The gastronomic cultures' impact on the African cuisine

Serdar Oktay,Saide Sadıkoglu 한국식품연구원 2018 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.5 No.2

Background: The countries of the African continent have had centuries of European colonial rule. Historically, African countries have been influenced by gastronomic cultures of the colonial European countries and eventually developed their own gastronomic culture. Every country has adopted a different food culture from a neighboring society and every society has taken the food culture from those who migrated from far away countries. Methods: In this study, literature search was carried out on the gastronomic cultures transferred to African cuisines. Zimbabwe in the west, Nigeria in the east, Morocco in the north and Republic of South Africa in the south were selected for the research. Scientific researches, articles, graduate theses, printed scientific books and historical documents were examined for this study. Results: We see that African countries still use the culinary culture they received from the European civilizations they lived in the past years. Conclusion: The foods that they have transferred to their own country's culinary cultures still continue to be consumed with fondness. Historical relations play a very important role when evaluating the country kitchens.

The Effect of Supplementation of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Vascular Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes

Nilsel Okudan,Hu¨lagu Barısxkaner,Hakkı Go¨kbel,Aysxe Saide Sxahin,Muaz Belviranlı,Hatice Baysal 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.11

Increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation could underlie many of the vascular complications associated with diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of supplementation with grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a natural antioxidant, on vascular responses and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control rats, untreated diabetic rats, and GSPE (100 mg/kg, for 6 weeks)-supplemented diabetic rats. Thoracic aorta rings of the rats were mounted in organ baths, and relaxant responses to acetylcholine (ACh), A23187, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were assayed in tissues precontracted with 60mM KCl. Plasma samples used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The endothelium-dependent relaxations in response to ACh and A23187 were impaired, but endothelium-independent relaxation in response to SNP did not change in diabetic rats. Supplementation with GSPE significantly improved the relaxant responses to ACh and A23187. The MDA level was significantly elevated and the plasma SOD activity was decreased in diabetic rats, but supplementation with GSPE attenuated the elevated MDA levels and increased plasma SOD activity. Thus supplementation of GSPE may attenuate oxidative stress through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and may restore endothelial function and reduce the risk of vascular disease in diabetes.

Diurnal variation of aerosol optical depth and PM_2.5 in South Korea: a synthesis from AERONET, satellite (GOCI), KORUS-AQ observation, and the WRF-Chem model

Lennartson, Elizabeth M.,Wang, Jun,Gu, Juping,Castro Garcia, Lorena,Ge, Cui,Gao, Meng,Choi, Myungje,Saide, Pablo E.,Carmichael, Gregory R.,Kim, Jhoon,Janz, Scott J. Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.20

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Spatial distribution of diurnal variations of aerosol properties in South Korea, both long term and short term, is studied by using 9 AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sites from 1999 to 2017 and an additional 10 sites during the KORUS-AQ (Korea-United States Air Quality) field campaign in May and June of 2016. The extent to which the WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting coupled with Chemistry) model and the GOCI (Geostationary Ocean Color Imager) satellite retrieval can describe these variations is also analyzed. On a daily average, aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550<span class='thinspace'></span>nm is 0.386 and shows a diurnal variation of 20 to <span class='inline-formula'>−30</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% in inland sites, which is larger than the AOD of 0.308 and diurnal variation of <span class='inline-formula'>±20</span><span class='thinspace'></span>% seen in coastal sites. For all the inland and coastal sites, AERONET, GOCI, and WRF-Chem, and observed PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5<span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>µ</span>m) data generally show dual peaks for both AOD and PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span>, one in the morning (often at <span class='inline-formula'>∼08</span>:00-10:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, Korea Standard Time, especially for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5)</span> and another in the early afternoon (<span class='inline-formula'>∼14</span>:00<span class='thinspace'></span>KST, albeit for PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> this peak is smaller and sometimes insignificant). In contrast, Ångström exponent values in all sites are between 1.2 and 1.4 with the exception of the inland rural sites having smaller values near 1.0 during the early morning hours. All inland sites experience a pronounced increase in the Ångström exponent from morning to evening, reflecting an overall decrease in particle size in daytime. To statistically obtain the climatology of diurnal variation of AOD, a minimum requirement of <span class='inline-formula'>∼2</span> years of observation is needed in coastal rural sites, twice as long as that required for the urban sites, which suggests that the diurnal variation of AOD in an urban setting is more distinct and persistent. While Korean GOCI satellite retrievals are able to consistently capture the diurnal variation of AOD (although it has a systematically low bias of 0.04 on average and up to 0.09 in later afternoon hours), WRF-Chem clearly has a deficiency in describing the relative change of peaks and variations between the morning and afternoon, suggesting further studies for the diurnal profile of emissions. Furthermore, the ratio between PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> and AOD in WRF-Chem is persistently larger than the observed counterparts by 30<span class='thinspace'></span>%-50<span class='thinspace'></span>% in different sites, but spatially no consistent diurnal variation pattern of this ratio can be found. Overall, the relatively small diurnal variation of PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> is in high contrast with large AOD diurnal variation, which suggests the large diurnal variation of AOD-PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> relationships (with the PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span><span class='thinspace'></span><span class='inline-formula'>∕</span><span class='thinspace'></span>AOD ratio being largest in the early morning, decreasing around noon, and increasing in late afternoon) and, therefore, the need to use AOD from<span id='page15126'/> geostationary satellites to constrain either modeling or estimate of surface PM<span class='inline-formula'>_2.5</span> for air quality application.</p> </P>

Blind Channel Estimation and Equalization

Said Elkassimi,Said Safi,B. Manaut 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.12

This paper presents the problem of blind channel estimation of a non-minimum phase system using three algorithms. These algorithms play an important role for blindly estimate the parameters of radio mobile channel. Thus studying the problem of blind channel equalization based on, the proposed algorithm, CMA and SKMAA algorithms. The simulation results in noisy environment and for different SNR values demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more performing than other algorithms. In addition the Sign Kurtosis Maximization Adaptive Algorithm (SKMAA) is more powerful in comparison to constant modulus algorithm (CMA) at the blind channel equalization, that is to say gives the right equalization.

Highly Efficient Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor

Said Drid,Abdesslam Makouf,Mohamed-Said Nait-Said,Mohamed Tadjine 대한전기학회 2007 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.2 No.4

This paper deals with the high efficient vector control for the reduction of copper losses of the doubly fed motor. Firstly, the feedback linearization control based on Lyapunov approach is employed to design the underlying controller achieving the double fluxes orientation. The fluxes' controllers are designed independently of the speed. The speed controller is designed using the Lyapunov method especially employed to the unknown load torques. The global asymptotic stability of the overall system is theoretically proven. Secondly, a new Torque Copper Losses Factor is proposed to deal with the problem of the machine copper losses. Its main function is to optimize the torque in keeping the machine saturation at an acceptable level. This leads to a reduction in machine currents and therefore their accompanied copper losses guaranteeing improved machine efficiency. The simulation and experimental results in comparative presentation confirm largely the effectiveness of the proposed DFIM control with a very interesting energy saving contribution.

Highly Efficient Control of the Doubly Fed Induction Motor

Drid, Said,Makouf, Abdesslam,Nait-Said, Mohamed-Said,Tadjine, Mohamed The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2007 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.2 No.4

This paper deals with the high efficient vector control for the reduction of copper losses of the doubly fed motor. Firstly, the feedback linearization control based on Lyapunov approach is employed to design the underlying controller achieving the double fluxes orientation. The fluxes# controllers are designed independently of the speed. The speed controller is designed using the Lyapunov method especially employed to the unknown load torques. The global asymptotic stability of the overall system is theoretically proven. Secondly, a new Torque Copper Losses Factor is proposed to deal with the problem of the machine copper losses. Its main function is to optimize the torque in keeping the machine saturation at an acceptable level. This leads to a reduction in machine currents and therefore their accompanied copper losses guaranteeing improved machine efficiency. The simulation and experimental results in comparative presentation confirm largely the effectiveness of the proposed DFIM control with a very interesting energy saving contribution.

Versatile General Elliptic Open Channel Cross Section

Said M. Easa 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.4

This paper proposes a versatile open channel cross-section (or simply section) with General Elliptic (GE) sides and horizontal bottom. The GE section includes four parameters that provide more degrees of freedom to accommodate multiple physical constraints and produce better optimal solutions. The proposed section provides as special cases numerous sections such as elliptic, circular, triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular. The dimensions of GE section that minimize construction cost of excavation and composite linings are determined using mathematical optimization. Constraints on channel discharge and geometry (e.g. flow depth, top width, and side slope) are included. The model was validated and its performance was compared with other known sections. The results show that the GE section improves construction cost by up to 10%-12% compared with the ordinary elliptic section which has been recently shown to outperform most known open channel sections.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field in the Vicinity of the Transformer Station of Overhead Power Lines

Said Ghnimi,Adnen Rajhi,Ali Gharsallah,Youssef Bizid 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.4

This paper studies the magnetic fields between the power lines which are finite length and other ones which are infinitely long around the first tower in the proximity of the power transformers. They will be used as a source of disturbance applied to the power line. The method applied in this study was gradual; develop the theoretical formulation of the magnetic fields of these lines which are finite length and other ones which are infinitely long, examine the effects of different couplings between the different neighboring lines and the distribution transformers on behavior of magnetic fields. The method also focused on the experimental results analyzing the magnetic fields which will be used as a source applied to the auditory implants EMC. The theoretical and experimental results were compared and discussed for three power lines (90kV, 150kV and 225kV) near the power station, and it proved the effect of these substations on the simulated and measured results of the magnetic field. The maximum intensities of magnetic fields measured at the height of 1m from the ground for the circuit of three lines close to each substation were significantly lower than the ICNIRP reference levels for occupational and non occupational exposures.

New Delay Dependent Robust Stability Criteria for T–S Fuzzy Systems with Constant Delay

Said Idrissi,El Houssaine Tissir,Ismail Boumhidi,Noreddine Chaibi 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.5

This paper deals with the problem of delay dependent robust stability for T–S fuzzy time delay systems. The approach based on constructing a new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional by dividing uniformly the delay interval into N segment with N is positive integer, and using Finsler’s lemma. This new Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is chosen with different weighted matrices corresponding to dif-ferent segments. The perturbations considered are norm bounded, and the results are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMIs). Numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the present method, compared with some recent previous ones.

2D Inverse Problem in a Distributed Parameter System

Said Rachidi,Rafik Channa,Asma Karama 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2013 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.11 No.6

In this paper, we present a numerical solution for an inverse heat problem to estimate 2D space-wise coefficient in a parabolic system describing heat transfer. The inverse problem is recast into an optimization problem solved with a conjugate gradient method. This approach use the non linear optimization formulation by minimizing a cost function taking into account both the measured outputs of the system and the outputs calculated by means of the model. The solution is performed by using the free finite element software FreeFem. Numerical example is carried out to check the validity of the proposed method.