Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

M. G. Haider,E. H. Chowdhury,M. A. H. N. A. Khan,M. T. Hossain,M. S. Rahman,송희종,M. M. Hossain 한국가금학회 2008 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of 106 CFU, 107 CFU, 2 × 107 CFU, 108 CFU of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed 1st week, 2nd, 3rd and 4th weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

Haider, M.G.,Chowdhury, E.H.,Khan, M.A.H.N.A.,Hossain, M.T.,Rahman, M.S.,Song, H.J.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이 실험은 추백리의 병원성을 연구하고자 2006년 2월부터 12월까지 Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum 야외주를 분리한 후, 이를 건강한 닭에 실험적으로 감염시킨 다음 임상증상, 여러 기관의 육안 및 조직병리학적 검색과 아울러 공격주의 재분리와 동정을 시도하였다. S. Pullorum에 혈청학적으로 음성인 12주령의 100수의 암탉을 $A{\sim}E$까지 20수씩 5그룹으로 구분하였다. $A{\sim}DS$. Pullorum을 $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$로 각각 경구 감염시켰고, E는 비감염 대조군으로 삼았다. 실험 방법으로는 부검, 조직병리학적 검사, Salmonella에 대한 세균 배양, 염색, 생화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Host plant growth promotion and cadmium detoxification in Solanum nigrum, mediated by endophytic fungi

Khan, A.R.,Ullah, I.,Waqas, M.,Park, G.S.,Khan, A.L.,Hong, S.J.,Ullah, R.,Jung, B.K.,Park, C.E.,Ur-Rehman, S.,Lee, I.J.,Shin, J.H. Academic Press 2017 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.136 No.-

<P>Current investigation conducted to evaluate the associated fungal endophyte interactions of a Cd hyper accumulator Solanum nigrum Korean ecotype under varying concentrations of Cd. Two indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing fungal strains, RSF-4L and RSF-6L, isolated from the leaves of S. nigrum, were initially screened for Cd tolerance and accumulation potential. In terms of dry biomass production, the strain RSF-6L showed higher tolerance and accumulation capacity for Cd toxicity in comparison to RSF-4L. Therefore, RSF-6L was applied in vivo to S. nigrum and grown for six weeks under Cd concentrations of 0, 10, and 30 mg Kg(-1) of dry sand. The effect of fungal inoculation assessed by plant physiological responses, endogenous biochemical regulations, and Cd profile in different tissues. Significant increase were observed in plant growth attributes such as shoot length, root length, dry biomass, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents in inoculated RSF-6L plants in comparison to non-inoculated plants with or without Cd contamination. RSF-6L inoculation decreased uptake of Cd in roots and above ground parts, as evidenced by a low bio-concentration factor (BCF) and improved tolerance index (TI). However, Cd concentration in the leaves remained the same for inoculated and non-inoculated plants under Cd spiking. Fungal inoculation protected the host plants, as evidenced by low peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) activities and high catalase (CAT) activity. Application of appropriate fungal inoculation that can improve tolerance mechanisms of hyper-accumulators and reduce Cd uptake can be recommended for phyto-stabilisation/immobilisation of heavy metals in crop fields. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>

Novel Ag@TiO₂ nanocomposite synthesized by electrochemically active biofilm for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensor

Khan, M.M.,Ansari, S.A.,Lee, J.,Cho, M.H. Elsevier 2013 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.33 No.8

A novel nonenzymatic sensor for H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> was developed based on an Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite synthesized using a simple and cost effective approach with an electrochemically active biofilm. The optical, structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the as-prepared Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite were examined by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite was fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical performance was analyzed by CV, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanocomposite modified GCE (Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE) displayed excellent performance towards H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> sensing at -0.73V in the linear response range from 0.83μM to 43.3μM, within a detection limit and sensitivity of 0.83μM and ~65.2328+/-0.01μAμM<SUP>-1</SUP>cm<SUP>-2</SUP>, respectively. In addition, Ag@TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GCE exhibited good operational reproducibility and long term stability.

PROXIMITY POINTS FOR CYCLIC 2-CONVEX CONTRACTION MAPPINGS

M. S. Khan,M. Menaka,Geno Kadwin Jacob,M. Marudai 경남대학교 수학교육과 2020 Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Applications Vol.25 No.1

In this paper, the existence of proximity point for cyclic 2-convex contractionmappings, weakly cyclic 2-convex contraction mappings and M-weakly cyclic 2-convex con-traction mappings are proved in the metric space setting. Our result is an natural general-ization to result discussed in Istraescu [6].

Gibberellin-producing Serratia nematodiphila PEJ1011 ameliorates low temperature stress in Capsicum annuum L.

Kang, S.M.,Khan, A.L.,Waqas, M.,You, Y.H.,Hamayun, M.,Joo, G.J.,Shahzad, R.,Choi, K.S.,Lee, I.J. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 European journal of soil biology Vol.68 No.-

We studied the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the physio-hormonal attributes of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants grown under low-temperature stress. After initial screening for growth promoting effect on gibberellin (GA) mutant Waito-C rice seeds, the PGPRs were analysed for gibberellins (GA) production through advanced chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Among 17 bacterial isolates, a novel isolate PEJ1011 produced bioactive GA<SUB>4</SUB> (8.65 ng ml<SUP>-1</SUP>) and physiologically inactive GA<SUB>20</SUB> (6.21 ng ml<SUP>-1</SUP>) and GA<SUB>9</SUB> (1.64 ng ml<SUP>-1</SUP>). The isolate PEJ1011 was identified as Serratia nematodiphila PEJ1011 using molecular techniques. To further assess it growth promoting effects, S. nematodiphila PEJ1011 was inoculated to pepper plant, where it significantly improved the growth attributes of pepper plants, while mitigated the deleterious effects of low temperature on pepper exposed to low temperature stress of 5 <SUP>o</SUP>C. It was observed that the inoculated plants grown under normal and low temperature stress contained higher endogenous GA<SUB>4</SUB> contents. To modulate cold stress, the beneficial association of PGPR up-regulated the endogenous ABA levels in pepper plants, while reduced the endogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid contents. This up and down regulation of stress hormones contribute to the immediate adaptation of plants exposed to low temperature stress. Current study showed the significance of S. nematodiphila PEJ1011 association to crops grown under adverse climatic conditions, and also reports the GA producing capacity of genus Serratia for the first time.

Principal Milk Components in Buffalo, Holstein Cross, Indigenous Cattle and Red Chittagong Cattle from Bangladesh

Islam, M.A.,Alam, M.K.,Islam, M.N.,Khan, M.A.S.,Ekeberg, D.,Rukke, E.O.,Vegarud, G.E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.6

The aim of the present study was to get a total physical and chemical characterization and comparison of the principal components in Bangladeshi buffalo (B), Holstein cross (HX), Indigenous cattle (IC) and Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) milk. Protein and casein (CN) composition and type, casein micellar size (CMS), naturally occurring peptides, free amino acids, fat, milk fat globule size (MFGS), fatty acid composition, carbohydrates, total and individual minerals were analyzed. These components are related to technological and nutritional properties of milk. Consequently, they are important for the dairy industry and in the animal feeding and breeding strategies. Considerable variation in most of the principal components of milk were observed among the animals. The milk of RCC and IC contained higher protein, CN, ${\beta}$-CN, whey protein, lactose, total mineral and P. They were more or less similar in most of the all other components. The B milk was found higher in CN number, in the content of ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\kappa}$-CN and ${\beta}$-lactalbumin, free amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, Ca and Ca:P. The B milk was also lower in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin content and had the largest CMS and MFGS. Proportion of CN to whey protein was lower in HX milk and this milk was found higher in ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin and naturally occuring peptides. Considering the results obtained including the ratio of ${\alpha}_{s1}-$, ${\alpha}_{s2}-$, ${\beta}$- and ${\kappa}$-CN, B and RCC milk showed best data both from nutritional and technological aspects.

Metal-organic frameworks as efficient catalytic systems for the synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from 1,2-phenylenediamine and ketones

Timofeeva, M.N.,Panchenko, V.N.,Prikhod'ko, S.A.,Ayupov, A.B.,Larichev, Yu.V.,Khan, Nazmul Abedin,Jhung, Sung Hwa Academic Press 2017 Journal of catalysis Vol.354 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Benzodiazepines and their derivatives are a very important class of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds with biological activity that are widely used in medicine. In this study, we demonstrated synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines from 1,2-phenylenediamine and ketones (acetone, cyclohexanone, acetophenone, methyl ethyl ketone) in the presence of isostructural porous metal-benzenetricarboxylates of the families MIL-100(M) (M: V<SUP>3+</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> and Cr<SUP>3+</SUP>) and three porous aluminium trimesates Al-BTCs (MIL-96(Al), MIL-100(Al) and MIL-110(Al)). A combination of catalytic, theoretical and physicochemical methods showed that reaction rates and yields of 1,5-benzodiazepines were adjusted by the type of metal ions and accessibility of active sites. The yield of 1,5-benzodiazepines in the presence of MIL-100(M) was comparable with zeolites, such as HY, H-ZSM−5, β-zeolite and heulandite.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepines over MIL-100(M), MIL-110 and MIL-96 was studied. </LI> <LI> Effect of Brønsted and Lewis acidity on MIL’s performance was investigated. </LI> <LI> Lewis acidity of MIL-100(Fe, Cr, Al, V) was studied by EPR spectroscopy. </LI> <LI> The type of M<SUP>3+</SUP>(Al, Fe, Cr, V) and structure of MILs affect the yield of product. </LI> <LI> MIL-100(M) samples perform well in compared with zeolites. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Development of Bovine Specific Leptin Radioimmunoassay and Relationship of Plasma Leptin with Vitamin A and Age of Wagyu

Yang, S.H.,Kawachi, H.,Khan, M.A.,Lee, S.Y.,Kim, H.S.,Ha, Jong K.,Lee, W.S.,Lee, H.J.,Ki, K.S.,Kim, S.B.,Sakaguchi, S.,Maruyama, S.,Yano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Leptin is produced by adipocytes and its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, feed intake, productive and reproductive performance of domestic animal species has been greatly stressed and extensively investigated in recent years. This study was conducted to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the estimation of plasma bovine leptin and to determine plasma leptin concentration in fattening Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) and its crossbreds at commercial farms. Relationships of plasma leptin with plasma vitamin A and age of crossbred cattle were also determined. Recombinant bovine leptin (rbleptin) was produced by the E. coli overexpressed leptin as a GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fusion protein. Then antiserum against bovine leptin was obtained by its immunization in rabbits. Using this antiserum, a bovine specific RIA was developed and plasma leptin level was determined in 120 crossbred fattening cattle (WagyuHolstein, 50:50) at commercial farms. The plasma leptin level increased with the age of cattle and its level was greater in the crossbred heifers than in the steers. Plasma vitamin A level was negatively correlated with plasma leptin level in crossbred heifers and steers. This relationship was stronger in heifers than in steers. Plasma leptin was gradually increased with advancing age in fattening Wagyu cattle. In conclusion, development of a bovine specific RIA to estimate plasma leptin will contribute to better understanding of the role of leptin in cattle.

Comparison of Resistance Level to Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) Among Newly Developed Cotton Mutants and Commercial Cultivars

Akhtar, Khalid P.,Khan, Azeem I.,Hussain, M.,Khan, M.S.I. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Four newly developed cotton mutants (M-111, M-7662, M-358 and M-218) were compared for their resistance against Cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV) together with commercial resistant (CIM-443, CIM-482, CIM-473, FH-900 and FH-901) and susceptible (5-12) varieties by artificial inoculation through grafting and under natural field conditions. Infectivity and success of grafting were 100% in all cases. None of the grafted plants were found immune or asymptomatic. All the grafted mutants and most of their single plant progeny rows (SPPRs) showed highly resistant responses as the symptoms displayed by these mutants were milder than the commercial cultivars. Grafted mutants also had delayed disease reactions as they took more time (25-30 days) to produce disease symptoms, as compared with resistant commercial varieties that produced disease 18-22 days after inoculation. Growth of the grafted SPPRs of tested mutants was normal, which is an indication that there will be no production losses. Observations under natural infestation of whitefly showed that two SPPRs of M-ll/CE and M-7662-1/2 and one resistant variety CIM-443 exhibited slight incidence of disease, while one SPPR of M-l1/59 and S-12 were moderately susceptible and highly susceptible with 21% and 97.l% disease incidence, respectively. This study also showed that plants displaying more disease symptoms through grafting were easily infected under natural conditions. These results suggest that preference should be given to those plants that exhibited highly resistant responses after artificial inoculation.