Nutrient Digestibility and Metabolizable Energy Content of Mucuna pruriens Whole Pods Fed to Growing Pelibuey Lambs

Loyra-Tzab, Enrique,Sarmiento-Franco, Luis Armando,Sandoval-Castro, Carlos Alfredo,Santos-Ricalde, Ronald Herve Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.7

The nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and in vivo metabolizable energy supply of Mucuna pruriens whole pods fed to growing Pelibuey lambs was investigated. Eight Pelibuey sheep housed in metabolic crates were fed increasing levels of Mucuna pruriens pods: 0 (control), 100 (Mucuna100), 200 (Mucuna200) and 300 (Mucuna300) g/kg dry matter. A quadratic (p<0.002) effect was observed for dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (aNDF), nitrogen (N) and gross energy (GE) intakes with higher intakes in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Increasing M. pruriens in the diets had no effect (p>0.05) on DM and GE apparent digestibility (p<0.05). A linear reduction in N digestibility and N retention was observed with increasing mucuna pod level. This effect was accompanied by a quadratic effect (p<0.05) on fecal-N and N-balance which were higher in the Mucuna100 and Mucuna200 treatments. Urine-N excretion, GE retention and dietary estimated nutrient supply (metabolizable protein and metabolizable energy) were not affected (p>0.05). DM, N and GE apparent digestibility coefficient of M. pruriens whole pods obtained through multiple regression equations were 0.692, 0.457, 0.654 respectively. In vivo DE and ME content of mucuna whole pod were estimated in 11.0 and 9.7 MJ/kg DM. It was concluded that whole pods from M. pruriens did not affect nutrient utilization when included in an mixed diet up to 200 g/kg DM. This is the first in vivo estimation of mucuna whole pod ME value for ruminants.

Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing Rabbits by Two Methods

Safwat, A.M.,Sarmiento-Franco, L.,Santos-Ricalde, R.H.,Nieves, D.,Sandoval-Castro, C.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and $TiO_2$ marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits ($1.81{\pm}0.19kg$ live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore $TiO_2$ as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

Enzymatic browning and genome-wide polyphenol oxidase gene identification in three contrasting avocado accessions

Higuera-Rubio Jesús M.,Ibarra-Laclette Enrique,Reyes-López Miguel A.,Sandoval-Castro Eduardo,Cruz-Mendívil Abraham,Vega-García Misael O.,Calderón-Vázquez Carlos L. 한국식물생명공학회 2022 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.16 No.4

This study aims to disentangle avocado enzymatic browning by identifying and analyzing the PPO coding genes. Two avocado accessions (AVO48 and San Miguel) and the Hass cultivar with contrasting browning kinetics and enzyme activity levels were selected for gene characterization. Upon 90 min of light exposure, Hass and San Miguel showed a greater decrease in luminosity retention (closer to 40% of initial luminosity) compared to AVO48 (85% of luminosity). PPO activity in crude extracts was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in San Miguel (696 U μg-1 protein) than Hass (174 U μg-1 protein) and AVO48 (46–56 U μg-1 protein). San Miguel showed a higher Vmax Km-1 ratio (20.88 min-1), followed by Hass (14.29 min-1) and AVO48 (1.64 min-1), suggesting that San Miguel and Hass have higher substrate affinity. Four PPO coding genes: PamPPO1, PamPPO2, PamPPO3 and PamPPO4 were identified in the Hass genome, all of them containing the main features of plant PPOs, but with specific amino acid combinations in the catalytic pocket of the tyrosinase domain; suggesting that PPO1, PPO2 and PPO4 have monophenolase activity, whereas PPO3, has o-diphenolase activity. The evidence of transcription of PPO3 in fruit of the three genotypes suggests an important role for this gene in avocado pulp browning. PPO2 expression was only found in AVO48. This research provides gene candidates for selective silencing to reduce enzymatic browning.

Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing Rabbits by Two Methods

A.M. Safwat,L. Sarmiento-Franco,R.H. Santos-Ricalde,D. Nieves,C.A. Sandoval-Castro 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.8

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing rabbits fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and TiO2 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 California growing rabbits (1.81±0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six rabbits each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg titanium dioxide as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and crude fiber (CF) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of DM, OM, CP, CF, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of CF from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore TiO2 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in rabbit diets.

An approach to solving the forward kinematics of the 5-RPUR (3T2R) parallel manipulator

Jaime Gallardo-Alvarado,Mario A. Garcia-Murillo,Luis D. Aguilera-Camacho,Luis A. Alcaraz-Caracheo,X. Yamile Sandoval-Castro 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.3

This work is devoted to simplifying the formulation and solution of the closure equations associated with the forward kinematic problem (FKP) of the 5-RPUR parallel manipulator, a limited-DOF robot able to perform 3T2R motion. The analysis yields a set of eighteen nonlinear equations that are solved numerically through a combination of the homotopy continuation method and the usual Newton-Raphson technique. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach is easy to follow and can be easily translated into computer codes. Numerical examples are provided with the aim to illustrate the potential and correctness of the proposed method.