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MG Prabagar,Y Do,S Ryu,J-Y Park,H-J Choi,W-S Choi,TJ Yun,J Moon,I-S Choi,K Ko,K Ko,C Young Shin,C Cheong,Y-S Kang 한국당과학회 2013 한국당과학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1
Complements, such as C1q and C3, and macrophages in the splenic marginal zone (MZMs) play pivotal roles in the efficient uptake and processing of circulating apoptotic cells. SIGN-R1, a C-type lectin that is highly expressed in a subpopulation of MZMs, regulates the complement fixation pathway by interacting with C1q, to fight blood-borne Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, we examined whether the SIGN-R1-mediated classical complement pathway plays a role in apoptotic cell clearance and immune tolerance. SIGN-R1 first-bound apoptotic cells and this binding was significantly enhanced in the presence of C1q. SIGN-R1-C1q complex then immediately mediated C3 deposition on circulating apoptotic cells in the MZ, leading to the efficient clearance of them. SIGN-R1-mediated C3 deposition was completely abolished in the spleen of SIGN-R1 knockout (KO) mice. Given that SIGN-R1 is not expressed in the liver, we were struck by the finding that C3-deposited apoptotic cells were still found in the liver of wild-type mice, and dramatically reduced in the SIGN-R1 KO liver. In particular, SIGN-R1 deficiency caused delayed clearance of apoptotic cells and aberrant secretion of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β in the spleen as well as in the liver. In addition, anti-double- and single-stranded DNA antibody level was significantly increased in SIGN-R1-depleted mice compared with control mice. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of apoptotic cell clearance which is initiated by SIGN-R1 in the MZ and identify an integrated role of SIGN-R1 in the systemic clearance of apoptotic cells, linking the recognition of apoptotic cells, the opsonization of complements, and the induction of immune tolerance.
Shear Behavior and Performance of Deep Beams Made with Self-Compacting Concrete
Y. W. Choi,H. K. Lee,S. B. Chu,S. H. Cheong,W. Y. Jung 한국콘크리트학회 2012 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.6 No.2
An experimental study was carried out to evaluate fresh properties of a moderately high-strength (high-flowing) self-compacting concrete (SCC) and to investigate shear behavior and performance of deep beams made with SCC. Fresh and hardened properties of normal concrete (NC) and SCC were evaluated. The workability and compacting ability were observed based on casting time and number of surface cavities, respectively. Four-point loading tests on four deep beams (two made with SCC and two with NC) were then conducted to investigate their shear behavior and performance. Shear behavior and performance of beams having two different web reinforcements in shear were systematically investigated in terms of crack pattern, failure mode, and load?deflection response. It was found from the tests that the SCC specimen having a normal shear reinforcement condition exhibited a slightly higher load carrying capacity than the corresponding NC specimen, while the SCC specimen having congested shear reinforcement condition showed a similar load carrying capacity to the corresponding NC specimen. In addition, a comparative study between the present experimental results and theoretical results in accordance with ACI 318 (Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-89) and Commentary-ACI 318R-89, 1999), Hsu?Mau’s explicit method (Hsu, Cem Concr Compos 20:419?435, 1998; Mau and Hsu, Struct J Am Concr Inst 86:516?523, 1989) and strut-and-tie model suggested by Uribe and Alcocer (2002) based on ACI 318 Appendix A (2008) was carried out to assess the applicability of the aforementioned methods to predict the shear strength of SCC specimens.
Chang, H . K .,Kim, S . G .,Cheong, B .,Kim, W . M .,Chung, M .,Lee, T . S .,Lee, J . K . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.6
Constant-pressure molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to study the liquid-amorphous-crystalline transition behavior in a model system composed of 500 Leonard-Jones particles under three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. The critical quenching rate (CQR) for amorphization, i.e., the minimum rate above which no crystallization occurs on quenching, is found to be about 5.52 × 10^(12) K/s for a one-component, unary system. For lower quenching rates, the amorphous phase transforms to a crystalline phase with 0.30.5 of the melting point as the transition temperature. A binary system with a misfit in atomic size shows a smaller CQR, while a system with a higher bond strength for solute atoms requires a greater CQR. A crystallizakion behavior of an amorphous phase on repeating is also studied. Its crystallization temperature depends on the history: the higher the quenching rate for amorphization, the higher the crystallization temperature.