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Khan, Nauman Rauf,Khan, Amna Nauman,Bashir, Saira,Khan, Ayyaz Ali,Suleman, Bilquis A.,Chaudhry, Saima Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3
P63 is a gene product required in cell cycle regulation which plays vital roles in tumor differentiation. Aims of the present study were to assess the frequency, pattern, sensitivity and specificity of two p63 protein clones P63 4A4 and P63 4A4+Y4A3 in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Thirty cases of head and neck region SCC diagnosed on the basis of H&E staining were examined along with 60 cases of head and neck region biopsies other than squamous cell carcinoma, negative on H&E staining, were taken as control. Immunostaining was performed on slides according to the Thermo Scientific UltraVision LP detection System. P63 4A4+Y4A3 clone is more sensitive 96.6% in comparison to 86% in P63 4A4 with having greater NPV of 98.3%. The results signify the importance of P63 4A4+Y4A3 marker over the old markers and may be used as a confirmatory marker of squamous cell carcinoma.
Power Devolution and Economic Stability: Evidence from Pakistan
Abdur RAUF,Hidayat Ullah KHAN,Ghulam Yahya KHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
The current study analyzed the impacts of fiscal decentralization (FD) on the economic stability of Pakistan. This study used time series data from 1981 to 2017. The collected data was first passed through the unit root analysis. ARDL estimation techniques were employed to scrutinize the data where long-run associations were tested through Wald F-statistics. The long-run estimates were extracted by applying Ordinary Least Square, and error correction mechanisms were employed to find the speed of adjustment for disequilibria between the long and the short run. Wald F-statistics confirmed the existence of long-run cointegration. Long-run elasticities suggested that fiscal decentralization because of limited institutional capabilities of provincial governments failed in bringing stability in the economy of Pakistan. Similarly, transparency issues and misspecification of projects hinder the outcome of investment to stabilize the economy. High service payments on debt cut the amount that can be used for skills improvements and destabilize the economy. High Population growth puts pressure on infrastructure and reduces production capacity, ultimately destabilizing the economy by increasing unemployment and inflation. Based on these findings, the government is suggested to improve the institutional capacity of lower governments for the desired outcome of power devolution.
Rauf, Abdur,Uddin, Ghias,Raza, Muslim,Ahmad, Aftab,Jehan, Noor,Ahmad, Bashir,Nisar, Muhammad,Molnar, Joseph,Csonka, Akos,Szabo, Diana,Khan, Ajmal,Farooq, Umar,Noor, Mah Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4
Pistagremic acid (PA) is a bioactive triterpenoid isolated from various parts of Pistacia integerrima plants. The aim of this research was to investigate PA for reversion of multidrug resistant (MDR) mediated by P-glycoprotein using rhodamine-123 exclusion study on a multidrug resistant human ABCB1 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 1) gene-transfected mouse T-lymphoma cell line in vitro. Results were similar to those with verapamil as a positive control. Docking studies of PA and standard Rhodamine123 were carried out against a P-gp crystal structure which showed satisfactory results. Actually, PA cannot bind exactly where co-crystallized ligand of P-gp is already present. However, the docking study predicted that if a compound gives a lesser score then it may have some potency. The docking scores of PA and Rhodamine were similar. Therefore, we can conclude that there are certain important chemical features of PA which are responsible for the inhibiting potency of P-gp.
Tayeb, Muhammad,Rauf, Fozia,Ahmad, Khurshid,Khan, Faiz Muhammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4
Background: The objectives of the study were to: 1) determine the frequency of incidental malignancy in unsuspected/grossly normal looking gall bladders; 2) determine the frequency of malignancy in suspected/grossly abnormal looking gall bladders. Materials and Methods: This prospective, cross sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, during a four year period (Jan 2009-dec2012). All the cholecystectomy cases performed for gallstone diseases were examined initially by a surgeon and later on by a pathologist for macroscopic abnormalities and accordingly assigned to one of the three categories i.e. grossly normal, suspicious, abnormal/malignant. Frequency of incidental carcinoma in these categories was observed after receiving the final histopathology report. Results: A total of 426 patients underwent cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, with a 1:4 male: female ratio. Mean age of the patients was 45 years with a range of 17-80 years. The frequency of incidental gallbladder carcinoma was found to be 0.70 %(n=3). All the cases of gallbladder carcinoma were associated with some macroscopic abnormality. Not a single case of incidental carcinoma gallbladder was diagnosed in 383 'macroscopically normal looking' gallbladders. Conclusions: Incidental finding of gall bladder cancer was not observed in any of macroscopically normal looking gall bladders and all the cases reported as carcinoma gallbladder had some gross abnormality that made them suspicious. We suggest histopathologic examination of only those gall bladders with some gross abnormality.
AHMED, Wahab,KHAN, Hadi Hassan,RAUF, Abdul,ULHAQ, SM Nabeel,BANO, Safia,SARWAR, Bilal,HUDA, Shams ul,KHAN, Mirwaise,WALI, Ahmed,DURRANI, Maryam Najeeb Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3
In the last few years, there is growing interest in the field of simultaneous equation estimation in finance due to the endogeneity problem caused by measurement errors, simultaneity, or omitted variables. This study aims to discuss the endogeneity problem in corporate financing decisions and investigate the interrelationship of financial decision-making such as investment decision, dividend decision, and external financing decision in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) using two-stage least squares (2SLS) and generalized method of moment (GMM) estimation. The Bruech-Pagan test shows that the data has no heteroskedasticity issue and 2SLS is a better approach in the context of this study as compared to the GMM approach, and internal instruments are also sufficiently strong and valid. The three financial decision-making attributes are not jointly determined, and the dividend is influenced by one-sided investment. In the emerging stock market context, external financing and investment are not inter-related and did not affect each other. The question of whether the simultaneous equation estimation can be useful in the context of the emerging stock markets and newly-growing firms remains unanswered. The inclusive evidence shows that the theoretical link in the emerging stock market is difficult to prove like in developed stock markets.
The electrical, dielectric and magnetic effect of MgFe2O4–polypyrrole and its composites
Alburaih H. A.,Khan Sajjad Ahmad,Khosa Rabia Yasmin,Ejaz Syeda Rabia,Khan Abdul Rauf,Muhammad Ghulam,Waheed Muhammad Suleman,Chughtai Adeel Hussain,Manzoor Sumaira,Aman Salma 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.2
In the modern world of health and life sciences, the utilization of nanoscale materials, particularly magnetic nanoparticles, is a hot topic. Here in the present study, MgFe2O4 is synthesized via the chemical co-precipitation technique, and the polypyrrole (PPy) is fabricated via in situ polymerization technique to form the MgFe2O4/PPy nanocomposite by varying its content in the ferrite material. The electrical, magnetic, and dielectric properties of the fabricated materials were studied to investigate their applications in electronic devices. The magnetization saturation Ms, remanence Mr and coercivity Hc increase with the addition of ferrite material. The activation of the fabricated material increases from 0.11 to 0.34 eV, indicating the increase in electrical resistivity. The other important parameters such as squareness ratio and drift mobility were also calculated. The increment in DC electrical resistivity, saturation magnetic magnetization and remanence as well as reduction in dielectric constant values with the ferrite material addition in the polypyrrole suggest that the materials can be beneficial for recording media as well as high-frequency devices.
Zahoor Hussain Farooqi,Shanza Rauf Khan,Tajamal Hussain,Robina Begum,Kiran Ejaz,Shumaila Majeed,Muhammad Ajmal,Farah Kanwal,Mohammad Siddiq 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.9
We investigated the effect of crosslinking density of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) micro-gels on catalytic activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated hybrid microgels. Multiresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acryla-mide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with 2, 4, 6 and 8 mole percentage of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide were synthesizedby emulsion polymerization. These microgels were characterized by dynamic light scattering and were used as mi-croreactors to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Hybrid system was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Thecatalytic activity of hybrid microgels with different crosslinker content was compared by studying the reduction of p-nitrophenol as a model reaction. Kinetics of reaction was monitored by spectrophotometry. The value of the apparentrate constant decreases from 0.568 to 0.313 min−1, when content of crosslinker are increased from 2 to 8 mole percent-age respectively. This decreases in value of apparent rate constant is due to increase in diffusional barrier offered byhigh crosslinking of polymer network at high mole percentages of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide.
Muhammad Ahmed BILAL,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Muhammad IRFAN,S.M. Nabeel Ul HAQ,Manzoor ALI,Ali KAKAR,Wahab AHMED,Abdul RAUF 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.1
This paper attempts to study the impact of Financial Literacy on Youth Entrepreneurial Intent in Pakistan. A closed-ended self-administered structured questionnaire covering financial literacy, computer knowledge, financial attitude, and financial knowledge with Entrepreneurial Intent was collected from young entrepreneurs. The research tried to investigate the education level with computer skill to inspect the effect of financial literateness on young generation Entrepreneurial Intent in the context of Pakistan. The research model was tested using PLS-SEM and authenticating a measurement model through the advanced methodology and their association with Entrepreneurial Intent. Results revealed that financial literacy and its two parts (financial attitude and financial knowledge) have a positive impact on Entrepreneurial Intent. The size of the joint impact of financial literacy and its components on Entrepreneurial Intent was assessed to be adequate. Entrepreneurial Intent is essential for creating new firms to maintain economic development. Furthermore, it is determined in this research that if youth has better financial knowledge and financial attitude, the probability of Entrepreneurial Intent increases. This suggests that if the youth in Pakistan desire to attain a higher limit of Entrepreneurial Intent, they must implement financial literacy models for enhancing and promoting their current Entrepreneurial Intent.
Bushra Bari,Shehla Honey,Madhuku Morgan,Ishaq Ahmad,Rauf Khan,Arshad Muhammad,Khalid Alamgir,Shahzad Naseem,Maaza Malik 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.5
MeV carbon ion irradiation-induced changes in the electrical conductivity of Silver nanowire (Ag-NW) networks is demonstrated systematically at different C+ ion fluences ranging from 1 × 1012 to 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 at room temperature. At low C+ ion fluences, the electrical conductivity of Ag-NWs decreases and subsequently increases with increase fluence. Finally, at high C+ ion fluences, conductivity again decreases. The variation in the electrical conductivity of Ag NW network is discussed after analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The observed increase in electrical conductivity is thought to be due to ion induced coalescence of Ag-NWs at contact position, which causes reduction of wire-wire contact resistance, while the decrease in electrical conductivity may be due to defect production by C+ ions into Ag-NWs. Ion beam technology is therefore a very promising technology that is capable of fabricating highly conductive Ag-NW networks for transparent electrodes. Moreover, a method for thinning, slicing and cutting of Ag-NWs using ion beam technology is also reported.