Drug adsorption and anti-microbial activity of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Saxena, Megha,Mittal, Disha,Boudh, Richa,Kumar, Kapinder,Verma, Anita K.,Saxena, Reena Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.11 No.6

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first oxidized (O-CNTs) to introduce carboxylic group and then further functionalized (F-CNTs) with m-phenylenediamine, which was confirmed by FTIR and SEM. It was used as an effective adsorbent for the adsorptive removal of diclofenac drug from water. Under optimum conditions of pH 6, stirring speed 600 rpm, the maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 532 mg g^-1 which is superior to the values reported in literature. The adsorption was quite rapid as 25 mg L^-1 drug solution was adsorbed in only 3 minutes of contact time with 10 mg of adsorbent dose. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were studied using various models to evaluate the adsorption process. The results showed that the data best fit in kinetics pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, the oxidized and functionalized MWCNTs were applied on gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus using agar disc diffusion assay to validate their anti-microbial activity. Results were unique as both oxidized and functionalized MWCNTs were equally active against both E. coli and S. aureus. The newly synthesized F-CNTs have great potential in water treatment, with their dual action of removing drug and pathogens from water, makes it potential applicant to save environment.

Systematic review of the effectiveness of homoeopathy in the treatment of autism spectrum disorder

Vibha Saxena,Gish Chacko,Udit Saxena 한국언어재활사협회 2021 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.6 No.1

Purpose: Over the years there is a significant increase in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), yet there is no standard medical treatment available for this population. Homoeopathy as reported in literature can prove to be a boon for ASD treatment as in homoeopathy patients are prescribed medicine based on specific symptoms in light of associated physical and mental aspect. A systematic review of literature was required to put together the reported information on the relation between homoeopathy and ASD. This work reviews all the related literature in-depth. Methods: Literature on the concerned issue was searched from databases like Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, JASTOR, Google Scholar, PsycINFO (psychology and psychiatry literature), and ERIC (Education Resources Information Center). Results: In total, 19 published articles were found on the investigation of using homoeopathy in the treatment of ASD. Seventeen studies showed that homoeopathy can be effective in the treatment of ASD. Result of 1 study was inconclusive and 1 more study found homoeopathy to be not suitable in treating ASD. Conclusions: Most reports support the use of homoeopathy in the treatment of ASD. They describe that homoeopathy efficiently control ASD symptoms and also supplements other therapies used in the treatment of ASD. Few authors suggested otherwise too.

Efficient IoT Gateway over 5G Wireless: A New Design with Prototype and Implementation Results

Saxena, Navrati,Roy, Abhishek,Sahu, Bharat J. R.,Kim, HanSeok IEEE 2017 IEEE communications magazine Vol.55 No.2

<P>The growth of loT is expected to herald a better quality of life and open up new industrial opportunities. However, it is also raising new challenges in resource constrained wireless networks. Originally designed for human-to-human wireless communications, present wireless networks fail to satisfy the huge connectivity and varying traffic requirements of loT. Next generation 5G wireless networks are expected to exploit emerging features, like mmWave, massive MIMO, and C-RAN, for providing the enormous connectivity, resource pooling, and energy efficiency required to support commercial rollout of loT. Exploring these emerging features, we develop 5G-enabled loT gateways to communicate with the RRI Is of 5G C: RAN. The gateways are endowed with efficient compression schemes to significantly improve uplink resource utilization. Our 5G C-RAN prototyping and laboratory experimental results point out a huge opportunity for supporting a massive number of loT-enabled devices by sophisticated 5G C-RAN deployment and efficient loT gateway development.</P>

A Novel Test Structure for Process Control Monitor for Un-Cooled Bolometer Area Array Detector Technology

Saxena, R.S.,Bhan, R.K.,Jalwania, C.R.,Lomash, S.K. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.4

This paper presents the results of a novel test structure for process control monitor for uncooled IR detector technology of microbolometer arrays. The proposed test structure is based on resistive network configuration. The theoretical model for resistance of this network has been developed using 'Compensation' and 'Superposition' network theorems. The theoretical results of proposed resistive network have been verified by wired hardware testing as well as using an actual 16x16 networked bolometer array. The proposed structure uses simple two-level metal process and is easy to integrate with standard CMOS process line. The proposed structure can imitate the performance of actual fabricated version of area array closely and it uses only 32 pins instead of 512 using conventional method for a $16{\times}16$ array. Further, it has been demonstrated that the defective or faulty elements can be identified vividly using extraction matrix, whose values are quite similar(within the error of 0.1%), which verifies the algorithm in small variation case(${\sim}1%$ variation). For example, an element, intentionally damaged electrically, has been shown to have the difference magnitude much higher than rest of the elements(1.45 a.u. as compared to ${\sim}$ 0.25 a.u. of others), confirming that it is defective. Further, for the devices having non-uniformity ${\leq}$ 10%, both the actual non-uniformity and faults are predicted well. Finally, using our analysis, we have been able to grade(pass or fail) 60 actual devices based on quantitative estimation of non-uniformity ranging from < 5% to > 20%. Additionally, we have been able to identify the number of bad elements ranging from 0 to > 15 in above devices.

ON A GENERALIZED FUNCTION OF n VARIABLES

Saxena, R.K. Department of Mathematics 1974 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.14 No.2

Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Cabbage Cultivars Using RAPD and SSR Markers

Saxena, Bhawna,Kaur, Rajinder,Bhardwaj, Satya Vrat 한국작물학회 2011 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.14 No.3

Genetic relationship and diversity among seven cabbage cultivars were analyzed using RAPD and SSR markers. These cultivars are of great commercial value in India and are confirmed for their reaction to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. However, so far the extent of genetic diversity and relatedness has not been studied in these cultivars. A total of 17 selected RAPD primers generated 90 bands, 76 of which were polymorphic (84.44%). In addition, 27 selected SSR primers generated 67 amplified bands with 59 of which were polymorphic (87.6%). Though both the marker techniques were able to discriminate the cultivars effectively, analysis of combined data of markers (RAPD and SSR) resulted in better distinction of cultivars. By combining both the markers, a total of 157 bands were detected of which 135 bands (85.98%) were polymorphic, i.e. an average of 5.95 bands per primer. High level of polymorphism (> 85%) recorded with two different marker systems indicated a high level of genetic variation existing among the cultivars. Genetic relationship estimated using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard's) values between different pairs of cultivars varied from 0.21 to 0.77 in RAPD, 0.42 to 0.82 in SSR, and 0.43 to 0.89 with combined markers. A high correspondence had been recorded between the values of genetic variations generated by UPGMA, clustering, and scatter plot diagrams. The cultivars 'January King Sel. Improved' and 'Golden Acre' are highly divergent cultivars as demonstrated by both the marker systems.

Evidence-based Screening, Early Diagnosis and Treatment Strategy of Cervical Cancer for National Policy in Low-resource countries: Example of India

Saxena, Upma,Sauvaget, Catherine,Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Cervical cancer remains the most frequent cancer in women from the developing world. More than 88% of deaths occur in low-income countries, and it is predicted to climb to 91.5% by 2030. Although Pap-based screening programmes have shown to be effective in reducing the disease burden in high-resource countries, implementation and sustention of cytology-based programmes is quite challenging in low-resource settings. The present paper reviews evidence-based alternatives of screening methods, triaging algorithm, treatment of cervical precancerous lesions, and age-group at screening appropriate for low-income countries. Evidence shows that visual inspection methods using diluted acid acetic or Lugol's iodine, and HPV-DNA testing are more sensitive tests than the Pap-smear screening test. Visual inspection allows an immediate result and, when appropriate, may be immediately followed by cryotherapy, the so called "screen-and-treat" approach, achieved in a single visit, by trained nurses and midwives. Examples of cervical cancer prevention programmes in India and selected low-income countries are given.

Authentication and Authorization Scheme for Various User Roles and Devices in Smart Grid

Saxena, Neetesh,Bong Jun Choi,Rongxing Lu IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on information forensics and sec Vol.11 No.5

<P>The smart grid, as the next generation of the power grid, is characterized by employing many different types of intelligent devices, such as intelligent electronic devices located at substations, smart meters positioned in the home area network, and outdoor field equipment deployed in the fields. In addition, there are various users in the smart grid network, including customers, operators, maintenance personnel, and so on, who use these devices for various purposes. Therefore, a secure and efficient mutual authentication and authorization scheme is needed in the smart grid to prevent various insider and outsider attacks on many different devices. In this paper, we propose an authentication and authorization scheme for mitigating outsider and insider threats in the smart grid by verifying the user authorization and performing the user authentication together whenever a user accesses the devices. The proposed scheme computes each user role dynamically using an attribute-based access control and verifies the identity of the user together with the device. Security and performance analysis show that the proposed scheme resists various insider as well as outsider attacks, and is more efficient in terms of communication and computation costs in comparison with the existing schemes. The correctness of the proposed scheme is also proved using BAN-Logic and Proverif.</P>

Active VM Consolidation for Cloud Data Centers under Energy Saving Approach

Saxena, Shailesh,Khan, Mohammad Zubair,Singh, Ravendra,Noorwali, Abdulfattah International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.11

Cloud computing represent a new era of computing that's forms through the combination of service-oriented architecture (SOA), Internet and grid computing with virtualization technology. Virtualization is a concept through which every cloud is enable to provide on-demand services to the users. Most IT service provider adopt cloud based services for their users to meet the high demand of computation, as it is most flexible, reliable and scalable technology. Energy based performance tradeoff become the main challenge in cloud computing, as its acceptance and popularity increases day by day. Cloud data centers required a huge amount of power supply to the virtualization of servers for maintain on- demand high computing. High power demand increase the energy cost of service providers as well as it also harm the environment through the emission of CO₂. An optimization of cloud computing based on energy-performance tradeoff is required to obtain the balance between energy saving and QoS (quality of services) policies of cloud. A study about power usage of resources in cloud data centers based on workload assign to them, says that an idle server consume near about 50% of its peak utilization power [1]. Therefore, more number of underutilized servers in any cloud data center is responsible to reduce the energy performance tradeoff. To handle this issue, a lots of research proposed as energy efficient algorithms for minimize the consumption of energy and also maintain the SLA (service level agreement) at a satisfactory level. VM (virtual machine) consolidation is one such technique that ensured about the balance of energy based SLA. In the scope of this paper, we explore reinforcement with fuzzy logic (RFL) for VM consolidation to achieve energy based SLA. In this proposed RFL based active VM consolidation, the primary objective is to manage physical server (PS) nodes in order to avoid over-utilized and under-utilized, and to optimize the placement of VMs. A dynamic threshold (based on RFL) is proposed for over-utilized PS detection. For over-utilized PS, a VM selection policy based on fuzzy logic is proposed, which selects VM for migration to maintain the balance of SLA. Additionally, it incorporate VM placement policy through categorization of non-overutilized servers as- balanced, under-utilized and critical. CloudSim toolkit is used to simulate the proposed work on real-world work load traces of CoMon Project define by PlanetLab. Simulation results shows that the proposed policies is most energy efficient compared to others in terms of reduction in both electricity usage and SLA violation.

Introduction to Special Issue: Science, Diplomacy and a Case of Institutions in Eurasia

Saxena Siddharth S. 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2023 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.14 No.1

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