Effect of Cu2O Content in Electrodeposited CuOx Film on Perovskite Solar Cells

Xu Miao,Shuo Wang,Wenhai Sun,Yu Zhu,Chen Du,Ruixin Ma,Chengyan Wang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.10

It is well known that the different proportions of CuO and Cu2O in CuOx hole transfer materials have a great influence on the hole transport property as well as the device performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we changed the content of Cu2O in the film by controlling the deposition voltage during electrodeposition, and the effects of different contents of Cu2O in the films on the device were investigated for the first time. It was found that the content of Cu2O in the film reached the highest point with the deposition voltage 0.5 V, such films have the highest transmittance and carrier mobility. After assembling the device, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the champion device reached 13.48% under a one-sun AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) illumination. Furthermore, the unpackaged device based on CuOx still retained over 75% PCE after being placed in the ambient condition (30–40% humidity, 20–30 ℃) for 500 h.

Spoilage Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Brewing Industry

( Zhenbo Xu ),( Yuting Luo ),( Yuzhu Mao ),( Ruixin Peng ),( Jinxuan Chen ),( Thanapop Soteyome ),( Caiying Bai ),( Ling Chen ),( Yi Liang ),( Jianyu Su ),( Kan Wang ),( Junyan Liu ),( Birthe V. Kjell 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.7

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have caused many microbiological incidents in the brewing industry, resulting in severe economic loss. Meanwhile, traditional culturing method for detecting LAB are time-consuming for brewers. The present review introduces LAB as spoilage microbes in daily life, with focus on LAB in the brewing industry, targeting at the spoilage mechanism of LAB in brewing industry including the special metabolisms, the exist of the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state and the hop resistance. At the same time, this review compares the traditional and novel rapid detection methods for these microorganisms which may provide innovative control and detection strategies for preventing alcoholic beverage spoilage, such as improvement of microbiological quality control using advanced culture media or different isothermal amplification methods.

Optimal type and ratio of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent of foam glass fabricated with red mud and coal gangue

Jina Wang, Kaidong Xu,Zhixin Li,Yilong Yang,Qingxiao Li,Yun Bao,Huan Yang,Lingling Ding,Ruixin Zhang,Yuanyuan Wang,Lan Yao 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.1

In order to effectively reuse red mud and coal gangue, foam glass was successfully prepared by sintering. The foaming of foamglass is ensured by adding foaming agent, foam stabilizer and fluxing agent to the raw materials including red mud, coalgangue and waste glass. Furthermore, the defects in the foam glass are also reduced. The obtained powder was dried at 105ºC and characterized by XRF, DSC-TG analysis, etc. According to cellular structure, apparent density and water absorption,the optimal type and ratio of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent were revealed. The results indicate that theoptimized formula of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent is 3% MnO2-2% Na3PO4-2% borax. The foam glassprepared under optimized conditions exhibits uniform porous distribution and suitable pore size with an apparent density of0.575 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.61%. The research in this work could establish the technical foundation of red mudbasedporous material for industrial production.

Spinosin Inhibits Aβ_1-42 Production and Aggregation via Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway

( Xiaoying Zhang ),( Jinyu Wang ),( Guowei Gong ),( Ruixin Ma ),( Fanxing Xu ),( Tingxu Yan ),( Bo Wu ),( Ying Jia ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.3

The present research work primarily investigated whether spinosin has the potential of improving the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) driven by β-amyloid (Aβ) overproduction through impacting the procession of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Wild type mouse Neuro-2a cells (N2a/WT) and N2a stably expressing human APP695 (N2a/APP695) cells were treated with spinosin for 24 h. The levels of APP protein and secreted enzymes closely related to APP procession were examined by western blot analysis. Oxidative stress related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were detected by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was analyzed by flow cytometry, the levels of Aβ_1-42were determined by ELISA kit, and Thioflavin T (ThT) assay was used to detect the effect of spinosin on Aβ_1-42aggregation. The results showed that ROS induced the expression of ADAM10 and reduced the expression of BACE1, while spinosin inhibited ROS production by activating Nrf2 and up-regulating the expression of HO-1. Additionally, spinosin reduced Aβ_1-42production by impacting the procession of APP. In addition, spinosin inhibited the aggregation of Aβ_1-42. In conclusion, spinosin reduced Aβ_1-42 production by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in N2a/WT and N2a/ APP695 cells. Therefore, spinosin is expected to be a promising treatment of AD.

Involvement of Estrogen Receptor-α in the Activation of Nrf2-Antioxidative Signaling Pathways by Silibinin in Pancreatic β-Cells

( Chun Chu ),( Xiang Gao ),( Xiang Li ),( Xiaoying Zhang ),( Ruixin Ma ),( Ying Jia ),( Dahong Li ),( Dongkai Wang ),( Fanxing Xu ) 한국응용약물학회 2020 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.28 No.2

Silibinin exhibits antidiabetic potential by preserving the mass and function of pancreatic β-cells through up-regulation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) expression. However, the underlying protective mechanism of silibinin in pancreatic β-cells is still unclear. In the current study, we sought to determine whether ERα acts as the target of silibinin for the modulation of antioxidative response in pancreatic β-cells under high glucose and high fat conditions. Our in vivo study revealed that a 4-week oral administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day) decreased fasting blood glucose with a concurrent increase in levels of serum insulin in high-fat diet/streptozotocin- induced type 2 diabetic rats. Moreover, expression of ERα, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in pancreatic β-cells in pancreatic islets was increased by silibinin treatment. Accordingly, silibinin (10 μM) elevated viability, insulin biosynthesis, and insulin secretion of high glucose/palmitate-treated INS-1 cells accompanied by increased expression of ERα, Nrf2, and HO-1 as well as decreased reactive oxygen species production in vitro. Treatment using an ERα antagonist (MPP) in INS-1 cells or silencing ERα expression in INS-1 and NIT-1 cells with siRNA abolished the protective effects of silibinin. Our study suggests that silibinin activates the Nrf2-antioxidative pathways in pancreatic β-cells through regulation of ERα expression.

Novel asymmetric duty modulation for DAB converters to improve light load efficiency

Feng Wang,Xinyu Cui,Fang Zhuo,Jiachen Tian,Zhi Zheng,Ruixin Xu 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.4

In a DC distribution network, the solid-state transformer (SST) and energy storage systems require an isolated bidirectionalDC–DC converter (IBDC). Among the many IBDCs, the dual active bridge (DAB) converter has been widely studied dueto its advantages in terms of high power density and high efficiency. The traditional control strategy for DAB is phase shiftcontrol. However, when the primary and secondary side voltages do not match, the soft-switching characteristic and increasingcurrent in the phase shift control affect the application of DAB in scenarios involving input and output voltage changes. To improve the above-mentioned defects, a novel asymmetric duty modulation (ADM) control is proposed in this paper. Among the various multi-variable ADM controls, the two-variable ADM control is simple, but its current is higher under light loads. To improve this defect, this paper introduces trapezoidal modulation (TZM) control proposed for phase shift control into ADM to form a similar TZM (STZM) control corresponding to TZM control. This paper first expounds the basic principle of STZM control. On this basis, its basic characteristics are researched. With current stress as the optimization goal, an optimal STZM (OSTZM) control scheme with minimum current stress is proposed, and the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified on the experimental bench. The result shows that STZM control can improve efficiency under light loads by reducing the current and ensuring full ZVS.

Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Wang Qi,Dai Huajie,Hou Tianzhichao,Hou Yanan,Wang Tiange,Lin Hong,Zhao Zhiyun,Li Mian,Zheng Ruizhi,Wang Shuangyuan,Lu Jieli,Xu Yu,Liu Ruixin,Ning Guang,Wang Weiqing,Bi Yufang,Zheng Jie,Xu Min 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3

Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites. Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family, <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all <i>P</i><0.044). The causal associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all <i>P</i><0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (<i>P</i>=0.028) and 4.6% (<i>P</i>=0.033); the association between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (<i>P</i>=0.019), 4.2% (<i>P</i>=0.035), and 9.1% (<i>P</i>=0.013), respectively. Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.