon application on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under rice cultivation has not been studied yet. In this pot experiment, different levels of ethephon (0, 2.5, 5 and 10 ㎎ L<SUP>-1</SUP>) were applied at the presence or absence of manure compost as an organic amendment to study its effect on GHGs emissions in particular CH₄ and rice productivity during the cultivation. Application of ethephon effectively suppressed CH₄ emissions in particular the initial periods (ca. 3 weeks) right after the application as compared with control soil during rice cultivation, but did not significantly affect N₂O emissions. In addition, the maximum CH₄ reduction (82% reduction over control) was found at 10 ㎎ L<SUP>-1</SUP> ethephon application right after its addition for 3 weeks during rice cultivation. Rice productivity and yield properties were mainly affected by ethephon application, enhancing ripened grains and number of grains per panicle. Soil properties were not influenced by ethephon application except for available phosphate, which is probably due to enhanced root growth in rhizosphere soils. Conclusively, ethephon could be a new and pioneering amendment for reducing CH₄ emission in particular at the initial 3 weeks after the application without increasing other GHG emissions and enhancing rice productivity in paddy soils.
Choi, Seongwoo(최성우) 한국수사학회 2020 수사학 Vol.0 No.39
본 연구는 현대 지식인들이 연사 혹은 수사학자로서 어떤 역할을 해야 하는지를 수사학의 중요한 요소인 에토스를 중심으로, 수사학의 권력과 관련하여 제안하고자 한다. 푸코적 관점에서 보면, 현대의 보편적 지식인은 미래를 예측하는 역할과 더불어 진리와 선을 제시하는 역할마저 포기했다. 현대의 지식인들은 아이러니하게도 권력의 도구로서 권력의 행위자가 된 것이다. 하지만, 본 연구는 작가나 수사학자 같은 보편적 지식인이 미래 사회에 사라져야만 하는 운명이라는 푸코의 결론에 대해 반론한다. 현대 지식인들이 점차 자본주의의 도구가 되어가고 있는 현실은 인정하지만 앞으로 그들은 새로운 역할을 발견하고 이를 수행해야 한다고 생각하기 때문이다. 풍부하고 적절한 토포스를 갖춘다면 현대 지식인의 수사학은 여전히 영향력을 가질 것이며, 이를 바탕으로 그들이 속한 지배 담론 속에서 그 지배 담론이 생산하는 권력을 이용하여 바로 그 지배 담론에 저항하고 반대하는 힘을 보여줄 수 있다. 말할 수 있는 자로서 자격을 부여 받은 지식인들은 에토스의 힘을 이용하여 현 지배담론에 대항하며 보다 나은 미래를 위해 온 인류에게 새로운 길을 제시해 줄 수 있다. 말할 수 없는 이들이 어떻게, 그리고 무엇으로 재현되고 있는지 사람들이 스스로 생각할 수 있게 하는, 보다 효과적인 수사학을 구축하는 것이 앞으로 지식인의 책무 중 하나일 것이다. This study aims to suggest how contemporary intellectuals should play their roles as rhetors or rhetoricians who can use their own power or the power that rhetoric possesses in itself, focusing on their ethos as an important element of rhetoric. From a Foucauldian perspective, the universal intellectuals have abandoned not only their role in predicting the future but also their role in presenting truth and goodness. Intellectuals became agents of the power only as a tool of power, ironically. However, this paper does not accept Foucault’s final conclusion that universal intellectuals such as writers and rhetoricians are doomed to disappear in our future societies. It concedes that they are increasingly becoming instruments of capitalism but insists that they should play their new role in the future. Modern intellectuals’ rhetoric based on abundant and relevant topoi is still influential and powerful in that they can oppose or resist the dominant discourse by using the power itself created by the very dominant discourse within that dominant discourse. Using the power of ethos, as those who are allowed to speak, modern universal intellectuals can disagree with modern dominant discourse and offer a way for all humankind to advance toward a better future. One of intellectuals’ tasks should be to build more effective rhetoric that makes the audience consider how and by what their rhetoric represents the disempowered.
Choi Chang Wan,Sung Ho Kyung,Jeong Jae Yoon,Lim Dae Hyun,Choi Jongkyoung,Kwon Hyeok Choon,Nam Seongwoo,Kim Yeonjae,Chin Bum Sik 대한감염학회 2022 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.54 No.4
Background There is growing evidence that abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is not known whether viral involvement in the liver differs according to the strain. We investigated the impact on liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study, including 372 patients admitted during the pre-Delta period (PDP: between February 1 and November 30, 2020) and 137 patients admitted during the Delta period (DP: between August 1 and August 31, 2021). Initial liver injury was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≥3 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or total bilirubin ≥2 × the ULN within 3 days from admission. Results Of 509 patients with COVID-19 included in our study, 38 (7.5%) patients had initial liver injury. The DP group had a significantly higher rate of initial liver injury than the PDP group (PDP: 5.9% vs. DP: 11.7%, P = 0.028). The DP group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.737, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.322 – 5.666) was independently associated with initial liver injury. During hospitalization, 160 (31.4%) patients had severe COVID-19. The DP group and initial liver injury had higher odds of progressing to severe COVID-19 (aOR: 2.664, 95% CI: 1.526 - 4.648, and aOR: 4.409, 95% CI: 1.816 - 10.707, respectively). The mediation analysis suggested that initial liver injury mediates the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection and severe COVID-19 (unstandardized beta coefficient = 0.980, Standard error = 0.284, P = 0.001). Conclusion Initial liver injury is more common in COVID-19 patients with Delta variants. Also, Delta variants and initial liver injury are associated with poor clinical outcomes. Background There is growing evidence that abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) are common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is not known whether viral involvement in the liver differs according to the strain. We investigated the impact on liver injury in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study, including 372 patients admitted during the pre-Delta period (PDP: between February 1 and November 30, 2020) and 137 patients admitted during the Delta period (DP: between August 1 and August 31, 2021). Initial liver injury was defined as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≥3 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) or total bilirubin ≥2 × the ULN within 3 days from admission. Results Of 509 patients with COVID-19 included in our study, 38 (7.5%) patients had initial liver injury. The DP group had a significantly higher rate of initial liver injury than the PDP group (PDP: 5.9% vs. DP: 11.7%, P = 0.028). The DP group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.737, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.322 – 5.666) was independently associated with initial liver injury. During hospitalization, 160 (31.4%) patients had severe COVID-19. The DP group and initial liver injury had higher odds of progressing to severe COVID-19 (aOR: 2.664, 95% CI: 1.526 - 4.648, and aOR: 4.409, 95% CI: 1.816 - 10.707, respectively). The mediation analysis suggested that initial liver injury mediates the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection and severe COVID-19 (unstandardized beta coefficient = 0.980, Standard error = 0.284, P = 0.001). Conclusion Initial liver injury is more common in COVID-19 patients with Delta variants. Also, Delta variants and initial liver injury are associated with poor clinical outcomes.
부산도시철도 1호선의 라돈농도 분포 및 특성에 관한 연구
최성우(Seongwoo Choi),차영욱(Youngwook Cha),조영만(Youngman Cho),조정구(Jeonggu Cho) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.1
목적 : 실내 라돈은 제한된 공간에서 인체 건강에 심각한 악영향을 미친다. 도시철도 역사 대부분은 지하공간에 위치하고, 지하철과 같은 지하공간은 라돈성분이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 방법 : RAD-7을 이용하여 지하철 1호선에서 실내공기의 라돈농도를 연속측정하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 측정 결과 40개 지하철역에 측정한 평균 라돈농도는 8.9 Bq/m³이었으며, 심도가 깊은 지하역사에서 상대적으로 높은 라돈농도가 측정되었다. 지하철 운행이 중단되고 환기시설이 가동되지 않는 0시에서 5시에 라돈농도가 증가하였고, 승강장과 대합실에서 측정한 평균 라돈농도는 온도가 낮을수록 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 부산 지하철 1호선은 비화강암 지역에 위치하여 상대적으로 낮은 라돈농도가 나타났다. Objective : Adverse health effects of Radon with a particular focus on indoor environment has been outlined. Most of the metro stations and platforms are situated under the ground where relatively enhanced concentration of radon has been observed. Method : On-line measurements of indoor Radon have been made in Metro Line 1 in Busan using RAD-7. Results and Discussion : The average concentration of Radon was 8.9 Bq/m³ (n=40). In general, a positive relation was shown between the level of radon and the depth of station. Slightly enhanced radon concentrations were observed between 0 a.m. ~ 5 a.m. when the station is closed under the non-operation of ventilation system. Interestingly, the negative relation was seen between the radon revel and temperature. Conclusions : Relatively low levels of indoor radon has been observed in Metro Line 1 in Busan, which may be associated with geographical location of non-granite regions.