초등 교과교육학의 성격과 내용구조 연구

유한구(Han Ku Ryu),장성모(Sung Mo Chang),송광용(Kwang Yong Song),조주연(Joo Yun Cho),이학주(Hak Ju Lee) 한국초등교육학회 1997 초등교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구는 교과교육과 교과교육학의관계, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계등을 분석하고, 그 결과를 토대로 하여 초등학교 교과교육과 교육대학 교과교육학 교육의 실제를 정확히 이해하고 그 발전 방향을 탐색하기 위한 것이다. 일반적으로, 교과교육학은 교육학에서 제시하고 있는 교육과정의 구성및 교육방법상의 일반 원리를 교과교육이라는 특수한 사태에 적용하는 과정에 관심을 두는 이론으로 간주되고 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교육학의 일반적 원리에 따라 교과교육이라는 특수한 맥락에 처방을 내리기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 이 관점을 교과와 그것을 가르치는 교사의 삶을 사실상 별개의 것으로 분리하는 것이며, 그와 동일한 이유에서 교과교육학과 교과교육학자의 삶 또한 별개의 것임을 전제하는 것이다. 그러나 교과교육과 교과교육학, 그리고 교과교육학과 교육학의 관계는 이론에서 실제로 나아가는 앞의 방향과는 정반대 방향에서도 이해될 수 있다. 이 관점에 의하면, 교과교육학은 교과교육 실제에 처방을 내리기 위한 것이 아니라 그 실제를 기술하고 정당화하기 위한 것으로 파악된다. 교과교육과 교과교육학의 관련이 이렇게 파악될 때, 교과 교육학은 교사나 교과교육학자에게 자신이 지금 하는 일이 자신의 삶과 결코 무관한 것이 아니라는 믿음을 심어 주게 되며, 나아가 그들 자신이 참여하고 있는 초등학교나 교육대학의 교육실제를 기술하거나 정당화하려고 할 때 반드시 필요한 개념적 도구를 제공해 줄 수 있게 된다. 바로 여기에 교과교육학에 관한 종래의 접근과는 구분되는 새로운 접근방식이 요구되는 이유가 있다. The purpose of this study is threefold: The first is to analyse the relations between subject education and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy. The second is, based on the analysis result, to have the precise understanding of teaching various subjects in the elementary school, and of teaching subject pedagogy in the university of education. The third is to search for the desirable direction of developing the elementary education and the teacher education. Subject pedagogy is usually defined as a theory which is interested in the process of applying pedagogical principles regarding curriculum organization and teaching methods to specific teaching situations, that is, subject education situations. However, this definition has a limitation, because it assumes that a subject and the teacher's life who teaches the subject are separated from each other, and that subject pedagogy and the scholar who studies subject pedagogy are also separated. The relationship between subject teaching and subject pedagogy, and between subject pedagogy and general pedagogy can be understood with quite different viewpoint. This new viewpoint, which is the major discussion matter of this study, assumes that subject pedagogy is never separated from the life of subject teacher/subject pedagogist. This viewpoint will reveal the theoretical features of subject pedagogy better, and give us new meaning on the life of teachers/subject pedagogists. The subject pedagogy in the correct sense should provide teachers/pedagogists with the conceptual instrument based on the new viewpoint. This conceptual instrument will make teachers/pedagogists be able to describe, explain, and validate their own educational practice-such as the content structure of each subject-in the elementary school or the university of education.

Low Noise and High Linearity GaAs LNA MMIC with Novel Active Bias Circuit for LTE Applications

Ryu, Keun-Kwan,Kim, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Sung-Chan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2017 Journal of information and communication convergen Vol.15 No.2

In this work, we demonstrated a low noise and high linearity low noise amplifier (LNA) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) with novel active bias circuit for LTE applications. The device technology used in this work relies on a process involving a $0.25-{\mu}m$ GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT). The LNA MMIC with a novel active bias circuit has a small signal gain of $19.7{\pm}1.5dB$ and output third order intercept point (OIP3) of 38-39 dBm in the frequency range 1.75-2.65 GHz. The noise figure (NF) is less than 0.58 dB over the full bandwidth. Compared with the characteristics of the LNA MMIC without using the novel active bias circuit, the OIP3 is improved about 2-3 dBm. The small signal gain and NF showed no significant change after using the active bias circuit. The novel active bias circuit indeed improves the linearity performance of the LNA MMIC without degradation.

Model membrane-mediated cell alignment through surface hydrophobicity

Ryu, Yong-Sang,Kim, Min-Hoi Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS - Vol.636 No.1

Deep learning enables high-quality and high-throughput prediction of enzyme commission numbers

Ryu, Jae Yong,Kim, Hyun Uk,Lee, Sang Yup National Academy of Sciences 2019 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.116 No.28

<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Identification of enzyme commission (EC) numbers is essential for accurately understanding enzyme functions. Although several EC number prediction tools are available, they have room for further improvement with respect to computation time, precision, coverage, and the total size of the files needed for EC number prediction. Here, we present DeepEC, a deep learning-based computational framework that predicts EC numbers with high precision in a high-throughput manner. DeepEC shows much improved prediction performance when compared with the 5 representative EC number prediction tools that are currently available. DeepEC will be useful in studying enzyme functions by implementing them independently or as part of a third-party software program.</P><P>High-quality and high-throughput prediction of enzyme commission (EC) numbers is essential for accurate understanding of enzyme functions, which have many implications in pathologies and industrial biotechnology. Several EC number prediction tools are currently available, but their prediction performance needs to be further improved to precisely and efficiently process an ever-increasing volume of protein sequence data. Here, we report DeepEC, a deep learning-based computational framework that predicts EC numbers for protein sequences with high precision and in a high-throughput manner. DeepEC takes a protein sequence as input and predicts EC numbers as output. DeepEC uses 3 convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a major engine for the prediction of EC numbers, and also implements homology analysis for EC numbers that cannot be classified by the CNNs. Comparative analyses against 5 representative EC number prediction tools show that DeepEC allows the most precise prediction of EC numbers, and is the fastest and the lightest in terms of the disk space required. Furthermore, DeepEC is the most sensitive in detecting the effects of mutated domains/binding site residues of protein sequences. DeepEC can be used as an independent tool, and also as a third-party software component in combination with other computational platforms that examine metabolic reactions.</P>

Proliferation of Mouse Prostate Cancer Cells Inflamed by Trichomonas vaginalis

Sang-Su Kim,Kyu-Shik Kim,Ik-Hwan Han,Yeseul Kim,Seong Sik Bang,Jung-Hyun Kim,Yong-Suk Kim,Soo-Yeon Choi,Jae-Sook Ryu 대한기생충학열대의학회 2021 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.59 No.6

Kinetics of lipid raft formation at lipid monolayer-bilayer junction probed by surface plasmon resonance

Ryu, Yong-Sang,Yun, Hansik,Chung, Taerin,Suh, Jeng-Hun,Kim, Sungho,Lee, Kyookeun,Wittenberg, Nathan J.,Oh, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Byoungho,Lee, Sin-Doo Elsevier Applied Science 2019 Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A label-free, non-dispruptive, and real-time analytical device to monitor the dynamic features of biomolecules and their interactions with neighboring molecules is an essential prerequisite for biochip- and diagonostic assays. To explore one of the central questions on the lipid-lipid interactions in the course of the liquid-ordered (<I>l</I> <SUB> <I>o</I> </SUB>) domain formation, called rafts, we developed a method of reconstituting continuous but spatially heterogeneous lipid membrane platforms with molayer-bilayer juntions (MBJs) that enable to form the <I>l</I> <SUB> <I>o</I> </SUB> domains in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. This allows us to detect the time-lapse dynamics of the lipid-lipid interactions during raft formation and resultant membrane phase changes together with the raft-associated receptor-ligand binding through the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For cross-validation, using epifluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated the underlying mechanisms for raft formations that the infiltration of cholesterols into the sphingolipid-enriched domains plays a crucial roles in the membrane phase-separation. Our membrane platform, being capable of monitoring dynamic interactions among lipids and performing the systematic optical analysis, will unveil physiological roles of cholesterols in a variety of biological events.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Continuous but spatially heterogeneous membranes were probed by the SPR for monitoring the kinetic behavior of lipid-lipid interactions </LI> <LI> The accompanying biochemical activity of ligand-receptor binding. Our monolayer-bilayer junction methodology of manipulating the bio-membranes enables to precisely control the phase-separation of l<SUB>o</SUB> domains at pre-defined regions on a SPR-based biochip and to unveil the kinetics of the raft formation together with raft-associated receptor-ligand interactions </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Continuous but spatially heterogeneous membranes were probed by the SPR for monitoring the kinetic behavior of lipid-lipid interactions (a) and the accompanying biochemical activity of ligand-receptor binding. Our monolayer-bilayer junction methodology of manipulating the bio-membranes enables to precisely control the phase-separation of <I>l</I> <SUB> <I>o</I> </SUB> domains at pre-defined regions (b) on a SPR-based biochip and to unveil the kinetics of the raft formation together with raft-associated receptor-ligand interactions (c).</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Morphological characteristics, chemical and genetic diversity of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) genotypes

Ryu, Jaihyunk,Kwon, Soon-Jae,Kim, Dong-Gun,Lee, Min-Kyu,Kim, Jung Min,Jo, Yeong Deuk,Kim, Sang Hoon,Jeong, Sang Wook,Kang, Kyung-Yun,Kim, Se Won,Kim, Jin-Baek,Kang, Si-Yong The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The kenaf plant is used widely as food and in traditional folk medicine. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics, functional compounds, and genetic diversity of 32 kenaf cultivars from a worldwide collection. We found significant differences in the functional compounds of leaves from all cultivars, including differences in levels of chlorogenic acid isomer (CAI), chlorogenic acid (CA), kaempferol glucosyl rhamnoside isomer (KGRI), kaempferol rhamnosyl xyloside (KRX), kaemperitrin (KAPT) and total phenols (TPC). The highest TPC, KAPT, CA, and KRX contents were observed in the C22 cultivars. A significant correlation was observed between flowering time and DM yield, seed yield, and four phenolic compounds (KGRI, KRX, CAI, and TPC) (P < 0.01). To assess genetic diversity, we used 80 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer sets and identified 225 polymorphic loci in the kenaf cultivars. The polymorphism information content and genetic diversity values ranged from 0.11 to 0.79 and 12 to 0.83, with average values of 0.39 and 0.43, respectively. The cluster analysis of the SSR markers showed that the kenaf genotypes could be clearly divided into three clusters based on flowering time. Correlations analysis was conducted for the 80 SSR markers; morphological, chemical and growth traits were found for 15 marker traits (corolla, vein, petal, leaf, stem color, leaf shape, and KGRI content) with significant marker-trait correlations. These results could be used for the selection of kenaf cultivars with improved yield and functional compounds.

Effects of Natural Plant Extracts on Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells in vitro Culture

Sang-eun Jung,Ki-jung Kim,Yong-hee Kim,Polash Chandra Karmaka,Myeong-geun Oh,Yeon-jin Cho,Yu-ri Choi,Buom-yong Ryu 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2015 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.10

Excitatory neuron–specific SHP2-ERK signaling network regulates synaptic plasticity and memory

Ryu, Hyun-Hee,Kim, TaeHyun,Kim, Jung-Woong,Kang, Minkyung,Park, Pojeong,Kim, Yong Gyu,Kim, Hyopil,Ha, Jiyeon,Choi, Ja Eun,Lee, Jisu,Lim, Chae-Seok,Kim, Chul-Hong,Kim, Sang Jeong,Silva, Alcino J.,Kaang AAAS 2019 Science signaling Vol.12 No.571

<P><B>Cell type–specific RASopathy</B></P><P>The neurodevelopmental disorder Noonan syndrome is often caused by activating mutations in the phosphatase SHP2 that enhance RAS signaling. However, SHP2 is present in multiple neuron types as well as glia; thus, where the mutant protein has its pathological effects is unclear. Ryu <I>et al.</I> examined one NS-associated SHP2 mutation in isolated cell types from mice and determined that its presence in only excitatory neurons resulted in electrophysiological and cognitive effects. This was because certain adaptor proteins that interact with SHP2 to mediate RAS signaling are abundant in excitatory but not inhibitory neurons. These findings reveal that cell type–specific variations within the RAS signaling network underlie the phenotypes of NS and possibly other “RASopathies”.</P><P>Mutations in RAS signaling pathway components cause diverse neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively called RASopathies. Previous studies have suggested that dysregulation in RAS–extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) activation is restricted to distinct cell types in different RASopathies. Some cases of Noonan syndrome (NS) are associated with gain-of-function mutations in the phosphatase SHP2 (encoded by <I>PTPN11</I>); however, SHP2 is abundant in multiple cell types, so it is unclear which cell type(s) contribute to NS phenotypes. Here, we found that expressing the NS-associated mutant SHP2<SUP>D61G</SUP> in excitatory, but not inhibitory, hippocampal neurons increased ERK signaling and impaired both long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial memory in mice, although endogenous SHP2 was expressed in both neuronal types. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the genes encoding SHP2-interacting proteins that are critical for ERK activation, such as GAB1 and GRB2, were enriched in excitatory neurons. Accordingly, expressing a dominant-negative mutant of GAB1, which reduced its interaction with SHP2<SUP>D61G</SUP>, selectively in excitatory neurons, reversed SHP2<SUP>D61G</SUP>-mediated deficits. Moreover, ectopic expression of GAB1 and GRB2 together with SHP2<SUP>D61G</SUP> in inhibitory neurons resulted in ERK activation. These results demonstrate that RAS-ERK signaling networks are notably different between excitatory and inhibitory neurons, accounting for the cell type–specific pathophysiology of NS and perhaps other RASopathies.</P>

Genetic diversity and variation analysis of mutant lines derived from γ-ray and chemical mutagen treatments in blackberry (<i>Rubus fruticosus</i>)

Ryu, Jaihyunk,Ha, Bo-Keun,Kim, Dong Sub,Kim, Jin-Baek,Kim, Sang Hoon,Ahn, Joon-Woo,Jeong, Il Yun,Jo, Han-Jik,Kim, Ee-Yup,Kang, Si-Yong Cambridge University Press 2014 Plant genetic resources Vol.12 No.1

<P>Blackberry is a fruiting berry species with very high nutrient contents. With the recent increasing consumer demand for blackberries, new sources of germplasm and breeding techniques are required to improve blackberry production. This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity (GD) and relationship among 55 blackberry (<I>Rubus fruticosus</I>) mutants derived from γ-ray treatment (52 lines) and <I>N</I>-methyl-<I>N</I>′-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment (three lines) using an inter-simple sequence repeat marker. A total of 18 bands were amplified with an average of 3.6 bands per primer. Among them, eight bands were identified to be polymorphic with a rate of 44.4%. In addition, the GD information content values were highest in the 60 Gy treatment population and the GD values were higher in the γ-ray treatment populations than in the MNU treatment population. According to a cluster analysis, all the mutant lines can be classified into five categories, and the genetic distance was greatest between the 80 Gy-irradiated population and other populations. These results indicate that mutant lines have high GD and can be effectively utilized for improving blackberry breeding.</P>