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Xu, X.Q.,Belli, E.,Bodi, K.,Candy, J.,Chang, C.S.,Cohen, R.H.,Colella, P.,Dimits, A.M.,Dorr, M.R.,Gao, Z.,Hittinger, J.A.,Ko, S.,Krasheninnikov, S.,McKee, G.R.,Nevins, W.M.,Rognlien, T.D.,Snyder, P.B. International Atomic Energy Agency 2009 Nuclear fusion Vol.49 No.6
<P>We present edge gyrokinetic simulations of tokamak plasmas using the fully non-linear (full-<I>f</I>) continuum code TEMPEST. A non-linear Boltzmann model is used for the electrons. The electric field is obtained by solving the 2D gyrokinetic Poisson equation. We demonstrate the following. (1) High harmonic resonances (<I>n</I> > 2) significantly enhance geodesic-acoustic mode (GAM) damping at high <I>q</I> (tokamak safety factor), and are necessary to explain the damping observed in our TEMPEST <I>q</I>-scans and consistent with the experimental measurements of the scaling of the GAM amplitude with edge <I>q</I><SUB>95</SUB> in the absence of obvious evidence that there is a strong <I>q</I>-dependence of the turbulent drive and damping of the GAM. (2) The kinetic GAM exists in the edge for steep density and temperature gradients in the form of outgoing waves, its radial scale is set by the ion temperature profile, and ion temperature inhomogeneity is necessary for GAM radial propagation. (3) The development of the neoclassical electric field evolves through different phases of relaxation, including GAMs, their radial propagation and their long-time collisional decay. (4) Natural consequences of orbits in the pedestal and scrape-off layer region in divertor geometry are substantial non-Maxwellian ion distributions and parallel flow characteristics qualitatively like those observed in experiments.</P>
Five New Stilbenes from the Stem Bark of Artocarpus communis
Susanna T. S. Chan,Wendy L. Popplewell,Heidi R. Bokesch,Tawnya C. McKee,Kirk R. Gustafson 한국생약학회 2018 Natural Product Sciences Vol.24 No.4
Five new prenylated stilbenes (1 - 5), along with the known compounds cudraflavone C, trans-4-isopentenyl-3,5,2',4'-terahydroxystilbene, trans-4-(3-methyl-E-but-1-enyl)-3,5,2',4'-tetrahydroxystilbene, pannokin G, cycloartobiloxanthone, artonin P, morusin, artocarpin, artonin E, kuwanon C, artobiloxanthone, and artoindonesianin C (6 - 17) were isolated from the stem bark of the tropical tree Artocarpus communis. The structures were established by NMR spectroscopic analysis, MS studies, and comparison with spectral data reported in the literature.
Koo, Bon-Chul,McKee, Christopher F.,Suh, Kyung-Won,Moon, Dae-Sik,Onaka, Takashi,Burton, Michael G.,Hiramatsu, Masaaki,Bessell, Michael S.,Gaensler, B. M.,Kim, Hyun-Jeong,Lee, Jae-Joon,Jeong, Woong-Seo IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.732 No.1
<P>We report new mid-infrared (MIR) observations of the remarkable object IRAS 15099-5856 using the space telescopes AKARI and Spitzer, which demonstrate the presence of prominent crystalline silicate emission in this bright source. IRAS 15099-5856 has a complex morphology with a bright central compact source (IRS1) surrounded by knots, spurs, and several extended (similar to 4') arc-like filaments. The source is seen only at >= 10 mu m. The Spitzer mid-infrared spectrum of IRS1 shows prominent emission features from Mg-rich crystalline silicates, strong [Ne II] 12.81 mu m, and several other faint ionic lines. We model the MIR spectrum as thermal emission from dust and compare with the Herbig Be star HD 100546 and the luminous blue variable R71, which show very similar MIR spectra. Molecular line observations reveal two molecular clouds around the source, but no associated dense molecular cores. We suggest that IRS1 is heated by UV radiation from the adjacent O star Muzzio 10 and that its crystalline silicates most likely originated in a mass outflow from the progenitor of the supernova remnant (SNR) MSH 15-52. IRS1, which is embedded in the SNR, could have been shielded from the SN blast wave if the progenitor was in a close binary system with Muzzio 10. If MSH 15-52 is a remnant of Type Ib/c supernova (SN Ib/c), as has been previously proposed, this would confirm the binary model for SN Ib/c. IRS1 and the associated structures may be the relics of massive star death, as shaped by the supernova explosion, the pulsar wind, and the intense ionizing radiation of the embedded O star.</P>
IRAS 15099-5856: Remarkable Mid-Infrared Source with Prominent Crystalline Silicate Emission
Bon-Chul Koo,Christopher F. McKee,Kyung-Won Suh,Dae-Sik Moon,Michael G. Burton,Masaaki Hiramatsu,Michael S. Bessel,Takashi Onaka,Hyun-Jeong Kim,Woong-Seob Jeong,Bryan Gaensler,Myungshin Im,Ho-Gyu Lee 한국천문학회 2010 天文學會報 Vol.35 No.1
K. Walters,H.R. Tamaddon-Jahromi,M.F. Webster,M.F. Tomé,S. McKee 한국유변학회 2009 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.21 No.4
In various attempts to relate the behaviour of highly-elastic liquids in complex flows to their rheometrical behaviour, obvious candidates for study have been the variation of shear viscosity with shear rate, the two normal stress differences N1 and N2, especially N1, and the extensional viscosity ηE. In this paper, we shall be mainly interested in ‘constant-viscosity’ Boger fluids, and, accordingly, we shall limit attention to N1 and ηE. We shall concentrate on two important flows - axisymmetric contraction flow and “splashing” (particularly that which arises when a liquid drop falls onto the free surface of the same liquid). Modern numerical techniques are employed to provide the theoretical predictions. It is shown that the two obvious manifestations of viscoelastic rheometrical behaviour can sometimes be opposing influences in determining flow characteristics. Specifically, in an axisymmetric contraction flow, high ηE can retard the flow, whereas high N1 can have the opposite effect. In the splashing experiment, high ηE can certainly reduce the height of the so-called Worthington jet, thus confirming some early suggestions, but, again, other rheometrical influences can also have a role to play and the overall picture may not be as clear as it was once envisaged.
Walters, K.,Tamaddon-Jahromi, H.R.,Webster, M.F.,Tome, M.F.,McKee, S. The Korean Society of Rheology 2009 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.21 No.4
In various attempts to relate the behaviour of highly-elastic liquids in complex flows to their rheometrical behaviour, obvious candidates for study have been the variation of shear viscosity with shear rate, the two normal stress differences $N_1$ and $N_2$, especially $N_1$, and the extensional viscosity $\eta_E$. In this paper, we shall be mainly interested in 'constant-viscosity' Boger fluids, and, accordingly, we shall limit attention to $N_1$ and $\eta_E$. We shall concentrate on two important flows - axisymmetric contraction flow and "splashing" (particularly that which arises when a liquid drop falls onto the tree surface of the same liquid). Modern numerical techniques are employed to provide the theoretical predictions. It is shown that the two obvious manifestations of viscoelastic rheometrical behaviour can sometimes be opposing influences in determining flow characteristics. Specifically, in an axisymmetric contraction flow, high $\eta_E$ can retard the flow, whereas high $N_1$ can have the opposite effect. In the splashing experiment, high $\eta_E$ can certainly reduce the height of the so-called Worthington jet, thus confirming some early suggestions, but, again, other rheometrical influences can also have a role to play and the overall picture may not be as clear as it was once envisaged.