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Kazuhiro Nishikawa,Satoshi Ogata,Toshihiro Shoyama,Wan-Sick Cho,Tae-Sick Yoon,Masakiyo Tsunoda,Migaku Takahashi 한국자기학회 2002 Journal of Magnetics Vol.7 No.3
Three fabrication techniques for forming thin barrier layer with uniform thickness and large barrier height in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) are discussed. First, the effect of immiscible element addition to Cu layer, a high conducting layer generally placed under the MTJ, is investigated in order to reduce the surface roughness of the bottom ferromagnetic layer, on which the barrier is formed. The Ag addition to the Cu layer successfully realizes the smooth surface of the ferromagnetic layer because of the suppression of the grain growth of Cu. Second, a new plasma source, characterized as low electron energy of 1 eV and high density of 10¹² ㎝-³, is introduced to the Al oxidation process in MTJ fabrication in order to reduce damages to the barrier layer by the ion-bombardment. The magnetotransport properties of the MTJs are investigated as a function of the annealing temperature. As a peculiar feature, the monotonous decrease of resistance area product (RA) is observed with increasing the annealing temperature. The decrease of the RA is due to the decrease of the effective barrier width. Third, the influence of the mixed inert gas species for plasma oxidization process of metallic Al layer on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) was investigated. By the use of Kr-O₂ plasma for Al oxidation process, a 58.8% of MR ratio was obtained at room temperature after annealing the junction at 300℃, while the achieved TMR ratio of the MTJ fabricated with usual Ar-O₂ plasma remained 48.4%. A faster oxidization rate of the Al layer by using Kr-O₂ plasma is a possible cause to prevent the over oxidization of Al layer and to realize a large magnetoresistance.
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Single-Stage Endoscopic Stone Extraction and Cholecystectomy during the Same Hospitalization
Toshiaki Terauchi,Hiroharu Shinozaki,Satoshi Shinozaki,Yuichi Sasakura,Masaru Kimata,Junji Furukawa,Alan Kawarai Lefor,Yoshiro Ogata,Kenji Kobayashi 대한소화기내시경학회 2019 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.52 No.1
Background/Aims: The clinical impact of single-stage endoscopic stone extraction by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization remains elusive. This study aimed to determine the effcacy and safety ofsingle-stage ERCP and cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization in patients with cholangitis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 166 patients who underwent ERCP for mild to moderate cholangitis dueto choledocholithiasis secondary to cholecystolithiasis from 2012 to 2016. Results: Complete stone extraction was accomplished in 92% of patients (152/166) at the first ERCP. Among 152 patients whounderwent complete stone extraction, cholecystectomy was scheduled for 119 patients (78%). Cholecystectomy was performed duringthe same hospitalization in 89% of patients (106/119). We compared two groups of patients: those who underwent cholecystectomyduring the same hospitalization (n=106) and those who underwent cholecystectomy during a subsequent hospitalization (n=13). In thedelayed group, cholecystectomy was performed about three months after the first ERCP. There were no significant differences betweenthe groups in terms of operative time, rate of postoperative complications, and interval from cholecystectomy to discharge. Conclusions: Single-stage endoscopic stone extraction is recommended in patients with mild to moderate acute cholangitis due tocholedocholithiasis. The combination of endoscopic stone extraction and cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization is safe andfeasible.
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Running exercise and food restriction affect bone chemical properties in young female rats
Yuki Aikawa,Yuich Noma,Umon Agata,Yuya Kakutani,Satoshi Hattori,Hitomi Ogata,Ken Kiyono,Naomi Omi 한국운동영양학회 2023 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.27 No.2
[Purpose] To investigate the effects of a combination of running and food restriction on the chemical properties of the bone in young female rats using Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we investigated whether the chemical property parameters correlated with the bone-breaking strength. [Methods] Female Sprague–Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary and ad libitum feeding (SED, n = 8), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding (EX, n = 8), sedentary and 30% food-restricted (SED-FR, n = 8), and voluntary running exercise and 30% food-restricted (EX- FR, n = 8). The experiment was conducted for a period of 12 weeks. Four parameters measured by Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the bone chemical quality. [Results] Exercise and restriction had significant interactions on the mineral to matrix ratio. The mineral-to-matrix ratio in the SED-FR group was significantly higher than that in the SED group and significantly lower in the EX-FR group than that in the SED-FR group. Running exercise had significant effects on increasing the crystallinity and carbonate-to-phosphate ratio. In the ad libitum intake condition, there were significant positive correlations between breaking energy and crystallinity (r = 0.593) and between breaking energy and carbonate-to-phosphate ratio (r = 0.854). [Conclusion] Our findings show that running exercise and food restriction, alone or in combination, affect the chemical properties of bone. Furthermore, under ad libitum intake conditions, positive correlations were found between the breaking energy and crystallinity, or carbonate-to-phosphate ratio.
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A New Estimation Method by Utilizing On-Line Tracking Simulator
Makoto Nakaya,Akio Nakabayashi,Tetsuya Ohtani,Yoshihiro Ikegaya,Satoshi Asawa,Nobuhiko Terashima,Yuji Izawa,Marina Gravina Ogata 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
In the chemical process, it is hard to describe the polymer property by a rigorous model based on the physical and chemical theory. The soft sensor with the statistical data processing is often used for modeling to monitor and to control the polymer quality. We confirmed regarding the estimation accuracy that using data from the on-line tracking simulator is better than using data from the conventional use of the soft sensor. The on-line tracking simulatorperfectly simulates the target and provides the virtual input data which can not be measured by the soft sensor on the real time. We propose the application of the rigorous and the statistical model to the plant operation.
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