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Chlorodifluoromethane (R22) Gas and Its Mixtures with CO2/N2/Air as an Alternative to SF6
Saleem Muhammad Zaheer,Kamran Muhammad,Amin Salman,Ullah Rahmat,Abbas Kharal Hafiz Shafqat,Nasimullah,Muhammad Fazal,Rahman Taqi ur 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3
SF 6 has been extensively deployed in high voltage gas insulated equipment to be used as a dielectric medium since 1960 because of its excellent dielectric strength and arc interruption performance. This research proposes promising substitute of SF 6 , by investigating a refrigerant gas such as Chlorodifl uoromethane (CHClF 2 ) with a mixture of CO 2 /N 2 /Air to mitigate environmental hazards of SF 6 . R 22 has less atmospheric life and low cost as compared to SF 6 . It has less GWP (1,810) as compared to SF 6 (23,900). In this research, the AC and DC breakdown properties of R 22 mixtures along with varying ratios of CO 2 , N 2, and Air were investigated. The best alternative to SF 6 has been found to be a mixture of R 22 + N 2 which is close to 81% of SF 6 dielectric strength. The dielectric strength of diff erent optimal mixtures was found in the order of SF 6 > R 22 + N 2 > R 22 + Air > R 22 + CO 2 under AC voltage at 0.4 MPa. Moreover, the boiling point and GWP were further reduced by adding the buff er gases such as N 2, , CO 2 , and Air. R 22 also has acceptable insulation self-recoverability and liquefaction temperature. The results of this study are promising in terms of low cost and environment-friendly alternative to SF 6 .
Characterization of regular semigroup by (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy ideals
Muhammad Sajjad Ali Khan,Saleem Abdullah,Khaista Rahman,Syed Zaheer Abbas 원광대학교 기초자연과학연구소 2017 ANNALS OF FUZZY MATHEMATICS AND INFORMATICS Vol.13 No.3
In this article we define the notion of (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy left (right) ideals, (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy (generalized) bi-ideals, (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy interior ideals and (∈, ∈∨(k*, q_k))-fuzzy quasi-ideals in semigroups. Finally we characterized regular semigroup by the properties of these ideals.
Optical Spectroscopic Analysis Techniques to Detect Elemental Profile of Human Teeth Dentine
Saifullah Jamali,Muhammad Aslam Khoso,Irfan Ali Sanjrani,Hussain Saleem,Tariq Ali Siyal,Muhammad Ashraf,Mansoor Ahmed Memon,Ghulam Murtaza,Zahid Hussain Arain,Zaheer Ahmed Ujjan,Muhammad Niaz Laghari International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.3
Numerous articles under the study and the examination of heavy metals in human teeth have been published in recent years. The heavy metal poisoning is a widespread issue emerged in toxicology area these days. It has been discovered that long-term exposure to heavy metals typically present in traces, in our everyday meals, drinking water, and in the environment as pollution causes heavy metal poisoning in human beings. Industrial effluents, Coal and Oil, as well as a variety of consumer items, such as cosmetics, can all cause this type of exposure. Teeth, which are often thought of as exoskeleton parts, store heavy metals with a high affinity and represent long-term exposure information. In this study, we have chosen and examined the sections of dentine instead, then examined the entire tooth. We have combined the work done on the examination of heavy metals in human teeth using several instrumental approaches e.g. "Optical Spectroscopic Techniques" to detect elemental profile of human teeth in the current study.