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Julio I. Farjat-Pasos,Jorge Nuche,Jules Mesnier,Vassili Panagides,Stephanie Cloutier,Christine Houde,Josep Rodés-Cabau 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.3
Transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure is a safe and effective treatment for secondary prevention after a PFO-associated stroke as demonstrated in multiple large randomized clinical trials. However, these trials excluded a significant proportion of patients who could have benefited from percutaneous PFO closure due to coexisting potential confounders such as additional thromboembolic risk factors, namely thrombophilia. Since scarce and conflicting data existed on such patients, current clinical management guidelines on patients with PFO mainly recommended against PFO closure in patients with thrombophilia and failed to provide any recommendation on the type and duration of antithrombotic treatment after transcatheter PFO closure. In the past 2 years, there has been new evidence supporting transcatheter PFO closure as a clinically meaningful alternative (vs. medical treatment) in this high-risk group of patients, along with additional data supporting the important role of systematic screening for thrombophilia in PFO-associated cerebrovascular events. This review article provides an updated overview of the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes of PFO closure in patients with thrombophilia, also commenting on the most appropriate medical treatment after PFO closure and future perspectives in the field.
Farjat-Pasos Julio I.,Chamorro Angel,Lanthier Sylvain,Robichaud Mathieu,Mengi Siddhartha,Houde Christine,Rodés-Cabau Josep 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure, along with medical therapy, has emerged as the therapeutic gold standard in younger (<60-year-old) patients with a PFO-related stroke for preventing recurrent events. However, PFO management guidelines lack definite recommendations for older (>60 years) patients with a PFO-related cerebrovascular event, a complex group of patients who were mostly excluded from PFO closure clinical trials. Nevertheless, several studies have shown a higher prevalence of PFO among older patients with cryptogenic stroke, and its presence has been associated with an increased risk of recurrent events. Furthermore, older patients exhibit a higher prevalence of high-risk PFO anatomical features, present inherent age-related risk factors that might increase the risk of paradoxical embolism through a PFO, and have a higher incidence of ischemic events after a PFO-related event. Additionally, observational studies have shown the safety and preliminary efficacy of PFO closure in older PFO-related stroke patients. Yet, higher rates of recurrent cerebrovascular events and new-onset atrial fibrillation were observed in some studies among older patients compared to their younger counterparts. After careful case-by-case evaluation, including the assessment of hidden potential cardioembolic sources of a cryptogenic stroke other than PFO, transcatheter PFO closure might be a safe and effective therapeutic option for preventing recurrent thromboembolic events in patients >60 years with a high-risk PFO-associated stroke. Ongoing trials will provide important insights into the role of PFO closure in the elderly population.
China`s Real Exchange Rate Puzzle
( Rod Tyers ),( Jane Golley ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.3
International pressure to revalue China`s currency stems in part from the expectation that rapid economic growth should be associated with a real exchange rate appreciation. This hinges on the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis under which economic growth is due to relative tradable productivity gains which cause rising relative non-traded prices. The puzzle is that, while evidence on China`s productivity and prices supports this hypothesis, its real exchange rate showed no tendency to appreciate during 1990-2006. Resolution requires allowance for failures of the law of one price for traded goods, which expands the array of determinants to include labour supply growth and demand switches due to changes in investment interest premia, saving rates and trade distortions. The sensitivity of China`s real exchange rate to these determinants is reviewed with the results confirming that financial outflows have been prominent depreciating forces since 1997. These, along with WTO accession trade reforms, have more than offset the Balassa-Samuelson productivity effects.
Trade, Technology and Labor Markets: General Equilibrium Perspectives
( Rod Tyers ),( Ron Duncan ),( Will Martin ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1999 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.14 No.2
This paper summarizes the state of the debate on the effects of "globalization" and spontaneous technical change on wages and, in this context, describes the results from a recent study of the links between trade, technical change and labor market behavior These new results show that comparatively minor generalization of the standard Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson model of trading countries substantially moderates the Stolper-Samuelson factor reward changes stemming from trade reform. In part for this reason, results from a global general equilibrium analysis suggest that the direct effects of increased openness are a comparatively minor explanator of the observed shifts in labor demand and that skilled-labor-using technical change would appear most important. Of course, part of that technical change may itself be in response to international competition. Any protectionist response against developing countries, driven by concerns about wage inequality or unemployment, is shown to be counterproductive. (JEL Classification: F02, F13, J31)
( Rod Tyers ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 1993 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.8 No.2
Historic economic reforms are under way in Western Europe, Eastern and Central Europe and in the former Soviet Union. Western European governments are committed to reduce the growth of output from their highly protected agricultural sectors and raise domestic demand, thus reducing the region`s net food surplus. Although the pre-reform agricultural sector of the former Soviet Union was also heavily assisted, that assistance was combined with substantial consumption subsidies. The move toward less fiscally burdensome policies in that region, combined with the overall economic slump there, has reduced both food production and consumption. But inexpensive "catch-up" technical change could bring major improvements in agricultural productivity and a growing net surplus in many staple food products. This paper marshalls evidence for this tendency of the reforms in East and West to have off-setting effects on the region`s net agricultural trade. A disaggregated revision of the Tyers-Anderson model of world food trade is then used to quantify these possible effects, the results suggesting that the overall trend will be toward an increasing net surplus of staple food products across Greater Europe and the former Soviet Union.
Rod Pederson 한국영어교육학회 2019 ENGLISH TEACHING(영어교육) Vol.74 No.4
Many Korean scholars have praised progressive initiatives in the current Korean National Curriculum (KNC) and Korean National English Curriculum (KNEC), although they also state that the actual teaching practices have changed little. With each new iteration of the KNC it is apparent that the Korean Ministry of Education (MOE) is encouraging a pedagogical agenda that reflects the necessities of situated learning and ‘student-centered’ approaches to teaching and learning. The MOE’s inclusion of ‘micro-teaching’ in tertiary teacher training program reviews also illustrates its increasingly active measures to affect educational change in Korea. Concomitant with the recent MOE initiatives, there has been a growing interest in practices of critical literacy/pedagogy in English education over the past 15 years in Korea. The purpose of critical literacy is to educate students to be knowledgeable, creative, and active participants in a democracy for the purposes of increasing social justice and agency. Thus, it becomes possible, and desirable, to undertake a theoretical analysis of the language and intent between the KNC/ KNEC and theories of critical literacy. This paper analyzes the language ant intent of the KNC and KNEC to determine the extent to which they reflect the theories and pedagogies of critical literacy. Results of this analysis indicate that that critical literacy supports the goals of the curricula and suggest that it should be included in tertiary teacher education programs.