Ontogeny of the Staminate and Ovulate Strobile in Pinus rigida

S. O. Hong(洪性玉),S. K. Hyun(玄信圭),B. S. Lee(李輔植) 한국육종학회 1971 한국육종학회지 Vol.3 No.2

雜種採種園 造成에 問題點이 되고있는 兩親樹本의 開花期一致 또는 開花調節을 爲한 基礎硏究로서 本 實驗은 水原地方의 리기다소나무를 材料로 1968년부터 1969년까지 花芽分化 및 花芽의 發育過程을 觀察하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 雄花의 原基는 7月下旬에서 8月上旬에 冬芽의 中央部以下 下端部의 冬芽鱗片腋에 形成되었다. 2. 小胞子葉은 8月中旬에서 9月初旬에 分化되었고 造胞組織은 9月中旬과 10月初旬사이에 形成되었다. 3. 造胞細胞의 分裂은10月初旬에서 10月下旬에 第1回分裂을 하고 越冬後 3月中旬에서 4月初旬에 第2回分裂을 完了하였다. 4. 花粉母細胞는 4月中旬에 形成되어 4月下旬에 까지 減數分裂을 完了하고 5月初旬에 開花하여 花粉이 飛散되었다. 5. 雌花의 原基는 8月初旬에서 中旬에 形咸되었다. 6. 苞鱗은 9月中旬에서 10月下旬사이에 第1回分化하고 越冬後 3月中旬에서 下旬에 第2回分化를 하였다. 7. 種鱗은 4月初旬에서 中旬에 形成되고 4月下旬까지 種鱗에서 胚珠가 形成되어 5月初에 開花하였다. In the present study, initiation and development of staminate and ovulate strobili of Pinus rigida were investigated in order to get basic informations for synchronizing the flowering of parent trees or inducing male sterility of seed trees in the hybrid seed orchard of x Pinus rigitaeda, and the results are summarized as follows: 1) Staminate strobili primordia were initiated in the axil of cataphylls of buds from fate July to early August. 2) Microsporophylls were differentiated during mid August and early September. 3) Sporogenous tissue was formed from mid September to early October. 4) First division of sporogenous cells occurred during early October and late October, and they passed the resting period in winter and the second division of sporogenous cells resumed during mid March and early April. 5) Pollen mother cells were formed in mid April and meiosis of them was completed by late April. Pollens were shed in early May. 6) Ovulate strobili primordia started to be formed during early and mid August. 7) Differentiation of bract scales progressed from mid September to late October and after the resting period in winter they continued to differentiate during mid and late March. 8) Megasporangia were formed during mid and late April on the megasporophylls which developed during early and mid April. In early May ovulate strobili were ready for pollination.

단백자원으로서의 대두증산에 관한 연구 - 품종 파종기 및 석회시용량의 차이가 대두의 수량형질과 단백질 및 유분생육량에 미치는 영향 -

현신규,이은웅,이춘영,권용웅,S. K. Hyun,Eun-Woong Lee,Chung-Yong Lee,Yong-Woong Kwon 한국작물학회 1970 Korean journal of crop science Vol.- No.8

단백자원으로서 가장 중요한 작물인 대두의 자실수량, 단백 및 유분수량이 품종별로 파종기 및 석회시용량의 차이에 따라서 어떻게 영양을 받는가를 구명하기 위하여 우리나라 중부지방의 주요대두품종 충북백, 육우 003 및 장단백목을 공시하여 파종기를 5월 22일(대두단작재배) 및 6월 11일(맥후작재배) 및 7월 1일 (만파재배)로 달리하고 석회시용량을 10a당, 0.5kg, 100kg으로 다르게 처리하여 본 시험을 1969년 서울대학교 농과대학 부속농장에서 실시하였다. 본 시험성적에서 나타난 대두의 수량형질, 단백 및 유분수량에 대한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시된 품종중 육우003의 자실수량이 가장높았다는데 이는 육우003에 주당협수가 다른 품종보다 현저히 많다는 데에서 기인되었다. 단백함량은 충북백>육우003>장단백목의 순위였고 지유함량은 장단백목>충북백>육우003의 순위였으나 단위면적당 단백수량 및 지유수량은 자실수량이 많았던 륙우003가 가장 많았다. 그러나 이와같은 품종간 수량차이는 파종기에 따라서 각각 다르게 나타나고 있으므로 설계재배에 있어서는 품종과 파종기간의 관계를 크게 고려하여야 할 것이다. 2. 제1파종기와 제2파종기간에 자실수량차이는 없었으며 만파재배인 제3파종기에서는 자실수량이 현저히 감소되었다. 이와같은 현상은 제3파종기에서 1주당협수의 감소가 현저했기 때문으로 고찰된다. 단백질함량과 지유함량은 파종기에 따라 별로 변화하지는 않았으나 단백수량 및 지유수량은 제3파종기에서 자실수량의 감소와 함께 현저히 감소하였다. 3. 석회시용량의 증가에 따라서 분지수 협수가 증가하였으며 자실수량도 증가하였다. 본 시험에서는 자실수량이 석회 100kg/10a 시요구에서 가장 높았다. 단백함량도 석회시용량을 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 지유함량은 석회무시용구가 가장 높았다. 단백수량은 석회시용량의 증가에 따라 자실수량 및 단백함량이 같이 증가되었기 때문에 현저히 증수되었으며 지유함량은 자실수량의 증가에 의해서만 증수되었다. 4. 수량형질간의 상관관계를 보면 경장과 주당경중, 100립중 및 자실수량간에 주당경중과 주당맥수 및 자실수량간에, 주당분지수와 100립중간에, 주당협수와 자실수량간에, 100립중과 단백함량간에는 고도의 정(+)의 상관관계를 인정할수 있었으며, 주당협수와 100립중간에는 부(-)의 상관관계가 있었다. To study the varital response of grain, protein and oil yield to different sowing dates and calcium levels in soybean, the most important crop as a protein source in Korea, this experiment was conducted in 1969. Three leading soybean varieties (Choongbukbaek, Ryooku#3 and Changdanbaekmok) were sown at May 22,, June 11 and July 1 under 3 different calcium levels, 0.50 and 100kg per 10a respectively. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Ryonku #3 showed the highest grain yield because of the highest number of pods per hill. In order of protein content, and oil content of grain, Choongbukbaek>Ryooku#3>Changdanbaekmok and Changdanbaekmok>Choogbukbaek>Ryooku#3 were found. Ryooku#3 also showed the highest protein and oil production per unit area owing to the highest grain yield. However. varietal differences of the grain yield the protein and the oil production per unit area varied along the different sowing dates. Interactions between varieties and sowing date on the grain yield should be considered in practice. 2. No difference in the grain yield was found between the first sowing date (May22) and the second (June11) on average. The grain yield in the plot of the third sowing date (July l)was strikingly decreased mainly by the smaller number of pods per hill. The protein and the oil content were not varied significantly by the different sowing dates. The protein and oil production per unit area were lowest in the plot of the third sowing date owing to the decreased grain yield. 3. More calcium application increased the number of branches per hill, the number of pods per hill, and the grain yield. The highest grain yield was found in the plot received 100 kg of calcium hydroxide per 10are. Protein content increased in higher calcium level, but oil content was highest in the plot of noncalcium. More protein production per unit area was gotten by more calcium application because of higher grain yield and protein content. all production increased in higher calcium level by the increased grain yield. 4. High plus (+) correlation was found between stem length and stem weight per hill stem length and grain weight, stem length and grain yield, stem weight per hill and number of pods per hill and grain weight, number of branches per hill and grain weight, number of pods per hill and grain yield, and grain weight and protein content of grain. Minus(-) correlation was recognized between number of pods per hill and grain weight.

林木育種學의 最近의 進步

S. K. Hyun(玄信圭) 한국육종학회 1978 한국육종학회지 Vol.10 No.3

As much as the Forest Genetics is very young science, it bears many problems to be solved as soon as possible. The recent research achievements in solving their imminent problems are briefly discussed. They are 1. Flower induction in the seed orchard, 2. Pollen contamination due to the wild pollen, 3. New concept of clonal seed orchard, 4. Rooting cuttings and embryo culture, 5. Tissue culture, 6. Early test, 7. Application of iso-enzyme in forest genetics research, 8. Application of monoterpene in forest genetics research, 9. Establishment of seed orchard of advanced generation, 10. Hybridization.

양버들 × 황철나무(Populus nigra v. italica × Populus maximowiczii) F₁의 生長과 特性에 關한 硏究

S. K. HYUN(玄信圭),D. S. SON(孫斗植) 한국육종학회 1976 한국육종학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Superior poplar hybrid individuals were selected among the P. nigra v. ita.×P. maximowiczii F₁ populations. The survival of cutting, growth performance in response to spacing, morphology of leaf and specific gravity of wood have been observed up to the age of 9 under the same conditions. The results attained were as follows: 1. The three clones of the P. nigra v. ita×P. maximowiczii F₁ have shown better volume growth than P. euramericana I-476. They have shown a considerable difference in the growth performance among the clones and a remarkable hybrid vigor in the growth rate of the rooted cuttings. 2. It is not advisable to make selection for the growth superiority of hybrid poplars during their juvenile age. The evaluation of growth performance of the hybrid poplars is considered to be made at least 7 years after planting. 3. The leaf size in width and length of P. nigra v. ita. × maximowiczii is intermediate between the parents, however, leaf surface tends to be resembled to the mother tree, P. nigra v. ita., wheras the dorsal side of the leaf tends to be resembled to it’s pollen tree, P. maximowiczii. 4. The wood specific gravity of P. nigra v. ita.×P. maximowiczii F₁ is slightly lower than that of P. euramericana I-476, shaving 0.380 and 0.441 respectively.

Pinus rigida x taeda의 F₂ 利用可能性에 關한 硏究

S. K. Hyun(玄信圭) 한국육종학회 1974 한국육종학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In the Pinus rigida x taeda hybridization program in Korea, the feasibility of F₂-utilization has been examined. And following facts have been proved. 1) In the performance of fertilization and seed yield based on the results of control pollinations carried out over a decade, conelet drop after pollination is lower and the fertile seed yield is apparently higher in the F₂-than in the F₁-crossings. 2) In the growth performance of both 1-0 and 1-1 seedlings at the nursery, the F₂ is not at all inferior to the F₁. However in the field performance, the growth achievements of the F₁. the F₂ and the F₁ x wind are altered due to the site condition. 3) In the field growth performance, too, the F₂ is not at all inferior to the F₁ in the growth performances in the southern latitude (south of 35° 00 N) of south Korea, where the winter is mild enough so that the F₂ suffers no cold damage, and in such region the utilization of the F₂ is quite feasbile giving better seed yield than the F₁ and reveal ing growth superiority similar to the F₁. 4) In the area of the middle and the northern latitude of south Korea the F₂ is not much inferior to the F₁ in growth, and it is considered that the utilization of the F₂ for these area is still recommendable for practical use due to the high seed yield. 5) On the poor hill sites in the northern latitude around Suweon (37° 15 N), it is considered that the F₁ x wind is more recommendable for practical use due to the very high seed yield and high resistancy to the poor soil. It is concluded that in the pine hybridzaiton program aiming at the combining of desirable traits of different species based on the high combining ability between species, the F₂ can be utilized favorably .in the area where the environment is favorable.

Seedling height growth and the variation in F₁ and F₂ generations of pinus rigide × p.taeda.

J. B. Ryu(柳長發),G. S. Jhun(全桂相),S. K. Hyun(玄信圭) 한국육종학회 1984 한국육종학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Height growth of seedlings and the variation in pitch-loblolly pine F₁ and F₂ generations produced for 12 years were compared. No differences between F₁ and F₂ were found either in seedling height or variation in seedling height. “Additive gene effects” and/or “hybrid habitat” hypotheses seem to explain the phenomena. In addition to the above two hypotheses, many genetically variable trees used for crossing for F₁ and F₂ production would also result in similar variation between F₁ and F₂. The term of F₁ and F₂, and utilization of F₂ in forestry were discussed.

PINUS RIGDA X P. TAEDA. PINUS RIGIDA X P. RADIATA 및 PINUS RIGIDA X P. ELLIOTT의 授精過程

玄信圭,任慶彬 서울대학교 1963 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

1) Pinus rigida x P. taeda,P rigida x P. radiata, 및 P. rigida x P. elliottii에 있어서 그 授精過程을 組織學的으로 究明코저 1961年 5月 上旬에 授粉된 球果를 1962年 4月 5日 에서 8月 1日에 이르기까지 5回에 걸쳐 採取하여 Formaldehyde-Ethyl alcohol acetic acid 液에 固定하고 胚珠만을 抽出하여 Paraffin embedding, Sectioning 및 Safranin 과 Hematoxylin에 依한 二重染色에 依하여 檢鏡하였다. 2) 授粉後 260日頃인 5月 4日 採取材料에 있어서도 胚珠의 生長을 볼 수 있었으나 授粉後 390日이 經過된 6月 6日 採取材料에서부터 胚珠의 顯著한 發達을 볼 수 있었다. 3) 胚珠의 發達度는 Pinus rigida x Pinus. taeda 에서는 Pinus rigida x wind에 比하여 큰 差異가 없었으나 Pinus rigida x P. radiata 및 P. rigida x P. elliottii에 있어서는 顯著하게 不良함을 보았다. 4) 花粉管의 侵入狀態도 Pinus rigida x P. taeda 및 Pinus rigida x P. elliottii에서는 觀察할 수 있었으나 Pinus rigida x P. radiata에 있어서는 이를 觀察치 못하였다. 5) 授精의 結果 形成되는 胚의 發達도 Pinus rigida x P. radiata에서는 볼 수 없었으므로 Pinus rigida x P. radiata 는 交配親和力이 없는 것같이 보였으나 實地交配結果 相當한 量의 稔性種子의 生産을 보았으므로 이 組合의 交雜의 眞相을 알기 爲하여는 7月 上旬頃에 일어나리라고 推測되는 授精現象을 追窮할 必要가 있다. 6) 以上에 依하여 上記組合間의 交雜親和力은 分類學의 類綠과 密接한 關係가 있음을 알 수 있다. 1.The sequences of fertilization which have taken place during the period from 330 days to 450 days after pollination in the following three interspecies hybridization of pines were observed. Pinus rigida x P. taeda Pinus rigida x P. radiata Pinus rigida x P. elliottii 2. The growth of nucellus of ovulate cones already noticiable in all crossings from the first 12 months after the pollination, and the remarkable growth of the nucellus were taken place from 13 months after pollination. 3. The growth rate nucellus, however, was differ among the crosses, being the highest in the cross of Pinus rigida x P. taeda and the lowest in the cross of Pinus rigida x P. radiata, thus indicating the poor crossability between Pinus rigida x P. radiata. As a matter of fact, the megasporangia tissues have become gradually shriveled even though the size of nucellus has shown an increase in the cross of Pinut rigida x P. radiata. 4. In the light of the fact that a considerable amount of fertile hybrid seeds of Pinus rigida x P. radiata were obtained despite of no evidence of successful development of the nucellus of the sample cones, further investigation on the mechanism of the success and the failure in the fertilization of the crossing of Pinus rigida x P. radiata is needed. 5. The actual fertilization seemed to take pace in some time of middle of July in those crossings. 6. It may be said, however, that the crossability between species nould be an indices of the affinities between based on an evolutional view point.

高原地의 農業的利用에 關한 硏究(2年次)

玄信圭,李殷雄,金甲德,이홍석 서울대학교 1973 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

For the agricultural uses of Manbok alpine area of 900m and 1000m high above sea level located in Gure-gun, Jeonnam province, investigations on the growth and yield of potato, radish and forage crops obtained by different seeding dates and survey on some meteorological conditions of the area were carried out. This experiment was conducted as the second yearly trial in 1971. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. The yearly variations of average air temperature, minimum air temperature and difference between maximum temperature and minimum temperature of the Manbok region were larger than those of plane region. But the yearly variation of maximum air temperature of the region comparatively small. On the other hand the yearly variation of relative humidity of the region was not very large. Relative humidity, amount of cloud and precipitation of the region were higher and more than those of plane region. 2. The growth and yield of potatoes showed better and more in the May 5 seeding plot than those in the May 15 seeding plot at both regions of 900m and 1000m high above sea level. The potato yield of that plot was 578∼757㎏/10a and this was 50∼66% as compared with average yield of Gure-gun, 557∼1% as compared with average yield of the country and 20∼26% as compared with the yield of Daegwanryung Highland Experimental Station. 3. The yield of radish showed more in the June 16 seeding plot than that in the May 28 seeding plot at both regions of 900m and 1000m high above sea level. The radish yield of that plot was 1696∼2234㎏/10a and this was 147∼194% as compared with average yield of the country. 4. The yield in mixed seeding of orchardgrass and ladinoclover showed more in the May 5 seeding plot than that in the May 15 seeding plot at both regions of 900m and 1000m high above sea level. The dry matter yield of that plot was 215∼387㎏/10a and this was 26∼49% as compared with the yield of Daegwanryung Highland Experimental Station.

松類의 揷木에 關한 硏究 (第一報) : 季節과 生長素가 Pinus Rigida 揷木의 發根에 미치는 影響 The Effects of Season of Collection and Growth Substances on the Rooting of Cuttings of Pinus Rigida

玄信圭,任慶彬 서울대학교 1956 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.3 No.-

In order to find out the basic factors governing the rooting ability of pine cuttings, the rooting of cuttings of Pinus rigida were examined under various conditions. A total of 17 different solutions of growth hormones made up of 3- indole butyric acid, 3- indole acetic acid and naphthalene acetic acid were employed at three different times of year the middle of April, early June and the middle of July. Cuttings were prepared from the terminal shoots os 1-1 transplant of Pinus rigida growing in the nursery beds of the School of Forestry in Suwon. The terminal shoots used in April were one year old, whereas those used in June and July were newly formed shoots in the current year. Fifty cuttings of 10 to 15cm in length were prepared for each item of treatment, and the needles on the lower one-third part of the shoots were taken off before these cutting were sbjected to treatment. In treatting the cuttings, the ends of cuttings were kept in desingnated growth-substances solution for 24 hours. The cuttings, after treatment, were planted in the nursery bed, and were covered with double layer of lath screen, and were watered once every day. The assessment on the rooted cuttings was made on September 6th and the result has shown a wide variation in the number of rooted cutting ranging from zero to a maximum of 20 percent of the total number of treated cuttings planted in accordance with the time of planting and the kind of growth-substances employed. A general trend noted was that earlier in the growing season treated cuttings were planted, the larger was the proportion which rooted. And it was also shown that cuttings of Pinus figida do not root irrespective of the time of planting unless treated with growth-substances.