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( Soo-jung Rew ),( Du-hyeon Lee ),( Chang-hwan Park ),( Jin Jeon ),( Hyun-soo Kim ),( Sung-kyu Choi ),( Jong-sun Rew ) 대한내과학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.31 No.5
Background/Aims: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) has become a standard procedure in patients with a biliary obstruction. Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) has emerged as a new tool for managing extrahepatic biliary diseases. IDUS-directed ERBD can be performed without conventional cholangiography (CC). The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of IDUS-directed ERBD compared to CC-directed ERBD in patients with an extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Methods: A total of 210 patients who had undergone IDUS-directed ERBD (IDUS-ERBD, n = 105) and CC-directed ERBD (CC-ERBD, n = 105) between October 2013 and April 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome measure was the procedural success rate. Secondary outcome measures included clinical outcomes, total procedure time, radiation exposure time, and overall complication rates. Results: The total technical success rate of ERBD was 100% (105/105) in the IDUS-ERBD and CC ERBD groups. Mean procedure time was slightly prolonged in the IDUS-ERBD group than that in the CC-ERBD group (32.1 ± 9.9 minutes vs. 28.4 ± 11.6 minutes, p = 0.023). Mean radiation exposure time was one-third less in the IDUS-ERBD group than that in the CC-ERBD group (28.0 ± 49.3 seconds vs. 94.2 ± 57.3 seconds, p < 0.001). No significant differences in complication rates were detected between the groups. Conclusions: IDUS-ERBD was equally effective and safe as CC-ERBD in patients with an extrahepatic biliary obstruction. Although IDUS-ERBD increased total procedure time, it significantly decreased radiation exposure.
ON THE INTIAL VALUE DEPENDENCE OF THE PROPER QUADRATIC FIRST INTEGRALS IN DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Rew, See-Gew 東國大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.27 No.-
1946년, T.Y.Thomas는 그의 著書를 통하여 古典力學系에 관한 固有2次 第1積分을 取扱한 以後 最近까지 物理學的이며 幾何學的인 意味를 解析하지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 1972년, M. Ikeda 및 Y. Nishino에 의하여 單純 力學系에 있어서 固有 2次 第2積分을 3가지의 類型으로 分類하고 있을뿐이다. 筆者는 本小考를 통하여, 運動의 trajectories에 着眼하여 初期値를 導入함으로 固有 2次 第1積分을 더욱 細分化하였을 뿐만아니라, 그 結果 物理學的으로는 Total energy는 初期値와 無關함을 밝혀보았다. 이와 같은 接近方法은 窮極的으로는 幾何學의 오랜 宿願이던, 一般的인 Killing tensor을 硏究하는데 도움이 되리라 믿는다. Although the problem of the proper quadratic first integrals has been treated by various author [1], [5], [6], etc., it remains open what is the meaning of the quadratic first integrals, We have focused our attention on this problem for a simple dynamical system in a 3-dimensional Euclidean space, mainly on the relations between the quadratic first integrals and the trajectories of a particle motion. M. Ikeda and Y. Nishino have classified the dynamical system treated here into the three Case Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Among the proper quadratic first integrals, which contain 5 independent factors, but in CaseⅠ, there is no proper quadratic first integrals. There we led to consider the CaseⅡ and Ⅲ. In the present paper, we have further classified te proper quadratic first integrals with respect to the initial values of te trajectories. For the CaseⅢ, the proper quadratic first integrals exhibit a simple dependence of the initial position, but not of the initial velocity. Importance is the CaseⅡ, since we must consider the energy dependence when we treat the velocity dependence. We may say that among the quadratic first integrals the total energy is the only one that does not depent on any initial condition. Analysis treated here is closely related with the study of the general Killing tensors remains open in the meaning. Therefore, the present work has made a certain contribution to the above problem of the Killing tensors. The geometric and physical meaning of the proper quadratic first integrals have remained open for a long time. For the simple dynamical system as an illustration, it is shown that among the proper quadratic first integrals, someof them exhibit certain dependence on the inital values and the others do not. Therefore the proper quadratic first integrals can be classified into several classes with respect to the properties of the initial value dependence.