Modelling the dispersion of a tracer gas in the wake of an isolated low-rise building

Quinn, A.D.,Wilson, M.,Reynolds, A.M.,Couling, S.B.,Hoxey, R.P. Techno-Press 2001 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.4 No.1

Mean concentrations of ammonia gas released as a tracer from an isolated low-rise building have been measured and predicted. Predictions were calculated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and two dispersion models: a diffusion model and a Lagrangian particle tracking technique. Explicit account was taken of the natural variation of wind direction by a technique based on the weighted summation of individual steady state wind direction results according to the probability density function of the wind direction. The results indicated that at distances >3 building heights downstream the weighted predictions from either model are satisfactory but that in the near wake the diffusion model is less successful. Weighted solutions give significantly improved predictions over unweighted results. Lack of plume spread is identified as the main cause of inaccuracies in predictions and this is linked to inadequate resolution of flow features and mixing in the CFD model. Further work on non-steady state simulation of wake flows for dispersion studies is recommended.

Poster Session : PS 0392 ; Infectious Disease ; Profi le of Vcam in Patients with Confi rmed Mild Dengue Infection in Surabaya, Indonesia

( M Vitanata Arfijanto ),( Musofa Rusli ),( Nasronudin Nasronudin ),( Maria I Lusida ),( Muhammad A Isfandiari ),( Evhy Apryani ),( Siswanto Siswanto ),( Mj Reynolds ),( Umar F Achmadi ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Dengue infection is still an endemic disease in Indonesia. The hallmark of dengue infection is the posibility to progress to fatal disease. VCAM is known for some role in the pathogenesis of dengue. The aim of the study was To describe VCAM profi le in patients with dengue infection Methods: This study design was cross-sectional study and conducted from January 2012 to November 2013. This study has been approved by Ethical Committee. The subjects were dengue patients with 10 years-old of age or above, with fever on day-1 or day-2, suspected dengue infection according to WHO criteria, showed positive result either by NS-1, and or IgM - IgG. Complete blood count, clinical chemistry, and VCAM were performed on the fi rst day of admission. Correlations were analyzed with Spearman test. Results: We recruited 100 subjects with positive result either by NS-1, and or IgM - IgG, and positive viral load showed. Clinical profi le and laboratory of the subjects were: fever 38±1.03 ℃, hemoglobin 13.57±1.45 g/dL, hematocrite 39.44±4.16 %, leucocyte 3.82x10³ cells/mm3, thrombocyte 98 (min-max 19-312)x10³ cells/mm3, lymphocyte 28.58±12.69%, serum albumin 3.79±0.54 g/dL, VCAM 233 (min-max 60.5-938) ng/ dL. The proportion of thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia were 38.6%, 46.5% and 24.8%, respectively. The clinical diagnosis were dengue fever, DHF grade I, and DHF grade grade II; with proportions: 52.5%, 42.6% and 4%, respectively. There were no subject progressing to severe dengue. There were no correlation between VCAM with severity grading, thrombocytopenia, hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, or hemorrhagic events. There were signifi cant weak correlation between VCAM level and body temperature level (r=0.21, p <0.05). Conclusions: We reported VCAM profi le of subjects with mild dengue infection. Signifi cant weak correlation between VCAM level and body temperature level was found in the subjects.

Poster Session : PS 0410 ; Infectious Disease ; Melaleuca Alternifolia Concentrate (MAC) as a Causal Therapy of Dengue Infection

( Nasronudin ),( M Inge Lusida ),( Brian Rachman ),( Musofa Rusli ),( Matoillah Isfandiari ),( Evhy Apryani ),( Vitanata Arfijanto ),( Sudibyo ),( Jt Tjahjana ),( Siswanto ),( Mj Reynolds ),( Umar F A 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Dengue infection is distributed throughout the tropical areas around the world, including Indonesia. Dengue fever/ dengue hemorrhagic fever is a mosquito- borne disease caused by dengue virus of any serotype 1 (DEN1) to DEN4. Until now, therapy is based on pathophysiology. Aims: To evaluate the effi cacy and safety of MAC for the treatment of dengue infection. Methods: This clinical trial phase III was designed to study the inhibitory property of MAC against dengue virus (DENV) activity. A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial method was approved by Ethical Committee of Dr. Soetomo Hospital. This study was conducted from January 2012 to November 2013. After a signed informed consent, 530 patients, fever on day-1 or day-2, suspected dengue infection according to WHO criteria, showed positive result either by NS-1, and or IgM - IgG, were recruited. The subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I received WHO standard treatment and 300 mg - MAC twice daily orally for 7 days. Group II received WHO standard treatment only. History, physical examination and complete blood count were done every day. Laboratory test (liver function, kidney function, CD4, CD8, VCAM, viral load) were performed on the fi rst, fourth and seventh day. Results: The results showed that the quantity of virus signifi cantly decreased in the treatment group (96.67%) compared to the control group (44.79%). Also showed that MAC did improve the immune system by increasing the value of CD8 (6.89%) and CD4 (9.95%). MAC provision does not interfere with the function of liver and kidney, and was well tolerated by the patients. Conclusions: MAC has signifi cant reduction of viral load level, may have immunomodulatory effects, prevent the plasma leakage, no hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. MAC effi cacy as an antiviral agent against DENV infection has been very effectively illustrated.

Poster Session : PS 0393 ; Infectious Disease ; Clinical Profi le of Confi rmed Mild Dengue Infection Cases in Surabaya, Indonesia: Case Reports of 100 Patients

( Musofa Rusli ),( M Vitanata Arfijanto ),( Nasronudin Nasronudin ),( Maria I Lusida ),( Muhammad A Isfandiari ),( Evhy Apryani ),( Siswanto Siswanto ),( Mj Reynolds ),( Umar F Achmadi ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Dengue infection is an endemic arboviral disease in Indonesia. Dengue infection can lead to fatal disease, including Dengue Shock Syndrome. Clinical recognition of Dengue infection cases in daily practice is important, as well as case recognition by using routine complete blood count and clinical chemistry. There were no such data in Surabaya for dengue infection cases. The aim of the study was to describe clinical profi le patients with dengue infection. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional study and conducted from January 2012 to November 2013. This study has been approved by Ethical Committee. We recruited subjects with 10 years-old of age or above, with fever on day-1 or day-2, suspected dengue infection according to WHO criteria, showed positive result either by NS-1, and or IgM - IgG. Complete blood count, clinical chemistry, liver function, kidney function, and viral load were performed on the fi rst day of admission. Results: The subjects` age were 19 (min-max 10-59) year-old. Of the 100 subjects with positive result either by NS-1, and or IgM - IgG, and positive viral load showed: Fever 38±1.03℃, hemoglobin 13.57±1.45 g/dL, hematocrite 39.44+4.16 %, leucocyte 3.82x10³ cells/mm3, thrombocyte 98 (min-max 19-312)x10³ cells/mm3, lymphocyte 28.58±12.69%, SGPT 48.31 (min-max 6.8-307.9) IU, SGOT 89.77 (min-max 16.5-716) IU, BUN 10.25±4.71 g/dL, serum creatinine 0.75±0.2 g/dL, serum albumin 3.79±0.54 g/ dL. Hematocrite level were slightly lower than reference. The clinical diagnosis were dengue fever, DHF grade I, and DHF grade grade II; with proportions: 52.5%, 42.6% and 4%, respectively. There were no subject progressing to severe dengue. Conclusions: We reported clinical profile of subjects with mild dengue infection. Leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and mild to moderate increase of transaminase were present in the subjects.

Irradiation of Donor Mononuclear Cells for Treatment of Chemorefractory Metastatic Solid Cancers: A Community-Based Immune Transplant Pilot Study

John T. Reynolds,John M. Watkins,Tarek A. Dufan,Shrikant S. Kubsad 대한암학회 2012 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.44 No.2

Purpose Chemotherapy has demonstrated ability to generate tumor antigens secondary to induction of apoptosis, against which human leukocyte antigen-compatible, irradiated, related donor mononuclear cells may be administered with immune stimulation to activate antigen presenting and cytotoxic T cells, while minimizing risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The present study endeavours to describe feasibility and efficacy of this treatment, specifically in the community setting. Materials and Methods Eligible patients had rapidly progressive, chemorefractory metastatic solid tumors. Treatment consisted of intravenous etoposide and cyclosporine for three days followed by granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor for 5 days. The following week, 5×107 haploidentical or more closely matched irradiated donor mononuclear cells were given weekly for 10 weeks along with interleukin-2. Results Three patients were enrolled, and the regimen was well-tolerated, with no GVHD observed. All patients had clinical response, despite advanced and heavily pretreated disease. Conclusion The above-outlined protocol demonstrates favorable tolerability and efficacy, and appears to be feasible in the community setting. While the optimal chemotherapy, immunostimulation, and irradiation regimens may be further optimized, future investigation appears warranted, and may include community oncology programs.