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David Jiang,Robert Weiss,Benjamin Lind,Omar Morcos,Cheong Jun Lee 대한혈관외과학회 2024 Vascular Specialist International Vol.40 No.2
Purpose: This study aims to examine predisposing anatomic factors and subsequent post-decompression functional outcomes among high-intensity athletes with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Materials and Methods: A single-institution retrospective review was performed on a prospective database of patients with TOS from 2018 to 2023 who had undergone operative decompression for TOS. Demographics, TOS characteristics, predisposing anatomy, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were examined. The primary outcome was postoperative return to sport. Secondary outcomes included vascular patency. Results: A total of 13 patients who were engaged in high-demand athletic activity at the time of their diagnosis were included. Diagnoses included 8 (62%) patients with venous TOS, 4 (31%) patients with neurogenic TOS, and 1 (8%) patient with arterial TOS. Mixed vascular and neurogenic TOS was observed in 3 (23%) patients. The mean age of the cohort was 30 years. Abnormal scalene structure was observed in 12 (92%) patients, and abnormal bone structures were noted in 4 (27%) patients; 2 (15%) with cervical ribs and 3 (23%) patients with clavicular abnormalities. Prior ipsilateral upper extremity trauma was reported in 4 (27%) patients. Significant joint hypermobility was observed in 8 (62%) patients with a median Beighton score of 6. Supraclavicular cervical and/or first rib resection with scalenectomy was performed in all patients. One case of postoperative pneumothorax was treated non-operatively. Ten (77%) patients returned to sport. Duplex ultrasonography showed subclavian vein patency in all 8 patients with venous TOS and wide patency with no drop in perfusion indices in the patient with arterial TOS. Conclusion: Athletes with TOS who required operative intervention had a high incidence of musculoskeletal aberrations and joint hypermobility. Supraclavicular decompression was associated with a high success rate, with overall good functional outcomes and good likelihood of patients returning to preoperative high-intensity athletics.
MHz gravitational wave constraints with decameter Michelson interferometers
Chou, Aaron S.,Gustafson, Richard,Hogan, Craig,Kamai, Brittany,Kwon, Ohkyung,Lanza, Robert,Larson, Shane L.,McCuller, Lee,Meyer, Stephan S.,Richardson, Jonathan,Stoughton, Chris,Tomlin, Raymond,Weiss, American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review D Vol.95 No.6
<P>A new detector, the Fermilab Holometer, consists of separate yet identical 39-meter Michelson interferometers. Strain sensitivity achieved is better than 10(-21) / root Hz between 1 to 13 MHz from a 130-h data set. This measurement exceeds the sensitivity and frequency range made from previous high frequency gravitational wave experiments by many orders of magnitude. Constraints are placed on a stochastic background at 382 Hz resolution. The 3 sigma upper limit on Omega(GW), the gravitational wave energy density normalized to the closure density, ranges from 5.6 x 10(12) at 1 MHz to 8.4 x 10(15) at 13 MHz. Another result from the same data set is a search for nearby primordial black hole binaries (PBHB). There are no detectable monochromatic PBHBs in the mass range 0.83-3.5 x 10(21) g between the Earth and the Moon. Projections for a chirp search with the same data set increase the mass range to 0.59 - 2.5 x 10(25) g and distances out to Jupiter. This result presents a new method for placing limits on a poorly constrained mass range of primordial black holes. Additionally, solar system searches for PBHBs place limits on their contribution to the total dark matter fraction.</P>
Characterization of genital injuries secondary to foreign bodies from 2011 to 2020
Meher Pandher,Arnold Oparanozie,Amy Song,Jasmine Mahajan,Courtney Berg,Gabriel Fernandez,Chrystal Chang,Amjad Alwaal,Robert Weiss 대한비뇨의학회 2023 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.64 No.1
Purpose: To identify demographic trends of foreign object genital injuries presenting to emergency departments from 2011 to 2020. Materials and Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database reports consumer product-related injuries in United States ED visits. The database was queried to identify 375 cases of genital injuries from 2011 to 2020. Inclusion criteria consisted of cases reporting injuries involving the urethra, penis, or scrotum. Data was reported and analyzed using linear regression. Results: Based on 375 cases, an estimated 13,170 (95% confidence interval, 10,817–15,522) patients in the US suffered genital injuries due to foreign bodies between 2011 and 2020. These injuries involved the penis (65.9%), urethra (30.7%) and scrotum (3.5%). Of all patients, 11.8% required hospital admission after treatment of which injuries to the urethra were most common (44.0%). Most of these patients were ages 19 to 64 (66.1%). Consumer products most implicated included rings (50.7%), zippers (17.1%), and pens and pencils (10.3%). Injuries due to zippers and swimming apparel occurred significantly more frequently in patients ages 0–18 (p<0.05). Injuries due to kitchen gadgets occurred significantly more in patients ages ≥65 (p<0.05). Pens, pencils, and massage devices were items that routinely resulted in urethral injuries, often requiring hospitalization. Linear regression showed genital injuries related to foreign objects significantly increased from 2011 to 2020 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Due to the nature of injury caused to genitalia by intentional and unintentional exposure to foreign bodies, educating individuals on this topic in sexual education classes is necessary for preventing future injuries.
Interferometric constraints on quantum geometrical shear noise correlations
Chou, Aaron,Glass, Henry,Richard Gustafson, H,Hogan, Craig J,Kamai, Brittany L,Kwon, Ohkyung,Lanza, Robert,McCuller, Lee,Meyer, Stephan S,Richardson, Jonathan W,Stoughton, Chris,Tomlin, Ray,Weiss, Rai IOP 2017 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.34 No.16
<P>Final measurements and analysis are reported from the first-generation Holometer, the first instrument capable of measuring correlated variations in space-time position at strain noise power spectral densities smaller than a Planck time. The apparatus consists of two co-located, but independent and isolated, 40 m power-recycled Michelson interferometers, whose outputs are cross-correlated to 25 MHz. The data are sensitive to correlations of differential position across the apparatus over a broad band of frequencies up to and exceeding the inverse light crossing time, 7.6 MHz. By measuring with Planck precision the correlation of position variations at spacelike separations, the Holometer searches for faint, irreducible correlated position noise backgrounds predicted by some models of quantum space-time geometry. The first-generation optical layout is sensitive to quantum geometrical noise correlations with shear symmetry—those that can be interpreted as a fundamental noncommutativity of space-time position in orthogonal directions. General experimental constraints are placed on parameters of a set of models of spatial shear noise correlations, with a sensitivity that exceeds the Planck-scale holographic information bound on position states by a large factor. This result significantly extends the upper limits placed on models of directional noncommutativity by currently operating gravitational wave observatories.</P>
The Holometer: an instrument to probe Planckian quantum geometry
Chou, Aaron,Glass, Henry,Gustafson, H Richard,Hogan, Craig,Kamai, Brittany L,Kwon, Ohkyung,Lanza, Robert,McCuller, Lee,Meyer, Stephan S,Richardson, Jonathan,Stoughton, Chris,Tomlin, Ray,Weiss, Rainer Institute of Physics 2017 Classical and quantum gravity Vol.34 No.6
<P>This paper describes the Fermilab Holometer, an instrument for measuring correlations of position variations over a four-dimensional volume of space-time. The apparatus consists of two co-located, but independent and isolated, 40 m power-recycled Michelson interferometers, whose outputs are cross-correlated to 25 MHz. The data are sensitive to correlations of differential position across the apparatus over a broad band of frequencies up to and exceeding the inverse light crossing time, 7.6 MHz. A noise model constrained by diagnostic and environmental data distinguishes among physical origins of measured correlations, and is used to verify shot-noise-limited performance. These features allow searches for exotic quantum correlations that depart from classical trajectories at spacelike separations, with a strain noise power spectral density sensitivity smaller than the Planck time. The Holometer in current and future configurations is projected to provide precision tests of a wide class of models of quantum geometry at the Planck scale, beyond those already constrained by currently operating gravitational wave observatories.</P>