Development and physicochemical characterization of saquinavir mesylate solid dispersions using Gelucire 44/14 or PEG 4000 as carrier

Thiago Caon,Ricardo Augusto Konig,Ariadne Cristiane Cabral da Cruz,Simone Gonc¸alves Cardoso,Carlos Eduardo Maduro Campos,Silvia Lucia Cuffini,Letı´cia Scherer Koester,Cla´udia Maria Oliveira Simo˜es 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.9

Solid dispersions of saquinavir mesylate containingeither Gelucire 44/14 or poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) 4000, or mixtures of each carrier with Tween 80 orpolyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K30 were prepared in order toenhance the drug dissolution rate. These systems wereprepared by the melting method and characterized by X-raypowder diffraction, microscopical techniques, and Ramanspectroscopy aiming to establish a relationship betweenphysicochemical and dissolution properties under differentcooling conditions. Modifications in degree of crystallineorder/disorder over time were observed in preparationswith both carriers. Overall, formulations cooled and stored at -20 C showed less variation in dissolution rates thanthose at 25 C. Although Tween 80 has enhanced theknown self-emulsifying properties of Gelucire 44/14, itscombination with PEG 4000 displayed miscibility problems. The addition of PVP K30 was not the most effectiveapproach in enhancing the dissolution in early steps;however, the drug dissolution was stable after 7 days ofstorage at 25 C. The combination of PEG 4000 and PVPK30 maintained the dissolution properties for 60 and90 days at 25 C/95 % relative humidity and 40 C/75 %(f2 values[50), respectively.

Bone changes in the mandibular incisors after orthodontic correction of dental crowding without extraction: A cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation

Valerio, Claudia Scigliano,Cardoso, Claudia Assuncao e Alves,Arauujo, Eustaquio Afonso,Zenobio, Elton Goncalves,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2021 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.51 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate changes of the alveolar bone and interdental bone septum of the mandibular incisors through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthodontic treatment of mandibular dental crowding without dental extraction. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 CBCT images(32 pre-treatment and 32 post-treatment) from 32 adult patients with class I malocclusion and an average age of 23.0±3.9 years. The width and height of the alveolar bone and interdental septum, the distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the facial and lingual bone crests, and the inclination of the mandibular incisors were measured. Results: The distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side increased significantly (P<0.05). An increased distance between the CEJ and the bone crest on the facial and lingual sides showed a correlation with the irregularity index (P<0.05); however, no significant association was observed with increasing mandibular incisor inclination (P>0.05). The change in the distance between the CEJ and the marginal bone crest on the facial side was correlated significantly with bone septum height(P<0.05). Conclusion: Bone dehiscence developed during the treatment of crowding without extraction only on the incisors' facial side. Increasing proclination of the mandibular incisor was not correlated with bone dehiscence. The degree of dental crowding assessed through the irregularity index was associated with the risk of developing bone dehiscence. The interdental septum reflected facial marginal bone loss in the mandibular incisors.

Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Valproic Acid–Induced Neural Tube Defects in Mice

Gerardo N. Escalona-Cardoso,Norma Paniagua-Castro,Ricardo Pe´rez-Paste´n,Germa´n Chamorro-Cevallos 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.12

Valproic acid (VPA) is a potent inducer of neural tube defects in human and mouse, its teratogenicity is associated with its potential to generation of free radicals and increase oxidative stress. Furthermore, spirulina (SP) has shown pharmacological properties against teratogenicity, which are attributed to its antioxidant potential. Accordingly, the present study was performed to investigate the influence of SP on the teratogenicity of VPA in imprinting control region mice and the possible mechanisms of action. VPA (sodium valproate) was administered intraperitoneally to mice on gestation day (GD) 8 at a dose of 600 mg/kg. SP was given orally at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg daily from GD0 through GD18. The most common finding in fetuses with VPA exposure was exencephaly. SP decreased the incidence of this and other malformations and increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, these results illustrate the protective action of SP through its antioxidant activity against VPA-induced teratogenicity.

Diagnosis of Bowel Endometriosis Using Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration

Ana Catarina Carvalho,Ricardo Cardoso,Francisco Pires,Sofia Ventura,Francisco Portela,Paula Ministro,Américo Silva 대한소화기학회 2023 대한소화기학회지 Vol.81 No.1

Endometriosis is a relatively common gynecological condition in women of reproductive age. The rectosigmoid region is the most commonly affected segment when the gastrointestinal tract is involved. A differential diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia is difficult because of the similar clinical, endoscopic, and radiology findings. A 42-year-old female presented with abdominal distention and was subsequently diagnosed with a large bowel obstruction in the rectum. A temporary colostomy was performed, and endoscopy revealed a rectal mass obstructing the rectum. The biopsy showed normal mucosa, and it was difficult to exclude rectal malignancies even after the imaging workup. Endoscopic ultrasound demonstrated a hypoechoic lesion below the rectal mucosa, and fine needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of bowel endometriosis. Bowel endometriosis is a challenging diagnosis. Endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine-needle aspiration is useful for acquiring adequate samples for histological confirmation and a definitive diagnosis of bowel endometriosis.

Spirulina (Arthrospira) Protects Against Cadmium-Induced Teratogenic Damage in Mice

Norma Paniagua-Castro,Gerardo Escalona-Cardoso,Dolores Hernández-Navarro,Ricardo Pérez-Pastén,Germán Chamorro-Cevallos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.4

The role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) in preventing cadmium (Cd) teratogenicity in ICR mice was studied. Cd was administered intraperitoneally to female mice at 1.5 mg/kg on gestation day (GD)-7, and Spirulina was given by peroral (intragastric) administration at 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg from GD-0 through GD-17 (the day when animals were sacrificed). Because among the mechanisms suggested to account for reproductive damage are oxidative stress and lipoperoxidation, embryonic hydroperoxides were also determined. Treatment with Spirulina at the three highest doses significantly decreased the frequency of fetuses with exencephaly, micrognathia, and skeletal abnormalities induced by Cd. Furthermore, Spirulina treatment significantly and dose-dependently decreased lipid peroxidation, which was dramatically increased by administration of the metal. The results of the present study clearly point to the therapeutic potential of Spirulina in Cd-induced teratogenicity and probably through its antioxidant activity.

Accuracy of various imaging methods for detecting misfit at the tooth-restoration interface in posterior teeth

Francio, Luciano Andrei,Silva, Fernanda Evangelista,Valerio, Claudia Scigliano,Cardoso, Claudia Assuncao e Alves,Jansen, Wellington Correa,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.2

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate which of the following imaging methods best assessed misfit at the tooth-restoration interface: (1) bitewing radiographs, both conventional and digital, performed using a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) and a charge-coupled device (CCD) system; (2) panoramic radiographs, both conventional and digital; and (3) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty healthy human molars with class I cavities were selected and divided into 4 groups according to the restoration that was applied: composite resin, composite resin with liner material to simulate misfit, dental amalgam, and dental amalgam with liner material to simulate misfit. Radiography and tomography were performed using the various imaging methods, and the resulting images were analyzed by 2 calibrated radiologists. The true presence or absence of misfit corresponding to an area of radiolucency in regions subjacent to the esthetic and metal restorations was validated with microscopy. The data were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the scores were compared using the Cohen kappa coefficient. Results: For bitewing images, the digital systems (CCD and PSP) showed a higher area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for the evaluation of resin restorations, while the conventional images exhibited a larger AUROC for the evaluation of amalgam restorations. Conventional and digital panoramic radiographs did not yield good results for the evaluation of resin and amalgam restorations (P<.05). CBCT images exhibited good results for resin restorations(P>.05), but showed no discriminatory ability for amalgam restorations(P<.05). Conclusion: Bitewing radiographs (conventional or digital) should be the method of choice when assessing dental restoration misfit.

The use of digital periapical radiographs to study the prevalence of alveolar domes

Xambre, Pedro Augusto Oliveira Santos,Valerio, Claudia Scigliano,Cardoso, Claudia Assuncao e Alves,Custodio, Antonio Luis Neto,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2016 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: In the present study, we coined the term 'alveolar dome' and aimed to demonstrate the prevalence of alveolar domes through digital periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study examined 800 digital periapical radiographs in regard to the presence of alveolar domes. The periapical radiographs were acquired by a digital system using a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate. The ${\chi}^2$ test, with a significance level of 5%, was used to compare the prevalence of alveolar domes in the maxillary posterior teeth and, considering the same teeth, to verify the difference in the prevalence of dome-shaped phenomena between the roots. Results: The prevalence of alveolar domes present in the first pre-molars was statistically lower as compared to the other maxillary posterior teeth (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of alveolar domes between the maxillary first and second molars. Considering the maxillary first and second molars, it was observed that the palatal root presented a lower prevalence of alveolar domes when compared to the distobuccal and mesiobuccal roots (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study coined the term 'alveolar dome', referring to the anatomical projection of the root into the floor of the maxillary sinus. The maxillary first and second molars presented a greater prevalence of alveolar domes, especially in the buccal roots, followed by the third molars and second pre-molars. Although the periapical radiograph is a two-dimensional method, it can provide dentists with the auxiliary information necessary to identify alveolar domes, thus improving diagnosis, planning, and treatment.

The use of digital periapical radiographs to study the prevalence of alveolar domes

Pedro Augusto Oliveira Santos Xambre,Claudia Scigliano Valerio,Claudia Assunção e Alves Cardoso,Antônio Luís Neto Custódio,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2016 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.46 No.3

Purpose: In the present study, we coined the term ‘alveolar dome’ and aimed to demonstrate the prevalence of alveolar domes through digital periapical radiographs. Materials and Methods: This study examined 800 digital periapical radiographs in regard to the presence of alveolar domes. The periapical radiographs were acquired by a digital system using a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate. The χ2 test, with a significance level of 5%, was used to compare the prevalence of alveolar domes in the maxillary posterior teeth and, considering the same teeth, to verify the difference in the prevalence of dome-shaped phenomena between the roots. Results: The prevalence of alveolar domes present in the first pre-molars was statistically lower as compared to the other maxillary posterior teeth (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the prevalence of alveolar domes between the maxillary first and second molars. Considering the maxillary first and second molars, it was observed that the palatal root presented a lower prevalence of alveolar domes when compared to the distobuccal and mesiobuccal roots (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study coined the term ‘alveolar dome’, referring to the anatomical projection of the root into the floor of the maxillary sinus. The maxillary first and second molars presented a greater prevalence of alveolar domes, especially in the buccal roots, followed by the third molars and second pre-molars. Although the periapical radiograph is a two-dimensional method, it can provide dentists with the auxiliary information necessary to identify alveolar domes, thus improving diagnosis, planning, and treatment.

Accuracy of various imaging methods for detecting misfit at the tooth-restoration interface in posterior teeth

Luciano Andrei Francio,Fernanda Evangelista Silva,Claudia Scigliano Valerio,Claudia Assunção e Alves Cardoso,Wellington Corrêa Jansen,Flávio Ricardo Manzi 대한영상치의학회 2018 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.48 No.2

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate which of the following imaging methods best assessed misfit at the tooth-restoration interface: (1) bitewing radiographs, both conventional and digital, performed using a photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) and a charge-coupled device (CCD) system; (2) panoramic radiographs, both conventional and digital; and (3) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: Forty healthy human molars with class I cavities were selected and divided into 4 groups according to the restoration that was applied: composite resin, composite resin with liner material to simulate misfit, dental amalgam, and dental amalgam with liner material to simulate misfit. Radiography and tomography were performed using the various imaging methods, and the resulting images were analyzed by 2 calibrated radiologists. The true presence or absence of misfit corresponding to an area of radiolucency in regions subjacent to the esthetic and metal restorations was validated with microscopy. The data were analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the scores were compared using the Cohen kappa coefficient. Results: For bitewing images, the digital systems (CCD and PSP) showed a higher area under the ROC curve (AUROC) for the evaluation of resin restorations, while the conventional images exhibited a larger AUROC for the evaluation of amalgam restorations. Conventional and digital panoramic radiographs did not yield good results for the evaluation of resin and amalgam restorations (P<.05). CBCT images exhibited good results for resin restorations (P>.05), but showed no discriminatory ability for amalgam restorations (P<.05). Conclusion: Bitewing radiographs (conventional or digital) should be the method of choice when assessing dental restoration misfit.

Radiographic and computed tomography monitoring of a fractured needle fragment in the mandibular branch

Villalobos, Maria Isabel de Oliveira e Britto,Leite, Thaisa Cristina Gomes Ferreira,Barra, Samila Goncalves,Werneche, Daniela Teresa Pinto da Cunha,Manzi, Flavio Ricardo,Cardoso, Claudia Assuncao e Al Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.1

Some complications can arise with the usage of local anesthesia for dental procedures, including the fracture of needles in the patient. This is a rare incident, usually caused by the patient's sudden movements during anesthetic block. Its complications are not common, but can include pain, trismus, inflammation in the region, difficulty in swallowing, and migration of the object, which is the least common but has the ability to cause more serious damage to the patient. This report describes a case in which, after the fracture of the anesthetic needle used during alveolar nerve block for exodontia of the left mandibular third molar, the fragment moved significantly in the first 2 months, before stabilizing after the third month of radiographic monitoring.