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Primate Model for the Evaluation of Vaginal Contraceptives
Zoneveld, L.J.D.,Bhattacharyya, A.K.,Kim, D-S,Schumacher, G.F.B.,Beluhan, Z. The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 1979 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.6 No.1
A good animal model that simulates the human subject has not been available for the evaluation of the in vivo effectiveness of vaginal contraceptives. After careful consideration, The stumptailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) was studied for its applicability since it has a reproductive tract similar to that of the woman, is easy to handle, does not require tranquilization or anesthesia when the contraceptive is deposited, and breeds and conceives readily under caged conditions. The reported observations show the usefulness of this animal. Both postcoital sperm motility studies and breeding experiments were performed with the use of Delfen vaginal cream and K-Y jelly. K-Y jelly had no effect on the motility of vaginal spermatozoa or on the conception rate of the primates. Although Delfen vaginal cream consistently immobilized all spermatozoa in the postcoital test, half of the animals became pregnant within an average of 3.7 breeding cycles. These results illustrate the discrepancy between spermicidal tests and fertility measurements, and it is recommended that primate-breeding experiments be performed before a spermicide is evaluated in women as a contraceptive. (AM J. OBSTET. GYNECOL, 129:368, 1977.)
Shear strengthening effect by bonded GFRP strips and transverse steel on RC T-beams
K.C. Panda,S.K. Bhattacharyya,S.V. Barai 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.1
This study focuses on shear strengthening performance of simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams bonded by glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) strips in different configuration, orientations and transverse steel reinforcement in different spacing. Eighteen RC T-beams of 2.5 m span are tested. Nine beams are used as control beam. The stirrups are provided in three different spacing such as without stirrups and with stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm and 300 mm. Another nine beams are used as strengthened beams. GFRP strips are bonded in shear zone in U-shape and side shape with two types of orientation of the strip at 45° and 90° to the longitudinal axis of the beam for each type of stirrup spacing. The experimental result indicates that the beam strengthened with GFRP strips at 45° orientation to the longitudinal axis of the beam are much more effective than 90° orientation. Also as transverse steel increases,the effectiveness of the GFRP strips decreases.
Damage detection of multi-storeyed shear structure using sparse and noisy modal data
S.K. Panigrahi,S. Chakraverty,S.K. Bhattacharyya 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.5
In the present paper, a method for identifying damage in a multi storeyed shear building structure is presented using minimum number of modal parameters of the structure. A damage at any level of the structure may lead to a major failure if the damage is not attended at appropriate time. Hence an early detection of damage is essential. The proposed identification methodology requires experimentally determined sparse modal data of any particular mode as input to detect the location and extent of damage in the structure. Here, the first natural frequency and corresponding partial mode shape values are used as input to the model and results are compared by changing the sensor placement locations at different floors to conclude the best location of sensors for accurate damage identification. Initially experimental data are simulated numerically by solving eigen value problem of the damaged structure with inclusion of random noise on the vibration characteristics. Reliability of the procedure has been demonstrated through a few examples of multi storeyed shear structure with different damage scenarios and various noise levels. Validation of the methodology has also been done using dynamic data obtained through experiment conducted on a laboratory scale steel structure.
Shear behaviour of RC T-beams strengthenedwith U-wrapped GFRP sheet
K.C.Panda,S. K. Bhattacharyya,S. V. Barai 국제구조공학회 2012 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.12 No.2
This paper presents an experimental investigation on the performance of 2.5 m long reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened in shear using epoxy bonded glass fibre fabric. Eighteen (18) full scale, simply supported RC T-beams are tested. Nine beams are used as control beam specimens with three different stirrups spacing without glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) sheet and rest nine beams are strengthened in shear with one, two, and three layers of GFRP sheet in the form of U-jacket around the web of T-beams for each type of stirrup spacing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness, the cracking pattern and modes of failure of the GFRP strengthened RC T-beams. The test result indicates that for RC T-beams strengthened in shear with U-jacketed GFRP sheets, increase the load carrying capacity by 10-46%.
Shear strengthening effect by bonded GFRP strips and transverse steel on RC T-beams
Panda, K.C.,Bhattacharyya, S.K.,Barai, S.V. Techno-Press 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.47 No.1
This study focuses on shear strengthening performance of simply supported reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams bonded by glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) strips in different configuration, orientations and transverse steel reinforcement in different spacing. Eighteen RC T-beams of 2.5 m span are tested. Nine beams are used as control beam. The stirrups are provided in three different spacing such as without stirrups and with stirrups at a spacing of 200 mm and 300 mm. Another nine beams are used as strengthened beams. GFRP strips are bonded in shear zone in U-shape and side shape with two types of orientation of the strip at $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ to the longitudinal axis of the beam for each type of stirrup spacing. The experimental result indicates that the beam strengthened with GFRP strips at $45^{\circ}$ orientation to the longitudinal axis of the beam are much more effective than $90^{\circ}$ orientation. Also as transverse steel increases, the effectiveness of the GFRP strips decreases.
T.S. Nidhin,Anindya Bhattacharyya,R.P. Behera,T. Jayanthi,K. Velusamy 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.8
Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are getting more attention in safety-related and safety-criticalapplication development of nuclear power plant instrumentation and control systems. The high logicdensity and advancements in architectural features make static random access memory (SRAM)-basedFPGAs suitable for complex design implementations. Devices deployed in the nuclear environmentface radiation particle strike that causes transient and permanent failures. The major reasons for failuresare total ionization dose effects, displacement damage dose effects, and single event effects. Differentfrom the case of space applications, soft errors are the major concern in terrestrial applications. In thisarticle, a review of radiation effects on FPGAs is presented, especially soft errors in SRAM-based FPGAs. Single event upset (SEU) shows a high probability of error in the dependable application development inFPGAs. This survey covers the main sources of radiation and its effects on FPGAs, with emphasis on SEUsas well as on the measurement of radiation upset sensitivity and irradiation experimental results atvarious facilities. This article also presents a comparison between the major SEU mitigation techniques inthe configuration memory and user logics of SRAM-based FPGAs.
Diagnosis of Software using Testing Time and Testing Coverage
Amol K. Kadam,S.D. Joshi,Debnath Bhattacharyya,Hye-Jin Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.9
Software reliability testing plays a vital role to identify many flaws in software design as well as functional aspects. Reliability testing encompasses the analysis of the software’s capacity to carry out intended tasks, particular environmental conditions within the given time instance. So, reliability estimation should be carried out within the initial stage of the software development. Through this paper we have shown the importance of the testing time and testing coverage in the analysis of software reliability. Testing time is the time interim required to carry out testing mechanism. Testing coverage includes the amount of tests exercised by the test set or batch. In order to enhance the efficiency of the proposed system we have applied the non-homogeneous Poisson process.
Software Superiority Achievement through Functional Point and Test Point Analysis
Amol K. Kadam,S.D. Joshi,Debnath Bhattacharyya,Hye-Jin Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.11
Software cost estimation is the important activity while the development of the software. Expenditure assessment is bit complex task as it can be affected by many factors. This factors aids in the calculating of maintenance cost of software. In this paper we have implemented the function point analysis and test point analysis in order to discover the maintenance cost. This is accomplished by using the various techniques to calculate the function point analysis and test point analysis. Along with the calculation of maintenance cost we have also presented the module to assess the reliability of the software from the context of white box testing. Software reliability growth models are aids to evaluate the reliability of the software. This paper presented the analysis of code based SRGM to estimate the reliability.