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Nanostructured porous graphene and its composites for energy storage applications
Ramos Ferrer Pablo,Mace Annsley,Thomas Samantha N.,Jeon Ju-Won 나노기술연구협의회 2017 Nano Convergence Vol.4 No.29
Graphene, 2D atomic-layer of sp2 carbon, has attracted a great deal of interest for use in solar cells, LEDs, electronic skin, touchscreens, energy storage devices, and microelectronics. This is due to excellent properties of graphene, such as a high theoretical surface area, electrical conductivity, and mechanical strength. The fundamental structure of graphene is also manipulatable, allowing for the formation of an even more extraordinary material, porous graphene. Porous graphene structures can be categorized as microporous, mesoporous, or macroporous depending on the pore size, all with their own unique advantages. These characteristics of graphene, which are further explained in this paper, may be the key to greatly improving a wide range of applications in energy storage systems.
Neuro-Fuzzy Modelling and Stable PD Controller for Angular Position in Steering Systems
Ramos-Fernández Julio C.,López-Morales Virgilio,Márquez-Vera Marco A.,Pérez Juan Manual Xicotencatl,Suarez-Cansino Joel 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.6
The precision agriculture and soil tillage are tasks which can be achieved by Automated Tractors (AT) through the integration of several servomechanisms. In order to reach a high autonomy under various work conditions of the AT, control laws’ design and tuning are paramount. The aim of this work is to develop an angle position controller for steering systems applied to an AT. We introduce an automatic electronic steering system by using a fuzzy model, obtained through an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) algorithm training. A proportional derivative (PD) controller is also tuned through a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model (T-S). Furthermore, several closed-loop stability tests were carried out, in numerical simulation and real-time implementation. The feasibility of our methodology is illustrated through the tracking of several angles’ profiles in a real test scenario. For the tracking of a trajectory or several set-points, we have obtained mean errors about 0.6545 and 0.8651 degrees, respectively. Some mechatronic integrations to convert a conventional tractor into a basic Autonomous Agriculture Off-road Tractor (AAOT) are also shown.
Ramos, K.R.M.,Valdehuesa, K.N.G.,Cabulong, R.B.,Moron, L.S.,Nisola, G.M.,Hong, S.K.,Lee, W.K.,Chung, W.J. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2016 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.90 No.-
<P>Interest in agar or agarose-based pharmaceutical products has driven the search for potent agarolytic enzymes. An extracellular beta-agarase (AgaA7) recently isolated from Pseudoalteromonas hodoensis sp. nov was expressed in Bacillus subtilis, which was chosen due to its capability to overproduce and secrete functional enzymes. Phenotypic analysis showed that the engineered B. subtilis secreted a functional AgaA7 when fused with the aprE signal peptide (SP) at the amino-terminus. The maximum agarolytic activity was observed during the late logarithmic phase. To further improve the secretion of AgaA7, an expression library of AgaA7 fused to different naturally occurring B. subtilis SPs was created. The amount of AgaA7 secreted by the clones was compared through activity assay, immuno-blot, and purification via affinity chromatography. Although the aprE SP can readily facilitate the secretion of AgaA7, other SPs such as yggA, pel, and lipA were relatively more efficient. Among these SPs, lipA was the most efficient in improving the secretion of AgaA7.The use of B. subtilis as host for the expression and secretion of agarolytic and other hydrolytic enzymes can be a useful tool in the field of white biotechnology. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Ramos, Kristine Rose M.,Valdehuesa, Kris Niñ,o G.,Nisola, Grace M.,Lee, Won-Keun,Chung, Wook-Jin Elsevier 2018 New biotechnology Vol.40 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Research on the enzymatic breakdown of seaweed-derived agar has recently gained attention due to the progress in green technologies for marine biomass utilization. The enzymes known as agarases catalyze the cleavage of glycosidic bonds within the polysaccharide. In this study, a new β-agarase, Aga2, was identified from <I>Cellulophaga omnivescoria</I> W5C. Aga2 is one of four putative agarases from the W5C genome, and it belongs to the glycoside hydrolase 16 family. It was shown to be exclusive to the <I>Cellulophaga</I> genus. Agarase activity assays showed that Aga2 is an endolytic-type β-agarase that produces tetrameric and hexameric neoagaro-oligosaccharides, with optimum activity at 45°C and pH 8.0. Zinc ions slightly enhanced its activity while manganese ions had inhibitory effects even at very low concentrations. Aga2 has a K<SUB>m</SUB> of 2.59mgmL<SUP>−1</SUP> and V<SUB>max</SUB> of 275.48Umg<SUP>−1</SUP>. The K<SUB>cat</SUB> is 1.73×10<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, while the K<SUB>cat</SUB>/K<SUB>m</SUB> is 8.04×10<SUP>6</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP>. Aga2 also showed good thermostability at 45°C and above, and retained >90% of its activity after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Bioinformatic analysis of its amino acid sequence revealed that intrinsic properties of the protein (e.g. presence of certain dipeptides and the relative volume occupied by aliphatic amino acids) and tertiary structural elements (e.g. presence of salt bridges, hydrophobic interactions and H-bonding) contributed to its thermostability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Endolytic β-agarase Aga2 was identified from <I>Cellulophaga omnivescoria</I> W5C. </LI> <LI> Aga2 optimum activity was at 45°C, pH 8.0, with NA4 and NA6 as major products. </LI> <LI> Aga2 was thermostable at high temperatures as well as after many freeze-thaw cycles. </LI> <LI> Intrinsic properties and tertiary structural elements confer the thermostability. </LI> </UL> </P>
Effects on the Use of Two Textbooks for Four Types of Classes in a South Korean University
Ramos, Ian Done D. The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2013 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.1 No.2
This paper determined students' ranks of difficulty on the use of materials in terms of 1) understanding the layout of the learning materials, 2) reading comprehension of the learning materials, and 3) realization on relevance to needs of the learning materials. It also determined students' 4) rank and frequency of attitude on the materials. With the data gathered through 128 survey questionnaires, 7 focused group discussions, and 10 interviews, the results were found out that there was an inappropriate assessment procedure set by this particular university. The researcher concludes that: 1) design of four types of classes by just using the two textbooks with their respective workbooks is grammar-based with limited conversation activities; 2) placement for these students in one big class size was implemented without considering their common interest and motivation and language levels; and, 3) qualification of teachers teaching these EFL students did not support students' real needs and the language program itself. Content professors who were made to teach may have the ability to input learning, but their teaching styles may differ from the ones who are real English teachers. This paper then recommends that teachers and school administration should have an appropriate placement exam before students attend the class, especially in a big class size. There could only be a few problems among students in one big class size when students' level of competence is proportioned. With this, topics and conversation activities can even be more flexible with the maneuver of art of questioning, various dimensions of thinking, strategic competence, learning attitude or behavior, etc. to ensure sustenance of communicative mode and level of interest and motivation in the classroom. Grammar-based instruction can only be taught when a need arises. Thus, the course description of each class will be able to transact the objectives ready for developing students' communication competence. Moreover, proper measurement can be utilized to validly assess the amount of students' learning and the progress of language curriculum design in terms of materials selection and teaching approach.
Ramos, Kristine Rose M.,Valdehuesa, Kris Niñ,o G.,Maza, Perry Ayn Mayson M.,Nisola, Grace M.,Lee, Won-Keun,Chung, Wook-Jin Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2017 PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY Vol.63 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>An α-neoagarobiose hydrolase (α-NABH) from <I>Cellulophaga</I> sp. W5C, designated as AhgI, was identified, purified, and characterized. Its 1227 base pairs of coded sequence translate into a 408-amino acid protein that belongs to the GH117 family. Multiple sequence alignment of AhgI with other known α-NABHs showed 83% homology with AhgA from <I>Zobellia galactanivorans</I>. AhgI had an apparent molecular weight of 45kDa and was highly active at pH 7.0 and 20°C. The <I>K</I> <SUB>m</SUB> and <I>V</I> <SUB>max</SUB> values for neoagarobiose (NA2) were 1.03mM and 10.22U/mg, respectively. Apart from NA2, the enzyme showed activity against other neoagaro-oligosaccharides such as neoagarotetraose (NA4) and neoagarohexaose (NA6). AhgI was then employed in a prototype process to produce D-galactonate from <I>Gelidium amansii</I>. Agar from <I>G. amansii</I> was hydrothermally extracted and then enzymatically hydrolyzed by sequential addition of β-agarases and AhgI. The final hydrolysate containing D-galactose was then utilized for the microbial production of D-galactonate. This is believed to be the first report on the identification and characterization of an α-NABH derived from <I>Cellulophaga</I> species and its subsequent application in the synthesis of a value-added chemical directly from marine macroalgae.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> α-Neoagarobiose hydrolase was identified from <I>Cellulophaga</I> sp. W5C. </LI> <LI> Optimum conditions for enzyme activity are pH 7.0 and 20°C. </LI> <LI> AhgI was active towards neoagarobiose, neoagarotetraose, and neoagarohexaose. </LI> <LI> AhgI was applied for the hydrolysis of agar and subsequent D-galactonate production. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ramos, Ana A.,Polle, Jurgen,Tran, Duc,Cushman, John C.,Jin, Eon-Seon,Varela, Joao C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2011 ALGAE Vol.26 No.1
The physiology of the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina in response to abiotic stress has been studied for several decades. Early D. salina research focused on its remarkable salinity tolerance and ability, upon exposure to various abiotic stresses, to accumulate high concentrations of $\beta$-carotene and other carotenoid pigments valued highly as nutraceuticals. The simple life cycle and growth requirements of D. salina make this organism one of the large-scale commercially exploited microalgae for natural carotenoids. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics now allow investigation of abiotic stress responses at the molecular level. Detailed knowledge of isoprenoid biosynthesis mechanisms and the development of molecular tools and techniques for D. salina will allow the improvement of physiological characteristics of algal strains and the use of transgenic algae in bioreactors. Here we review D. salina isoprenoid and carotenoid biosynthesis regulation, and also the biotechnological and genetic transformation procedures developed for this alga that set the stage for its future use as a production system.